1.iOS发送HTTP请求常用技术点
在iOS中,常见的发送HTTP请求的方案有
苹果原生自带
NSURLConnection
:用法简单,最古老最经典最直接的一种方案【坑比较多】
NSURLSession
:功能比NSURLConnection更加强大,苹果目前比较推荐使用这种技术【2013推出,iOS7开始出的技术】
CFNetwork
:NSURL*的底层,纯C语言第三方框架
ASIHttpRequest
:外号“HTTP终结者”,功能极其强大,可惜早已停止更新
AFNetworking
:简单易用,提供了基本够用的常用功能,维护和使用者多
MKNetworkKit
:简单易用,产自三哥的故乡印度,维护和使用者少
为了提高开发效率,企业开发用的基本是第三方框架,兼有对苹果原生自带技术的封装
2.NSURLConnection
NSURL
:请求地址
NSURLRequest
:一个NSURLRequest对象就代表一个请求,它包含的信息有
一个NSURL对象
请求方法、请求头、请求体
请求超时
… …
NSMutableURLRequest
:NSURLRequest的子类
NSURLConnection
: 负责发送请求,建立客户端和服务器的连接;发送数据给服务器,并收集来自服务器的响应数据
使用NSURLConnection发送请求的步骤:
1>创建一个NSURL对象,设置请求路径
2>传入NSURL创建一个NSURLRequest对象,设置请求头和请求体
3>使用NSURLConnection发送请求
苹果SDK提供的相关方法:
NSURLConnection常见的发送请求方法有以下几种
//同步请求
+ (NSData *)sendSynchronousRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request returningResponse:(NSURLResponse **)response error:(NSError **)error;
//异步请求:根据对服务器返回数据的处理方式的不同,又可以分为2种
//block回调
+ (void)sendAsynchronousRequest:(NSURLRequest*)request
queue:(NSOperationQueue*)queue
completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLResponse* response, NSData* data, NSError* connectionError))handler;
//代理
- (id)initWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request delegate:(id)delegate;
+ (NSURLConnection*)connectionWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
delegate:(id)delegate;
- (id)initWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
delegate:(id)delegate
startImmediately:(BOOL)startImmediately;
//在startImmediately = NO 的情况下,需要调用start方法开始发送请求
- (void)start;
- (void)cancel;//对应终止发送请求
//成为NSURLConnection的代理,最好遵守 <NSURLConnectionDataDelegate> 协议
// NSURLConnectionDataDelegate协议中的代理方法
//开始接收到服务器的响应时调用
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response;
//接收到服务器返回的数据时调用(服务器返回的数据比较大时会调用多次)
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data;
//服务器返回的数据完全接收完毕后调用
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection;
//请求出错时调用(比如请求超时)
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error;
3.NSURLConnection使用
3.1发送同步请求
/**
* 发送同步请求
*/
- (void)sync{
// 0.请求路径
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.jianshu.com/users/468d1f0192cb/latest_articles"];
// 1.创建请求对象
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
// 2.发送请求
// sendSynchronousRequest阻塞式的方法,等待服务器返回数据
NSHTTPURLResponse *response = nil;
NSError *error = nil;
NSData *data = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request
returningResponse:&response
error:&error];
// 3.解析服务器返回的数据(解析成字符串)
NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"%@ %@", string, response.allHeaderFields);
}
3.2发送异步请求
/**
* 发送异步请求
*/
- (void)async{
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.jianshu.com/users/468d1f0192cb/latest_articles"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
[NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request
queue:[[NSOperationQueue alloc] init]
completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSData *data, NSError *connectionError) {
// 请求完毕会来到这个block
// 解析服务器返回的数据(解析成字符串)
NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"%@", string);
NSHTTPURLResponse *r = (NSHTTPURLResponse *)response;
NSLog(@"%zd %@", r.statusCode, r.allHeaderFields);
}];
}
3.3代理方式 <NSURLConnectionDataDelegate>
@interface ViewController () <NSURLConnectionDataDelegate>
/** 用来存放服务器返回的数据 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableData *responseData;
@end
@implementation ViewController
/**
* NSURLConnection 代理使用方式
*/
- (void)delegateAysnc{
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.jianshu.com/users/468d1f0192cb/latest_articles"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
[NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self];
}
/**
* 接收到服务器的响应
*/
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response{
NSLog(@"didReceiveResponse");
self.responseData = [NSMutableData data];
}
/**
* 接收到服务器的数据(如果数据量比较大,这个方法会被调用多次)
*/
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data{
// 不断拼接服务器返回的数据
[self.responseData appendData:data];
NSLog(@"didReceiveData -- %zd", data.length);
}
/**
* 服务器的数据成功接收完毕
*/
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection{
NSLog(@"connectionDidFinishLoading");
NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:self.responseData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"%@", string);
self.responseData = nil;
}
/**
* 请求失败(比如请求超时)
*/
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{
NSLog(@"didFailWithError -- %@", error);
}
// didReceiveResponse
// didReceiveData -- 3752
// didReceiveData -- 12131
// didReceiveData -- 3052
// connectionDidFinishLoading
// 打印出的网页代码
// #pragma mark - <NSURLConnectionDataDelegate> -- end
@end
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.jianshu.com/users/468d1f0192cb/latest_articles"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
// 1.自动发送请求
[NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self];
// 2.自动发送请求
[[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self];
// 3.1 手动发送请求
NSURLConnection *conn = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self startImmediately:NO];
[conn start];
// 3.2 取消发送请求
[conn cancel];
3.4异步线程执行耗时操作,主线程更新UI
NSString *urlStr = @"http://www.jianshu.com/users/468d1f0192cb/latest_articles";
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlStr];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
[NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request
queue:[[NSOperationQueue alloc] init]
completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSData *data, NSError *connectionError) {
NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
// 回到主线程
[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
// 把网页显示在webView上
}];
}];
3.5GET请求多值参数
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.example.com:8080/weather?place=Beijing&place=Shanghai"];
//{"weathers":[{"city":"Beijing","status":"晴转多云"},{"city":"Shanghai","status":"晴转多云"}]}