涉他行为


*涉他行为*
跋涉
plod	沉重缓慢地走：walk heavily
trudge	吃力而笨拙地走：heavily or clumsily
帮助
abet	v.帮助，怂恿：assist or support；v.鼓励：encourage
ancillary	次要的：secondary importance;辅助的，补充的：auxiliary, supplementary
conducive	有益的，有促进作用的：promote
extricate	使解脱，救出：free entanglement
largesse	捐赠物：without expectation of a return；慷慨：liberality
obliging	乐于助人的：do favors
patronize	赞助：provide aid；以高人一等的态度对待：treat haughtily
salvage	（从灾难中）抢救：save from loss
succor	救援，援助：aid
包围
encompass	组成，包含：include；包围：envelop
保护
conserve	保存，避免浪费：keep avoid wasteful
fail-safe	保险措施：to preclude loss or injury；万无一失的：no chance of failure
harbor	提供住处，隐匿：provide habitat；心怀，牢记：keep in one’s mind
safeguard	保护措施：prevent accident；保护：make safe
talisman	护身符：bring good luck, keep away evil
uphold	支持，赞成：support
vouch	担保，声称为真：give a guarantee
报复
requite	酬谢，报答：make repayment；报仇：punish in kind
retaliate	报复，反击：pay back
retribution	报酬，报应：reward or punishment
revenge	报复，复仇：retaliating；为...复仇：retaliating in kind
vindictive	复仇的，有寻仇倾向的：seek revenge
编织
knit	编织（纱线）：interlacing yarn with needles；连接，联系：join closely
贬低
debase	贬低，贬损：lower standing
depreciate	贬低…的价值：lower value；轻视：lower estimation, esteem
descend	下降：downward；世代相传：pass by inheritance
detract	贬低，降低价值：diminish；使分心：draw attention
disparage	贬低；轻蔑地说：lower, disrespectful
distain	贬损，伤害（某人的）名誉：lose honor, respect, reputation；弄脏：dirty
downplay	轻描淡写：，不予重视：minimize significance
epithet	外号，绰号：descriptive name
pejorative	轻蔑的，贬低的：disparaging
decry	强烈反对，否定：strong disapproval
demote	降职，降级：a lower grade
缠绕
entangle	使卷入，使纠缠：twist confused mass；使变复杂或困难：complex or difficult
ravel	解开，松开：separate strands；阐明：clarity by separating；使纠缠，使复杂化：tangle
tangle	困惑，不解：perplexity；纠缠，使....纠结：in a snare
吃喝
gobble	狼吞虎咽：eat greedily
guzzle	狂饮：drink greedily
imbibe	喝水，摄取水分：take in liquid
ingest	摄入，咽下：take into body
nibble	准确，精准：careful details；细微之处：fine point
nip	少量：small amount；小口吃喝：in small amounts
peck	大量：considerable amount；（不情愿地）小口咬：in small bites
potable	饮品，尤指有酒精饮料：beverage；适于饮用的：suitable for drinking
quaff	大口地喝：drink heartily
slake	使满足：satisfy
冲突
discrepancy	（在事实和宣称之间的）差异或矛盾：divergence, disagreement
paradox	表面矛盾实际可能正确的话，悖论：opposed to commonsense
rift	分裂，不和：break friendly；使开裂：break
variance	不一致，不和谐：lack harmony
ambivalent	（尤指感情、态度）矛盾的：opposing feelings
穿透
embed	嵌入：enclose
extract	用力拔出：take out
impenetrable	不可渗透的，不可穿透的：impossible to get through；难以理解的：incapable of being comprehended
spiny	多刺的：spines；棘手的，麻烦的：requiring exceptional skill
beset	使苦恼，骚扰：cause persistent suffering；攻击，袭击：set upon
创造
反对
antagonize	与...敌对，反对：opposition, counteract; 激怒：incur, provoke, hostility
boycott	联合抵制，拒绝参与：concerted refusal
confront	直接对抗，直面：face to face
defy	反抗，违抗：go against
demonstrate	（通过证据）证明，表明：make clear using examples；使明白易懂：make plain or understandable；表现，表露：make known
demur	表示异议，反对：opposition, objection；犹豫：doubt acceptability qualm
deprecate	不喜欢：unfavorable opinion；贬低，轻视：express scornfully；降低…的重要性，使低调：play down
dissent	持异议，不同意：differ；反对正统：departure accepted；不和谐：lack harmony
quibble	吹毛求疵：criticize, cavil；牵强之词：微不足道的差别或不切中要点的异议，小反对：minor objection
recalcitrant	顽抗的，不顺从的：resistance defiance
refute	否认：declare not to be true；证明为假，证伪：prove wrong
retort	（尤指机智的）回应，回答：quick, witty reply
riot	喧闹，暴乱：public violence
contradict	否认，反驳；与...相矛盾：contrary
反叛
apostasy	放弃宗教信仰：renunciation, faith; 变节，背叛：abandonment, previous loyalty
disaffected	不满的，叛逆的：discontented
insurgent	叛乱分子：opposes authority
perfidy	不忠，背信弃义：disloyalty
revolt	使厌恶，使反感：fill with disgust；反叛：renounce allegiance
treacherous	背叛的：betrayal
collaborate	合作：work jointly
renege	放弃，摒弃：formally reject
否定
abnegate	否认：deny，renounce；投降，放弃，交出（权力等）：surrender，relinquish
buck	阻止，反对：refuse assent; 转移，交接：shift possession
disavow	拒绝承认，否认：disclaim
gainsay	否认：declare false；反对：oppose
negation	否定：opposite
rebuff	严词拒绝：reject
veto	否决，禁止：forbid, prohibit
disprove	反驳，证明为假：prove to be false
override	不顾：set aside
干涉
meddle	干涉，管闲事：intrude
感激
reciprocate	往复运动：forward and backward；报答，回报：return
unrequited	无报答的，无报酬的：not reciprocated
beholden	欠他人人情的：owing gratitude
工作
depose	宣誓作证：testify；废黜，罢免：remove from a throne；摆放：arrange
dispatch	迅速：promptness；发送，派遣：one place to another；使死亡：deprive life；获胜，胜过…：victory
initiate	创造，发动促进：cause beginning；刚入门的新手：person initiation
instate	任命：establish rank
matriculate	入学；录取：admit or be admitted
sinecure	美差：requires little or no work
攻击
vulnerable	易受攻击的，脆弱的：open to attack
供给
enfranchise	给予…权力（例如选举权）：endow rights；解放：set free
issue	（有争议的）话题，议题：matter that is in dispute；发布（期刊）等：produce and release；（使）流出：flow out
proffer	献出，提供：offer
purvey	（大量）供给，供应：supply
quota	配额，限额：proportional
ration	定额供应量，配给量：amount allotted；按比例分配：share or portion
固定
观察
discern	识别，辨别差异：perceive, detect
goggle	凝视：look
leer	一瞥，斜眼看：sidelong
peep	一瞥：brief look；轻声：slight sound
perambulate	徒步穿越，走过：travel over
perceptible	可察觉的：being perceived
scrutinize	仔细检查：observe great care
squint	斜视，睥睨：glances sideways
glower	怒目而视：stare with anger
灌输
合并
align	使排成一行：line; 调准，校准：adjust
amalgamate	合并，混合：combine, unified, unite
coalesce	合并，融合：whole, fuse
confluence	汇合，混合：together same
interlock	连锁，连结：joined closely
mesh	诱捕：catch
nexus	小口咬：small bites
splice	接合，叠接：unite
conflate	混合：turn into a single mass
唤醒
disenchant	使清醒：free from illusion
激励
bolster	支撑（物）：provide support；鼓励、使有精力：boost
buoy	使充满勇气和力量，使振作：courage or strength
embolden	鼓励，使大胆：instill courage
exhort	敦促，力劝：urge strong
expedite	加快进程：speed up the progress
foster	促进，鼓励，培养：help the growth；养育：bring to maturity
goad	刺激，驱使，激发：incite rouse
hearten	给予鼓励，鼓舞：give strength courage, encourage
hortative	鼓励的：exhortation
incite	煽动，激起：provoke
infuse	激怒：make furious
invigorate	使精神，使强壮，鼓舞激励：impart vigor
whet	磨快：sharpen
incentive	刺激，诱因：incites
嫉妒
invidious	惹人反感的：cause discontent；羡慕嫉妒恨的：resentment of another’s possessions
节制
abstain	自我克制，主动戒绝：refrain, by one’s own choice
forbearance	克制，忍耐：tolerance and restraint；友好仁慈的态度：kind, gentle or compassionate treatment
禁止
interdict	禁止：forbid；阻止：stop, seize or interrupt
proscribe	禁止，排斥：forbid
竞争
contend	竞争，争夺：strive or vie in contest；声明，声称：state as a fact
扩大
bulge	凸起：protuberant; 比赛中的优势地位：more favorable condition; 暴涨，突增，在数目或数量上突然而且是临时性的增加：sudden, usually temporary increase; 充满：copiously supplied
dilate	（使）膨胀，扩大：enlarge, expand, wide；详细表达：more fully greater detail
distend	（使）膨胀：expand
escalate	（使）（战争等）升级，扩大：increase
理解
intelligible	可理解的：being understood
misconstrue	误解，曲解：mistake
scrutable	可以理解的：understood comprehensible
comprehend	理解，了解：grasp；包括，包含：contain or hold within
implicit	不言而喻的，心照不宣的：understood though unexpressed；无疑问的，无保留的：without doubt
利用
inexorable	无法劝阻的，不为所动的：not persuaded
旅游
迷惑
captivate	吸引：attract
confound	使困惑：uncertainty；无法区分，混淆：fail to differentiate；证明为假，证伪：false
fluster	使慌乱：put into agitated confusion
labyrinthine	迷宫似的，复杂曲折的：extremely complex structure
nonplus	使迷惑，使困窘：perplex
obfuscate	使困惑，使模糊：confused, opaque
baffle	挫败，阻挠：frustrate or check；使疑惑：mental uncertainty
enthrall	（像用魔咒般）吸引：hold the attention
黏附
glutinous	胶状的粘的：glue
viscid	有粘性的：glutinous
viscous	粘稠的，粘的：viscid
affix	粘合：attach physically
cling	粘结，粘合：physical sticking；紧贴；坚持：adhere
弄碎
fragile	易碎的：broken；易受伤的，脆弱的：easily injured
friable	易碎的：easily crumbled
mince	切碎：small pieces；小步走：short steps
scrappy	好斗的，好吵架的：aggressive
排除
obviate	排除，使不必要：unnecessary
preclude	预先阻止：make impossible in advance；排斥：exclude
supplant	排挤，篡夺...的位置：usurp the place of
判断
assess	评估（重要性、尺寸、价值等）：determine; 征收费用（如罚款）：charge, penalty
ponderable	有价值的，值得考虑的：considerable
supposition	猜想，推测：little or no evidence
adjudicate	裁决，判定：settle
破坏
demolition	破坏，毁坏：destroying
mar	污点，坏点：spoils the appearance；破坏，削弱：impair
raze	摧毁，粉碎：destroy completely
sabotage	妨害，破坏：hinder a cause；从事破坏活动，阻止：practice sabotage
subvert	颠覆：overturn
undermine	削弱，破坏：weaken, injure, impair
切割
serrate	锯齿状的：notched
清除
debark	（使）下船（飞机、车等）；卸（客、货）：unload, from a ship or an airplane
dismantle	分解，分拆：pieces, destroy integrity
expurgate	净化（书等），删去（不当处）：remove
exorcise	除去：ger rid of
supersede	取代，替代：displace
请求
appealing	吸引人的：attractive, inviting
beseech	（急切地）恳求：beg
cadge	乞讨，乞求：beg
entreat	恳求：plead persuade, ask urgently
importune	宏伟壮丽的：impressive
invoke	实施：put into effect；产生，造成：be the cause
supplicate	恳求，乞求：make a request earnest or urgent
conjure	请求，恳求：entreat earnestly；在脑海中浮现，想起：form a mental picture
驱逐
deportation	放逐：removal from a country
discharge	解雇：dismiss；释放：free；不承担责任：freeing obligation, responsibility
evict	赶出，逐出：expel
ostracize	驱逐：exclude
oust	免职：remove from；驱逐：drive out
repulse	使厌恶，排斥：reject with denial
去除
countermand	取消，撤销：revoke
deplete	耗尽，使衰竭：make complete use
disabuse	打消错误念头，纠正：free from error, fallacy, misconception
忍受
stomach	容忍：bear
weather	安全度过（危机等），经受住：come through
赏赐
boon	恩惠，福利：benefit; 喜欢集体活动的：enjoy the company of others
embark	上船：go abroad；开始从事：start
说明
apprise	通知，告知：inform
assert	断言，肯定地说出：declare, forcefully, aggressively
claim	要求（权利）：ask for, right; 断言：state as a fact; 剥夺生命：deprive, life; 权利：right
cogent	令人信服的：convincing; 相关的：pertinent
decipher	破译：interpret；对…有清晰的想法，理解，解读：clear idea
decode	解码：change into ordinary language；对…有清晰的想法，理解，解读：clear idea
elucidate	阐明：make lucid
evince	表明：make known
legend	传奇，传说：popular myth；图例：explanatory list map
paraphrase	转述，意译，改写；in different words
promulgate	校对：find errors and mark corrections
avowal	承认，公开宣称：declaration
explicate	解释，说明：detailed explanation
proclaim	宣告，使...公之于众：declare publicly
思考
incogitant	考虑不周到的，不体谅的：inconsiderate
opine	表达观点；想，认为：express opinions
premeditate	预先考虑：consider beforehand
retrospective	回顾的：looking back
speculate	推测，揣测：take to be true；投机倒买：from market fluctuations
contemplate	沉思，仔细考虑：consider
meditate	思索，沉思：focus
premeditate	预先考虑：consider beforehand
scruple	（良心上的）不安：uneasy feeling about the rightness
违反
contravene	违反，反对：violate, oppose
transgress	违背，犯错：fail to keep, commit an offense
counterproductive	反效果的，阻碍预期目标的：not producing desired goal
问答
interrogate	质问，审问：question formally
pry	刺探，打听：inquire closely, curiously；
repartee	机智的回答：witty response；打趣，善意的玩笑：good-natured teasing
吸引
advert	引起注意，提到：refer
allure	吸引：attract or delight; 诱惑做（某事）lead, pleasure or advantage
entice	诱使：tempt, lure
entrance	进入权，进入许可：means of entering or participation；使入迷：wonder, enchantment
inducement	动机，刺激源：motive；劝说，游说：pleading with someone to accept
pall	失去兴趣：interest attraction
riveting	吸引人的，极迷人的：absorbing engrossing
tantalize	激起，挑逗，引诱：excite
bewitching	迷人的，令人着迷的：attract
信任
credence	坚信：firm brief
credulous	轻信的，易受骗的：gullible
dogma	教条，信条：doctrine stated authoritatively
credible	可信，值得信赖的：worthy of being accepted
credit	信任，信赖：mental conviction of the truth；表扬，赞扬：acknowledgment or admiration
fabulous	传说中的：fable；幻想中的，不真实的：in the imagination；令人惊讶的，令人称奇的：causing wonder；极好的：extremely pleasing
旋转
reel	感到眩晕：from being twirled around；蹒跚地走路：swaying from side to side
寻找
elicit	激起，唤起：bring out
probe	深入调查：penetrating investigation
retrieve	寻回，找回：get back again
压制
persecute	迫害，折磨：cause suffering
quash	镇压，阻止：put a stop to
quell	压制：suppress；使平静，使安静：pacify
scotch	停止：put an end to
squelch	压制，镇压（运动）：stop by force；击溃，使无言以对：put down or silence
subjugate	征服，镇压：bring under control；剥夺...的自由：make subservient
vanquish	打败，征服：defeat
victimize	使受骗：subject to deception
厌恶	厌恶
abhor	vt.深恶痛绝，极度厌恶：extreme repugnance
blasé	（过度放纵之后）厌倦享乐的，腻厌的：apathetic
loathe	厌恶：dislike
repel	抵制：fight against；使厌恶：cause aversion
antipathy	厌恶，反感：aversion, dislike；令人反感的事物：objection of aversion
要求
imperative	命令：must be obeyed；命令的，强制性的：forcing one’s compliance；迫切的：needing immediate attention；必要的：impossible to do without
requisite	必需品：something necessary；必不可少的，必备的：necessary
stipulate	规定，特定要求：specify agreement
prerequisite	先决条件，前提：necessary to an end
移动
creep	缓慢地行进：slowly；匍匐前进：body close to the ground
emigrate	移民，移居海外：leave
inch	少量，很短的距离：small degree；（使）慢慢移动：move slowly
migratory	迁移的：moving from one region to another
mobile	可移动的：capable moving；可变的：changeable
motile	能动的：movement
抑制
bridle	限制
prohibitive	禁止的，阻止的：prohibit, restrain；（价格高得）抑制购买的：purchase
restrain	限制，控制：limit, restrict
stifle	抑制（声音、呼吸等）；阻止，扼杀：hold back
隐藏
cache	囤货，藏货：supply; 隐藏：hiding
conceal	隐藏，隐瞒：prevent disclosure
dissemble	用假象隐藏真相，掩饰：false
ensconce	安置：settle securely；隐藏：hiding
latent	潜在的，不活跃的：potential, not evident
lurk	潜伏：lie in wait
secluded	僻静的，隐蔽的：hidden
smother	使窒息：killed by lack of air；抑制（表达，说出），压制：refrain
运动
jog	慢跑：movement exercise；唤起：rouse
jolt	突然移动：move sudden；惊吓：unpleasant surprise
plummet	突然下降：decline suddenly
scuff	（使）磨损：roughened by wear；脚步拖沓：move heavily
stride	迈大步走：long steps
swagger	大摇大摆地走，趾高气昂地走：arrogant, pompous；自夸，吹嘘：boast
traverse	横穿：pass across
waddle	摇摇摆摆地走:tilt the body from side to side
glide	轻松地行动，轻松地通过：smoothly, continuously, effortlessly
战胜
outmaneuver	以谋略取胜：overcome
preponderant	占优势的，更重要的：superior importance
pulverize	将…研磨成粉；将…彻底摧毁：complete end
transcend	超越，超过极限：beyond the limits
accomplish	实现，完成：completion
surmount	战胜，获得胜利：achieve a victory
争吵
discord	意见不一致，不和谐：lack agreement, harmony
miff	使恼怒：annoyed
polemic	争执：argument
skirmish	小冲突，争论：minor
squabble	口角，小争吵：quarrel
tiff	小争吵：petty quarrel
wrangle	纷争，争端：differing opinions；争吵：quarrel
belligerent	好斗的，好战的：assertiveness, hostility, combativeness
争论
contentious	引起争论的：argumentative；好争论的，好战的：tendency quarrels
negotiate	商量，谈判：by mutual agreement；谋划：plan out
sophism	假推理，诡辩：deceptive argumentation
证明
substantiate	证实：support with proof；使实体化：give material
testimony	证词，声明：authentication
verify	校验，证实：determine accuracy
vindicate	为...平反，为...辩护，使无罪：free from blame；证明，证实：give evidence
attest	证实，为...作证：give evidence
支持
advocate	支持，提倡：support
allegiance	忠诚：devotion or loyalty
buttress	扶墙：supporting, wall building; 为···提供支撑的证据或者信息：provide evidence or information for
commitment	致力，投入：obligated, impelled; 确信：belief; 承诺，表态：revealing one’s view
corroborate	用证据或权威证实：support with evidence；为…提供证据，支持：provide evidence
espouse	支持；拥护：support；与…结婚：marriage, marry
exponent	倡导者，支持者：advocates；实践者，典型代表：full realization
sling	投掷：send through the air
truss	系紧，扎紧：into a tight mass
undergird	加强，巩固...的底部：strengthen
阻碍
balk	阻碍：check, obstacle; 不愿接受，拒绝：unwillingness
barricade	障碍物：obstruction, rampart; 用障碍物阻止通过：prevent access
clog	阻碍物：something, movement, progress difficult; 阻碍：difficulty; 堵塞：prevent, through
deter	吓住，威慑：prevent, discourage
dissuade	劝阻，反对：deter persuasion, exhortation
encumber	阻碍，妨碍：impede；给…增添负担：place burden
forestall	预先阻止：prevent beforehand
hamper	阻碍：restrict the movement, impede
impede	妨碍，阻碍：slow the progress of
obstruct	妨碍，给…制造困难：impede, create difficulty；阻挡：prevent passage
rail	猛骂，猛烈抨击：revile or scold
stockade	栅栏，围栏：enclosure；监狱：confinement
stunt	阻碍（成长）：hinder growth
stymie	阻碍：present an obstacle
deadlock	僵局：a state of inaction or neutralization；使陷入僵局，使停顿：to a deadlock

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