CH14&15&16一步一步掌握批判思维

从第14章开始进入整本书的第三部分——解决问题的方法，遵循这些方法一步一步运用批判思维解决问题。

批判性思维是一项技能，更掌握其它任何一项技能一样，需要工具、规则、方法和大量的练习。比如摄影。掌握摄影技能：首先，你要了解摄影的工具。即摄影器材，比如相机、镜头、闪光灯、附件、后期软件等等；第二，你要知道摄影规则。即摄影的基础知识，比如什么是光圈、快门速度、ISO等等；第三，有了工具和掌握规则之后，我们就可以根据拍摄流程一步一步拍出满意的照片。拥有工具、知道规则、掌握了方法不代表我们拥有了这项技能。最重要的是在实践中应用，不断提高。

批判性思维的工具和规则是什么？本书第一部分“背景”就是批判性思维的工具和规则；第二部分提到思维容易犯的错误，如何避免踩雷；第三部分是方法。

现在武装上你的工具，绕开雷区，开始用正确的方法大刀阔斧操练吧。

每日五词

1. gait

the way someone walks步态，步伐:

•a slow shuffling gait拖着脚慢吞吞行走的步子

2. Clot

a thick almost solid mass formed when blood or milk dries〔血液、牛奶等的〕凝块:

•He developed a blood clot on his brain and died.他脑部出现血块死了。

3. Culture

MEDICINE / SCIENCE 医药/科学, C,Utechnicalbacteria or cells grown for medical or scientific use, or the process of growing them培养出的细菌（细胞）; 细菌（细胞）培养:

•It takes two to three weeks to grow the culture.培养出这种细菌要两到三个星期。

•tissue cultures 组织培养

4. Saliva

the liquid that is produced naturally in your mouth涎，唾液;SYN spit

5. delinquent

someone, especially a young person, who breaks the law or behaves in ways their society does not approve of违法的人〔尤指青少年〕; 不良青少年:

•Deanes writes and lectures about teenage delinquents.迪恩斯就不良青少年问题撰文并演讲。

Summary

The author lists some questions and inventory of habits and attitudes to let us know more about ourselves.

If you want to improve your critical thinking performance, answer all the questions honestly, reflected on your answers and make a conscious effort to resist errors occurring at various stage of thinking process.

Being observant can help us learn more about things around us. More important, it aids our critical thinking.

Regarding selecting an issue, the basic rule is "less is more", which means selecting an issue for depth rather than breadth.

感悟

去年读何伟的《江城》时，就惊讶于何伟的观察力。一个美国小伙，在涪陵支教两年，写得一本《江城》。然而我们在一座城待十几年，二十年也未必会写出一本关于这座城的书。我们越长大越没有好奇心，越没有观察力。