环境：pytho3.5.1
import requests
import os
import time
import random
import re
import pdfkit
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from lxml import html
def get_text(url):
# 获取url的内容，调用频率极高
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36'}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
response.encoding = 'utf-8'
return response.text
def clean_str(string):
# 创建文件时候去掉特殊字符，防止创建失败
return re.sub(r'\n|\s', '', string)
def analysis_text(url):
# 核心方法，获取需要的html信息，以方便重新组合形成新的html文件，注意是带上标签的
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36'}
text = get_text(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'html.parser')
try:
title = soup.find_all('h1')[0]
main_text = soup.find_all(id="arc-body")[0]
file_name = re.findall('<h1>(.*?)</h1>', text)[0]
file_name = clean_str(file_name)
imgs = re.findall('<img .*?src=\"(.*?)\"', text)
for i in imgs:
if '?' not in i:
name = i.split('/')[-1]
with open(name, 'wb') as img:
img.write(requests.get(
'http://c.biancheng.net' + i, headers=headers).content)
main_text = re.sub(r'/uploads/allimg/\d+/', '', str(main_text))
except IndexError as i:
print(i, 'Information error!', sep=': ')
title = ''
main_text = ''
file_name = ''
return title, main_text, file_name
def write_html(url):
# 形成新的HTML文件
title, main_text, file_name = analysis_text(url)
with open(file_name + '.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as ht:
ht.write(str(title))
ht.write(str(main_text))
return file_name
def write_pdf(count, url):
# 将html文件写入pdf， 注意的是参数与使用方法
file_name = write_html(url)
options = {
'page-size': 'Letter',
'encoding': "UTF-8",
'margin-top': '0.75in',
'margin-right': '0.75in',
'margin-bottom': '0.75in',
'margin-left': '0.75in',
'no-outline': None,
'custom-header': [
('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip')
]
}
path_wk = r'C:\Program Files\wkhtmltopdf\bin\wkhtmltopdf.exe' # wkhtmltopdf安装位置
config = pdfkit.configuration(wkhtmltopdf=path_wk)
pdfkit.from_file(file_name + '.html', file_name + '.pdf',
options=options, configuration=config)
def clean_dir():
# 爬取过程会生成很多缓存文件，爬取完成后一并清除
fpath = os.getcwd()
for file in os.listdir(fpath):
if '.gif' in file or '.html' in file or '.jpg' in file:
os.remove(os.path.join(fpath, file))
def get_urls_xpath(start_url):
# 获取需要爬取的链接并检查格式
text = get_text(start_url)
etree = html.etree
ehtml = etree.HTML(text)
hrefs = ehtml.xpath('//div[@id="sidebar"]//dd/a/@href')
for i in range(len(hrefs)):
if 'http' not in hrefs[i] :
hrefs[i] = 'http://c.biancheng.net' + hrefs[i]
return hrefs
if __name__ == '__main__':
start_url = 'http://c.biancheng.net/tensorflow/'
urls = get_urls_xpath(start_url)
for count, url in enumerate(urls):
time.sleep(random.random())
write_pdf(count + 1, url)
clean_dir()
