一、副词的功用

1.修饰一般动词：He drives his car carefully(adv). (他开车很小心)

2.修饰形容词：He is a very(adv) careful driver. (他是一个非常谨慎的司机)

3.修饰另一个副词：He drivers his car very(adv) carefully(adv). (他开车非常小心)

二、副词的种类

1.情(绪=>happy, sad)状(态=>cute, heavy)副词

副词的形成：

形容词加ly：quick=> quickly, careful=> carefully, slow=> slowly

形容词字尾为le去e加y：terrible=> terribly, comfortable=> comfortably

形容词字尾为字音加y去y加ily：happy=> happily, heavy=> heavily

形容词字尾为ll加y：full=> fully, dull=> dully

形容词字尾为ue去e加y：true=> truly, due=> duly

形容词和副词同形：friendly, lovely, early, late, enough, fast, first, last等

不规则变化：good=> well

副词的位置：

动词有及物动词(提及他物)和不及物动词，V+O(V后面可以加O的为及物动词)

动词+副词 / 副词+动词  (这里的动词为不及物动词)

例：She danced beautifully / She beautifully danced. （她跳舞跳得很好）

动词+受词+副词 / 副词+动词+受词 (这里的动词为及物动词，及物动词需要和受词绑在一起)

例：All of us accepted the invitation gladly. / All of us gladly accepted the invitation. (我们所有人都很乐意接受这邀请)

动词+介系词+受词+副词 / 副词+动词+介系词+受词 / 动词+副词+介系词+受词 (这里的动词为不及物动词)

例：She walked into the classroom quietly. / She quietly walked into the classroom. / She walked quietly into the classroom. (她安静地走进教室)

be动词+副词+Ving

例：He was anxiously waiting for her arrival. (他焦急地等待着她的到来)

注意：字尾为ly的情状副词可用于一句的句首

例：Slowly and carefully he opened the box. (他小心翼翼地慢慢打开盒子)

注意：连缀动词，如feel,taste等，其后需接形容词

判断是否是连缀动词，看该词是否可以改为be动词，可以的为连缀动词，不可以的为一般动词

例： 1. The old man looked angry. (老人看起来很生气) => The old man was angry. (老人很生气)

            The old man looked at me angrily. (老人愤怒地看着我)

        2. We felt sad for his death. (我们为他的死感到悲伤) => We were sad for his death.

            The doctor felt the pulse carefully. (医生仔细摸了摸脉搏)

        3. Mark appeared calm. (马克显得很冷静) => Mark was calm. (马克很平静)

            Mark appeared suddenly at the door. (马克突然出现在门口)

2.频率副词

always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,ever,never等

副词的位置：

be动词 / 助动词之后，一般动词之前

例：Jim is always late to school. (吉姆上学总是迟到)

       Jim always goes to school late. (吉姆上学总是迟到)

简单句或简述句时，在be动词或助动词之前

例：1. Mr.Wang usually goes to the office by bus, but Mrs.Wang never does. ( 王先生通常坐公共汽车去办公室，但王太太从来不坐公共汽车)

       2. Did you ever talk to foreigners in English? No, I never did.  (你用英语和外国人交谈过吗？我从来没有。)

注意：频率副词除always外，也可用于句首，always在句首后面要加祈使句(Always be good)，表示一直要怎么样

例：Sometimes we eat dinner in that restaurant. (有时我们在那家餐厅吃晚餐)

注意：询问频率，用How often(多久一次)

例：How often do the buses run between the station and your school? Once an hour. (往返于车站和学校之间的公交车多久一班？一小时一班)

3.地方副词

there,here,downstairs,upstairs,inside等

小地方+大地方

例：Her parents lived on a small farm in a remote country. (她的父母住在偏远乡村的一个小农场里。)

副词的位置：地方副词很少用于句首，如用于句首，用来表对比、强调

例：1. The young girls are going upstairs.  (年轻女孩上楼去了)

       2. Upstairs they are having a party, and downstairs people are playing loud music. So I cannot study in my apartment. (楼上在开派对，楼下在放音乐。所以我不能在公寓里学习)

4.时间副词

副词的位置：句首或句尾

例：Last week you promised me to do it. (上周你答应我去做的)

小时间+大时间

The wedding took place on Wednesday evening last week. (婚礼于上周三晚上举行)

注意：若有几个不同类的副词同时出现，其次序为：地方副词+情状副词+频率副词+时间副词

例：1. My sister went upstairs quietly a minute ago. (我妹妹刚才悄悄上楼了)

       2. A time bomb exploded at the station yesterday. (一颗定时炸弹昨天在车站爆炸了)

5.程度副词

so, too, very, quite, enough等

副词的位置：用于所修饰的形容词或副词前，enough用于所修饰的形容词或副词之后

例：so comfortable, too tired, very carefully, tall enough(够高), kind enough(够仁慈)

例：It's warm enough for you to play out of doors. (天气足够暖和，你可以到外面玩)

6.特别注意的副词

very修饰原级和最高级，much修饰比较级和最高级

例：1. He is a very good boy. (他是个非常乖的孩子)

       2. He is a much better boy than you. (他比你乖多了)

       3. He is much the best boy of all. / He is the very best boy of all. (他是最棒的孩子)

much及very much可修饰动词，但very不可以

例：I don't like the idea (very much / much). (我不太喜欢这个想法)

修饰现在分词(Ving)用very，修饰过去分词(p.p.)用much,very much，注意：列入字典当形容词的过去分词可用very

例：1. English is an very interesting subject. (英语是一门非常有趣的科目)

       2. I am (very much / much) interested in English. (我对英语非常感兴趣)

       3. I am very pleased to teach all of you English. (我非常高兴能教大家英语) (这里的pleased为列入字典的形容词，)

maybe(或许)为副词，may be(可能是),may为助动词，be为动词,区别为在句子中的位置不一样,maybe放句首,may be放在句子中间

例：1. Maybe he is right. (也许他是对的)

       2. He may be right. (他也许是对的)

sometime(某个时间),some time(一段时间),sometimes(偶尔),some times(几次)

例：1. I saw him sometime last year. ( 我去年某个时候见过他)

       2. I'll call on you sometime. (有机会我会拜访你的) call on(拜访) call at(参观)

       3. I'll do this if I can spare some time. ( 如果我能抽出时间，我会做这件事)

everyday(每天)当形容词，every day(每天)当副词

例：1. Wear you everyday clothes. (穿上你的日常服装) everyday clothes(便服)

       2. She helps her mom with kitchen work every day. (她每天都帮妈妈做厨房里的活)

注意：某些副词可修饰整个句子

例：1. Unfortunately, John failed to pass the exam. (遗憾的是，约翰没有通过考试) (这里的Unfortunately修饰了整个句子) fail + to V(未能)

        2. To pass the exam, she studies hard. (为了通过考试，她努力学习) (这里的To pass为不定词当副词使用,修饰了整个句子)