马哥N49第四周作业

1、显示/etc,目录下，以非字母开头，后面跟了一个字母以及其它任意长度任意字符的文件？
或目录。

[root@localhost ~]# ll -da /etc/[^[:alpha:]][[:alpha:]]*
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Oct 18 02:46 /etc/1falias
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Oct 18 02:49 /etc/2abc11
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc/ -name "[^[:alpha:]][[:alpha:]]*"
/etc/skel/.mozilla
/etc/skel/.bash_logout
/etc/skel/.bash_profile
/etc/skel/.bashrc
/etc/.pwd.lock
/etc/selinux/targeted/.policy.sha512
/etc/cron.hourly/0anacron
/etc/cron.d/0hourly
/etc/brltty/Input/pm/2d_l.ktb
/etc/brltty/Input/pm/2d_s.ktb
/etc/.updated
/etc/2abc11
/etc/2abc11/3abc11
/etc/1falias
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 

2、复制/etc,目录下所有以p开头，以非数字结尾的文件或目录到/tmp/mytest1目录中。

[root@localhost etc]# mkdir /tmp/mytest1 && cp -a /etc/p*[^0-9] /tmp/mytest1
[root@localhost etc]# 
[root@localhost etc]# ll /tmp/mytest1/
total 52
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 Aug 26 13:45 pam.d
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   68 May 13  2019 papersize
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 2427 Aug 26 13:49 passwd
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 2427 Aug 26 13:49 passwd-
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 1362 May 14  2019 pbm2ppa.conf
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 2872 May 14  2019 pinforc
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   27 Aug 26 13:42 pipewire
drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root  123 Aug 26 13:43 pki
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   28 Aug 26 13:43 plymouth
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root root   52 Aug 26 13:41 pm
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 6300 May 14  2019 pnm2ppa.conf
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 May 10  2019 popt.d
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   24 Aug 26 13:41 prelink.conf.d
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  233 Sep 10  2018 printcap
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 2078 Sep 10  2018 profile
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 Aug 26 13:43 profile.d
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 6568 Sep 10  2018 protocols
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   79 Aug 26 13:42 pulse
[root@localhost etc]# 

3、将/etc/issue文件中的内容转换为大写后保存至/tmp/issue.out文件中 。

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/issue | tr a-z A-Z > /tmp/issue.out
[root@localhost ~]# cat /tmp/issue.out
\S
KERNEL \R ON AN \M

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/issue | tr [:lower:] [:upper:] > /tmp/issue.out
[root@localhost ~]# cat /tmp/issue.out
\S
KERNEL \R ON AN \M

[root@localhost ~]# 

4、请总结描述用户和组管理类命令的使用方法并完成以下练习:

• (1)、创建组distro，其 GID为2019;

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -g 2019 distro
[root@localhost ~]# getent group distro
distro:x:2019:
[root@localhost ~]# 

• (2)、创建用户mandriva，其ID号为1005;基本组为distro;

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -u 1005 -g distro mandriva 
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# id mandriva
uid=1005(mandriva) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro)
[root@localhost ~]# 

• (3)、创建用户mageia，其ID号为1100，家目录为/home/linux;

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -u 1100 -d /home/linux  mageia 
[root@localhost ~]# id mageia
uid=1100(mageia) gid=1100(mageia) groups=1100(mageia)
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# ll /home/linux -d
drwx------. 3 mageia mageia 78 Oct 18 05:20 /home/linux
[root@localhost ~]# 

• (4)、给用户mageia添加密码，密码为mageedu，并设置用户密码7天后过期

[root@localhost ~]# echo "mageedu" | passwd --stdin mageia   #使用passwd接受标注输入修改密码
Changing password for user mageia.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# getent shadow mageia
mageia:$6$yD1lc82xTKGxl3f.$xRrdydOVwkfG1Y2r6I2/9jkRTtDF46OPKm6T0qdO7t3pR9x5lL/xOQ8oaOW2rmAvMAxSRirtYXXK3fbuqCYR4/:18553:0:3:7:::
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# passwd  mageia -x 7  #使用passwd -x选项修改密码到期时间为7天后
Adjusting aging data for user mageia.
passwd: Success
[root@localhost ~]# getent shadow mageia
mageia:$6$yD1lc82xTKGxl3f.$xRrdydOVwkfG1Y2r6I2/9jkRTtDF46OPKm6T0qdO7t3pR9x5lL/xOQ8oaOW2rmAvMAxSRirtYXXK3fbuqCYR4/:18553:0:7:7:::
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# echo mageia:mageedu | chpasswd  #用chapsswd也可以修改密码
[root@localhost ~]# getent shadow mageia
mageia:$6$F8A6E/qJcX0kJRP$EL2mLcGU/41tXYnCMKUizrZaLRylWADhLnY.C5RvrQ1nwQd60KOFDpvn1FMN1dCjTBRrKxfwZl4tbsPIIfZ9L0:18553:0:7:7:0::
[root@localhost ~]# 

• (5)、删除mandriva，但保留其家目录;

[root@localhost ~]# userdel mandriva
[root@localhost ~]# ll /home/
total 4
drwx------.  3 mageia mageia   99 Oct 18 05:31 linux
drwx------.  3   1005 distro   78 Oct 18 05:14 mandriva
drwx------. 15 tracy  tracy  4096 Sep 11 03:23 tracy
[root@localhost ~]# 

• (6)、创建用户slackware，其ID号为2002，基本组为distro，附加组peguin;

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd peguin
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -u 2002 -g distro -G peguin slackwware
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# id slackwware
uid=2002(slackwware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin)
[root@localhost ~]#

• (7)、修改slackware的默认shell为/bin/tcsh;

[root@localhost ~]# getent passwd slackware
slackware:x:2002:2019::/home/slackware:/bin/bash
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# usermod -s /bin/tcsh slackware
[root@localhost ~]# getent passwd slackware
slackwware:x:2002:2019::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# chsh -s /bin/tcsh slackware

• (8)、为用户slackware新增附加组admins;
  usermod -a -G admins slackware

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd admins
[root@localhost ~]# usermod -a -G admins slackware
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin),2021(admins)
[root@localhost ~]# 

groupmems -a slackware -g admins

[root@localhost ~]# groupmems -d slackware -g admins
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin)
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# groupmems -a slackware -g admins
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin),2021(admins)
[root@localhost ~]# 

gpasswd -a slackware admins

[root@localhost ~]# id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin),2021(admins)
[root@localhost ~]# gpasswd -d slackware admins
Removing user slackware from group admins
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin)
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# gpasswd -a slackware admins
Adding user slackware to group admins
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin),2021(admins)
[root@localhost ~]# 

架构的小伙伴看这里:
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