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一、动词
①时态错误（过去时/现在时）
eg:
1.Some people even have(had) to wait outside.
解析：have → had
2.I thought(think) I would be happy there.
解析：thought → think
②语态错误（主动/被动）
注意：先翻译句子，后观察该词在句中是主动/被动。
eg: Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.
每天，他都要确保新鲜蔬菜或高质量的油用于烹饪。
解析：using → used，根据句意此处表示被动含义，be used for“被用来去做”。
③主谓不一致
（1）前文所提的主语与后文所述的谓语不一致
eg: 1.The teacher were angry because we had the same answers in the tests.
解析：were → was，The teacher是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。
2.The rest of the trees was cut down.
解析：was → were，rest指的是可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。
（2）集体名词，谓语动词用复数。如：people, cattle, group, family, government, team, police等。
eg: The police is coming this way.
解析：is → are，The police是集体名词，故is → are。
（3）就近原则
常见：neither...nor... / not only...but... / either...or... / not...but...
eg: 1.Not only his parents but also he are crazy about the foreign films.
解析：are → is，该处谓语最近的主语为he是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
2.Because of too much homework,neither you nor James go to the cinema to enjoy the fantastic movie named Ready Player One.
解析：go → goes，该处谓语最近的主语为James是第三人称单数，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。
（4）There be句型
eg: There has a big library in our school.
解析：has → is，某地有某物，表存在用there be句型，且后面跟的是a big library单数。
（5）就远原则
常见：except / with / together with / along with / as well as / including
eg: I as well as he is happy.
解析：is → am，该处谓语最远的主语为I是第一人称，故谓语动词用第一人称am。
（6）缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）
eg: 1.Secondly, I always practice pronunciation and reading and speaking.
解析：Practice → practise，practice的词性是名词,该句中没有与主语I相适应的谓语动词形式故把practice→ practise（practise的词性是动词）则是在句中添加了一个谓语动词。
2.She very beautiful.
解析：在She后加is，补齐主谓宾。
④非谓语错用
（1）谓语动词与非谓语动词区分不清
eg: There are thousands of examples tell us：if we want to succeed,we
need a correct direction.
解析：tell → telling，there be 句型表示存在，是一个完整的句型结构，be动词就是谓语动词，所以句中若出现了其他动词，可以采用非谓语动词形式，因此动词tell不能直接使用原形，而且由于examples 和tell之间是主谓关系，所以要用tell的现在分词形式。
（2）V-ing和V-ed混用
eg: We were exciting to hear the news.
解析：exciting →excited，exciting修饰物，而excited修饰人。
（3）to的多用、少用或误用
eg: 1.When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent to me lots of clothes.
解析：删除to，由lend sb. sth.（借给某人某物）可知，不用to，但如果将sth.放到前面，则用to。
2.This thing belongs me.
解析：在belongs后加to，表示属于。
3.He was tall,with board shoulders and a beard that turned form black towards gray over the years.
解析：towards → to，form ...towards...“从...走向...”，form...to...“从...到...”，根据句意towards → to。
⑤虚拟语气误用
eg: Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.
解析：去掉had，句意：他和我妈妈会喝些东西。这里不是虚拟语气，不能用would have done，用would do表示“过去常常做”。
二、名词
①缺主/宾语，补名词/代词
eg: I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused.But she refused.
解析：在caused后加her，缺少宾语。
②that/those（表示跟上文同类事物比较）
eg: My books are more difficult than of Jerry’s.
解析：在than后加those，缺少代词，代指books。
③反身代词
eg: Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better than they knew it them.
解析：them → themselves，主语是他们，宾语也是他们，宾语的他们用themselves。
④名词前加限定词（冠词，形容词性物主代词，指示代词）
如：a / an / the / my / your / his / her / their / this / that / there / these
eg:
1.An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between
France and England in the balloon in 1784.
解析：the → a，此处指乘坐一个气球横过海洋，第一次提到用a。
2.I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused hers.But she refused.
解析：hers → her，此处为宾语，后无名词，故选用形容词性物主代词。
⑤单复数形式
常见不可数名词：advice / information / fun / equipment / news / furniture / baggage / luggage /
traffic / knowledge / homework / progress / work / paper / food / change / water / joy / hair
常见单复数同形名词：sheep / fish / Chinese / cattle / bison / deer / people / clothes
eg: As for most of us, we missed many chance to earn more money, to get a high position and to realize our dreams.
解析：chance → chances，many后用复数。
三、形容词/副词
①修饰名词或作表语，用形容词。
eg:It was both excited and frightening to be up there！
解析：excited → exciting，主语是形式主语it，真正的主语是to be up there，
主语是物的时候，表语应该用现在分词形式的形容词。
②提示词是形容词，常变副词。
eg: 1.He must be mental disabled.
解析：mental → mentally
2.When I was a very young children,my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.
解析：late → later
③比较级/最高级
eg:1.As for most of us, we missed many chance to earn more money, to get a high position and to realize our dreams.
解析：high → higher，翻译为更高的位置。
2.They were also the best and worse years in my life .
解析：worse → worst，并列结构。
四、句子结构题
①介词+名词
eg:The only reason a man would sell salt a lower price would be because
he was desperate for money.
解析：在salt后加at。
②it作形式主语
It + is +adj. +...（that从句/ to do）这件事儿是什么样子的（什么事儿呢）.....
eg:It took years of work reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water.
解析：在work后加to。
③it作形式宾语
Sb think / find / believe it + adj. +（that从句/ to do）
某人认为/发现/相信这件事是什么样子的，什么事儿呢？.....
eg:I think good to have a balance of viewpoints.
解析：在think后加it。
④并列结构
eg:We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
解析：take → taking
⑤并列逻辑
并列连词有and / or / so / but / however
eg:But the river wasn’t changed in a few days and even a few months.
解析：and → or
注意：because和so/although或though和but不能连用。
⑥固定搭配
⑦三大从句（定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句）
（1）定语从句
定语从句关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语时，用关系代词that / which /who / whose ;定语从句成分完整，就用关系副词when / where / why，介词后面用 which / whom。
※引导词只能用that
1.先行词为不定代词。
some （something / somebody / someone ）
any （anything / anybody / anyone ）
no （nothing / nobody / no one ）
every （everything / everybody / everyone ）
2.先行词指物和人时。
3.先行词前有形容词最高级，序数词修饰时。
4.先行词被all/little/few/none/much/no/the only/the very/the last修饰时。
5.在以which/who为疑问词的特殊疑问句中。
（2）名词性从句
名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句等。名词性从句的连词分为连接词that / whether / if；连接代词 who / whoever / whom / whomever / what / whatever / which等；连接副词 where / wherever / when / whenever / how / however / why 等，从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，则用连接代词；不缺少以上成份，句子意思完整就用that ,不完整就用 whether / if 或其它连接副词。
（3）状语从句
状语从句分类比较多，如：时间状从，地点状从等。但是状语从句在短文改错中是相对容易的，比较容易能找出连词的错误。做题时，我们要理解句子意思，判断在此处应该用什么连词。
