First, thanks to the advancement of the new global revolution of science and technology as well as economic globalization, there are more interexchanges and greater interdependence among various economies.

thanks to  由于  advancement  发展    various economies  各国经济

interexchange 相互交流  interdependence 相互依赖

首先，由于世界新科技革命和经济全球化的发展，各国经济之间的相互交流和相互依存日益加深。

According to the principal of economic comparative advantages, the distribution of industries, the flow of investment and capital and Human Resources mobility know no boundary.

the principal of economic comparative advantages  经济比较优势原则

know no boundary  跨越国界  

Music knows no boundary. 音乐无国界。

按照经济比较优势原则，工业布局、投资和资金的流向和人才流动，往往都跨越国界。

引申：the working capital 流动资金

We are short of working capital.

No country can develop solely on its own in isolation of world economy.

in isolation of  孤立于 

sole 唯一的，单独的   对应副词：solely

任何国家都不可能脱离世界经济而独自发展。

引申：外资企业  solely foreign funded enterprise

合资企业  joint-venture enterprise 

Second, with accelerated industrialization and urbanization, environmental pollution, resources depletion, polarization between the rich and the poor, and the spread of diseases and narcotics have become increasingly serious, posing a grave threat to human survival and sustainable development.

grave    n.坟墓；adj. 严重的 

第二，随着工业化和城市化进程的加快，环境污染、资源短缺、贫富差距加大、疾病和毒品泛滥，已经给人类生存和可持续发展造成了严重威胁。

After a careful learning of modern world history, we know that it is economy and national interests rather than ideologies that underpin the cooperation between big countries.

underpin 打牢基础，夯实基础

学好近代史，我们明白，夯实大国合作基础的，不是意识形态，而是经济和国家利益。

The cooperation between China and the United States, two major countries in the world, shows that countries with different social systems and cultural traditions can co-exist in peace and enjoy common development provided that they set store by the people's fundamental interests.

set store by  看重

provided that 只要 （用语较为正式场合，口语场合用so long as 或 as long as )

中美两个大国的合作表明，不同社会制度、不同文化传统的国家，只要以人民的根本利益为重，就可以和平共处，共同发展。