教大家如何在树莓派上自己动手做一个天气预报。此次教程需要大家有一定的python 基础，没有也没关系，文末我会放出我已写好的代码供大家下载。
首先在开始之前 需要申请高德地图API，去高德地图官网注册一下，然后创建一个天气应用（免费的），得到一个免费key。然后开始撸码了 （说一下，我用的是python 3）
1.下面给出调用高德地图API，获取天气数据的方法。将申请的key替换进url中，再将你的城市代码（网上可查，可以具体到区）替换下即可。
def GetWeatherInfo():
url ="http://restapi.amap.com/v3/weather/weatherInfo?key=xxxxxxxxxxxxx&city=420115&extensions=all"#将xxxxxx替换为你申请的key,city代码替换为你的城市代码try:
html = requests.get(url)
data = json.loads(html.text)
# #将JSON编码的字符串转换回Python数据结构# output result of json# print(data)return data
except:
returnNone
2.系统信息及配置
# coding = utf-8import subprocessimport timeimport os#device :eth0,wlan0def get_ip(device):
ip = subprocess.check_output("ip -4 addr show "+ device +" | grep inet | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d/ -f1", shell = True).strip()
return ip# Return % of CPU used by user as a character string #def getCPUuse():# return(str(os.popen("top -n1 | awk '/Cpu\(s\):/ {print $2}'").readline().strip()))def getCPUuse(): #calculate CPU with two short time, time2 - time1 time1 = os.popen('cat /proc/stat').readline().split()[1:5]
time.sleep(0.2)
time2 = os.popen('cat /proc/stat').readline().split()[1:5]
deltaUsed = int(time2[0])-int(time1[0])+int(time2[2])-int(time1[2])
deltaTotal = deltaUsed + int(time2[3])-int(time1[3])
cpuUsage = float(deltaUsed)/float(deltaTotal)*100return cpuUsagedef net_stat():
net = []
f = open("/proc/net/dev")
lines = f.readlines()
f.close()
forlineinlines[2:]:
con = line.split()
"""
intf = {}
intf['interface'] = con[0].lstrip(":")
intf['ReceiveBytes'] = int(con[1])
intf['ReceivePackets'] = int(con[2])
intf['ReceiveErrs'] = int(con[3])
intf['ReceiveDrop'] = int(con[4])
intf['ReceiveFifo'] = int(con[5])
intf['ReceiveFrames'] = int(con[6])
intf['ReceiveCompressed'] = int(con[7])
intf['ReceiveMulticast'] = int(con[8])
intf['TransmitBytes'] = int(con[9])
intf['TransmitPackets'] = int(con[10])
intf['TransmitErrs'] = int(con[11])
intf['TransmitDrop'] = int(con[12])
intf['TransmitFifo'] = int(con[13])
intf['TransmitFrames'] = int(con[14])
intf['TransmitCompressed'] = int(con[15])
intf['TransmitMulticast'] = int(con[16])
"""
intf = dict(
zip(
( 'interface','ReceiveBytes','ReceivePackets',
'ReceiveErrs','ReceiveDrop','ReceiveFifo',
'ReceiveFrames','ReceiveCompressed','ReceiveMulticast',
'TransmitBytes','TransmitPackets','TransmitErrs',
'TransmitDrop','TransmitFifo','TransmitFrames',
'TransmitCompressed','TransmitMulticast' ),
( con[0].rstrip(":"),int(con[1]),int(con[2]),
int(con[3]),int(con[4]),int(con[5]),
int(con[6]),int(con[7]),int(con[8]),
int(con[9]),int(con[10]),int(con[11]),
int(con[12]),int(con[13]),int(con[14]),
int(con[15]),int(con[16]), )
)
)
net.append(intf)
returnnet
3.主程序。执行文件
#encoding: utf-8import pygameimport timeimport weatherAPI import SystemInfofromdatetimeimport datetime# 显示图片函数def ShowPicture(picturepath,x0,y0):
background=pygame.image.load(picturepath)
background.convert_alpha()
window.blit(background,(x0,y0))
returndef ShowCircle():
pygame.draw.circle(window,pygame.Color(255,255,255),(width/2,height/2),radius,fill)
return# 划线函数，起始坐标，终点坐标def ShowLine(x0,y0,x1,y1):
pygame.draw.line(window,pygame.Color(255,255,255),(x0,y0),(x1,y1),fill)
returnYellow=(255,255,0)
Red=(255,0,0)
LightBlue=(190,190,255)
Green=(0,255,0)
Black=(0,0,0)
White=(255,255,255)# 画框函数def ShowRec(x0,y0,x1,y1,color,fill):
pygame.draw.rect(window,color,(x0,y0,x1,y1),fill)
return# 字符串显示函数def ShowStr(mystring,x0,y0,size):
font=pygame.font.Font('gkai00mp.ttf',size,bold=1)
textSuface=font.render(mystring,1,pygame.Color(255,255,255))
window.blit(textSuface,(x0,y0))
returndef ShowStr2(mystring,x0,y0,size):
font=pygame.font.Font('gkai00mp.ttf',size,bold=1)
textSuface=font.render(mystring,1,pygame.Color(255,255,0))
window.blit(textSuface,(x0,y0))
returndef ShowStr3(mystring,x0,y0,size):
font=pygame.font.Font('gkai00mp.ttf',size,bold=1)
textSuface=font.render(mystring,1,pygame.Color(0,255,0))
window.blit(textSuface,(x0,y0))
return#背景参数设置 width=1280height=800fill=1#初始化背景pygame.init()
window=pygame.display.set_mode((width,height),pygame.FULLSCREEN)#全屏# window=pygame.display.set_mode((width,height))#不全屏window.fill(pygame.Color(0,0,0))# back=pygame.image.load(r"/home/pi/ccj/c.jpg") #图片位置loop=0
last_ip = ip =''updatingtime=""Title_X=width
WeatherValidation=Falsewhile True:
# window.blit(back,(0,0)) #对齐的坐标window.fill(pygame.Color(0,0,0))#背景色0为黑# ShowPicture("a_3.gif",20,450)#draw grids#ShowStr(u"时间",10,20,80)ShowRec(10,10,width-20,height-80,White,1)#画一个大框ShowLine(10,height/5,width-10,height/5)
ShowLine(10,height/5*3,width-10,height/5*3)
ShowLine(width/2,height/5,width/2,height-70)
ShowLine(width/4,height/5*3,width/4,height-70)
ShowLine(width/4*3,height/5*3,width/4*3,height-70)
#time show mylocaltime=time.localtime()
myclock=time.strftime("%H:%M:%S",mylocaltime)#13:15:03 2017-04-21ShowStr(myclock,0,0,180)
mydate=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d",mylocaltime)#2017-04-21ShowStr(mydate,810,5,90)
mytime=time.strftime("%A",mylocaltime)#ThursdayShowStr(mytime,830,90,85)
name ="自动化实验室欢迎您" ShowStr2(name,width/2+10,height/5*2-140,52)
ip = SystemInfo.get_ip('wlan0')
# ip = SystemInfo.get_ip('eth0')cpu_usage =SystemInfo.getCPUuse()
ShowStr(ip,width/2+100,height/5*2-90,48)
ShowStr("ip:",width/2+10,height/5*2-90,52)
#netspeed showNetInfoOld=SystemInfo.net_stat()
time.sleep(1)
NetInfoNew=SystemInfo.net_stat()
DownloadSpeed=(NetInfoNew[0]["ReceiveBytes"]-NetInfoOld[0]["ReceiveBytes"])/1048576#last second total flow -current second total flow UploadSpeed=(NetInfoNew[0]["TransmitBytes"]-NetInfoOld[0]["TransmitBytes"])/1048576 ShowRec(width/2+20,height/5*2-40,DownloadSpeed/10*600+20,48,Green,0)
ShowRec(width/2+20,height/5*2+10,UploadSpeed/10*600+20,48,LightBlue,0)
ShowStr("↓:"+str("%3.2f"%(DownloadSpeed))+"MB/s",width/2+20,height/5*2-40,48)
ShowStr("↑:"+str("%3.2f"%(UploadSpeed))+"MB/s",width/2+20,height/5*2+10,48)
#cpu_usage showShowRec(width/2+20,height/5*2+60,cpu_usage/100*600+60,48,Yellow,0)
ShowStr("CPU usage:"+str("%2d"%cpu_usage)+"%",width/2+20,height/5*2+110,48)
ifloop % 60==0 :
future = datetime.strptime('2019-1-1 00:00:00','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
#当前时间now = datetime.now()
#求时间差delta = future - now
hour = delta.seconds/60/60 minute = delta.seconds/60 seconds = delta.seconds - hour*60*60 - minute*60# print_now=now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')# print("今天是：",print_now)# print("距离 2019-02-01 \"work\" 还剩下：%d天"%delta.days)# print(delta.days,hour, minute, seconds) ShowStr2("倒计时：%dH (%dMin)"%(hour,minute),width/4*2+width/32+20,height/5*3+height/30+235,45)# #########################本地信息获取完成######################################## print ("↓:"+str("%3.1f"%(DownloadSpeed))+"MB/s")# print ("↑:"+str("%3.1f"%(UploadSpeed))+"MB/s")#print("CPU usage:"+str("%2d"%cpu_usage)+"%")# ########weather show####################################ifloop % 10800==0 :#update per 3 hoursjsonArr=weatherAPI.GetWeatherInfo()
ifjsonArr!=None :#记录请求数据时间updatingtime=time.strftime("%H:%M:%S",mylocaltime)
ifjsonArr["status"]!="1":
print(jsonArr["msg"])
WeatherValidation=False
else:
result=jsonArr["forecasts"][0]
WeatherValidation=True
#print (result["city"],result["weather"],result["temp"],result["temphigh"],result["templow"])ifWeatherValidation==True:
# AQI=result["aqi"]# index=result["index"]# index0=index[0]# daily=result["daily"]# day1=daily[1]#明天天气预报# day2=daily[2]#明天天气预报# day3=daily[3]#明天天气预报# day4=daily[4]#明天天气预报 # ## #室外温湿度# ShowPicture("pictures/"+result["img"]+".png",width/16,height/5+150)ShowStr("武汉市",width/32,height/5+10,60)
ShowStr(result["city"],width/32,height/5+80,60)
ShowStr(result["casts"][0]["dayweather"],width/32-25,height/5*2+50,120)
ShowStr(result["casts"][0]["daytemp"]+"℃",width/4,height/5,160)
ShowStr("气温最低："+result["casts"][0]["nighttemp"] +"℃",width/4-10,height/5*2-20,48)
ShowStr("接下来转："+result["casts"][0]["nightweather"],width/4-10,height/5*2+50,48)
# ShowStr("zhesgii",width/2+20,height/5+10,120)ShowStr("风力："+result["casts"][0]["daypower"]+"级",width/4-10,height/5*2+110,48)
# ## #空气质量# ShowStr("PM2.5:",width/2+280,height/5+120,32)# ShowStr(AQI["pm2_5"],width/2+400,height/5-20,200)# ShowStr("空气质量:"+AQI["quality"],width/2+240,height/5*2-40,32)ShowPicture("pictures/"+result["casts"][0]["dayweather"]+".png",width/32+60,height/5+145)
# if Title_X<=-100:# Title_X=width# else:# Title_X=Title_X-40# ShowStr(index0["detail"],Title_X,height-50,40)# #未来几天天气预报ShowStr("明天："+result["casts"][1]["date"],width/32,height/5*3+height/30-10,30)
ShowStr(result["casts"][1]["dayweather"],width/32,height/5*3+height/30+30,50)
ShowStr(result["casts"][2]["daytemp"]+"℃",width/32,height/5*3+height/30+80,70)
ShowStr("气温Min："+result["casts"][1]["nighttemp"] +"℃",width/32-10,height/5*3+height/30+140,45)
ShowStr("未来转："+result["casts"][1]["nightweather"],width/32-10,height/5*3+height/30+180,45)
ShowPicture("pictures/"+result["casts"][1]["dayweather"]+".png",width/32+170,height/5*3+height/30+45)
# ShowPicture("pictures/"+day1["day"]["img"]+".png",width/32,height/5*3+height/10)# ##ShowStr("后天："+result["casts"][2]["date"],width/4+width/32,height/5*3+height/30-10,30)
ShowStr(result["casts"][2]["dayweather"],width/4+width/32,height/5*3+height/30+30,50)
ShowStr(result["casts"][2]["daytemp"]+"℃",width/4+width/32,height/5*3+height/30+80,70)
ShowStr("气温Min："+result["casts"][2]["nighttemp"] +"℃",width/4+width/32-10,height/5*3+height/30+140,45)
ShowStr("未来转："+result["casts"][2]["nightweather"],width/4+width/32-10,height/5*3+height/30+180,45)
ShowPicture("pictures/"+result["casts"][2]["dayweather"]+".png",width/4+width/32+170,height/5*3+height/30+45)
# ShowStr(day2["day"]["weather"],width/4+width/32,height/5*3+height/5-40,100)# ShowStr(day2["day"]["windpower"],width/4+width/32+70,height/5*3+height/10,64)# ShowStr(day2["night"]["templow"]+"~"+day2["day"]["temphigh"]+"℃",width/4+width/32,height-130,64)# ShowPicture("pictures/"+day2["day"]["img"]+".png",width/4+width/32,height/5*3+height/10)# ## ShowStr("大后天："+result["casts"][3]["date"],width/4*2+width/32-25,height/5*3+height/30-10,30)
ShowStr(result["casts"][3]["dayweather"],width/4*2+width/32-25,height/5*3+height/30+30,50)
ShowStr(result["casts"][3]["daytemp"]+"℃",width/4*2+width/32-25,height/5*3+height/30+80,70)
ShowStr("气温Min："+result["casts"][3]["nighttemp"] +"℃",width/4*2+width/32-25,height/5*3+height/30+140,45)
ShowStr("未来转："+result["casts"][3]["nightweather"],width/4*2+width/32-25,height/5*3+height/30+180,45)
ShowPicture("pictures/"+result["casts"][3]["dayweather"]+".png",width/4*2+width/32-25+170,height/5*3+height/30+45)
# ShowStr(day3["day"]["weather"],width/4*2+width/32,height/5*3+height/5-40,100)# ShowStr(day3["day"]["windpower"],width/4*2+width/32+70,height/5*3+height/10,64)# ShowStr(day3["night"]["templow"]+"~"+day2["day"]["temphigh"]+"℃",width/4*2+width/32,height-130,64)# ShowPicture("pictures/"+day3["day"]["img"]+".png",width/4*2+width/32,height/5*3+height/10)# ## ShowPicture("pictures/cj.png",width/4*3+width/32,height/5*3+height/30-15)
# ShowStr(day4["day"]["weather"],width/4*3+width/32,height/5*3+height/5-40,100)# ShowStr(day4["day"]["windpower"],width/4*3+width/32+70,height/5*3+height/10,64)# ShowStr(day4["night"]["templow"]+"~"+day2["day"]["temphigh"]+"℃",width/4*3+width/32,height-130,64)# ShowPicture("pictures/"+day4["day"]["img"]+".png",width/4*3+width/32,height/5*3+height/10)# #记录请求数据时间ShowStr3("Last update:"+updatingtime,width/4*3+15,height/5*3,30)
ShowStr2("这里是滚动字幕显示区，加循环可实现动态效果",width/32-25,height/5*3+height/30+235,45)
#update
pygame.display.update()
loop +=1#全屏#for event in pygame.event.get():# if event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:# running=Falsepygame.quit()
公众号回复 “树莓派天气” 即可下载我为大家打包好的文件。下载好文件以后，解压文件会得到如下文件：1,天气图标文件夹pictures，2,字体文件gkai00mp.ttf，3，系统配置文件SystemInfo.py，4,获取天气数据文件weatherAPI.py，5,主程序pyMain.py 。将这些文件放在同一文件夹下，复制拷贝到树莓派上，为文件夹赋予权限，命令sudo chmod 777 文件夹名。最后终端执行命令运行主程序（sudo python3 pyMain.py）。此时应该就可以看到预报的画面。能看懂代码的人可自行修改 具体显示的背景、颜色、大小、布局、位置 、显示字体大小等。
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