1.payments startup：新型付款公司
2.cheaper mortgage 低额的抵押贷款
3.become overdrawn 开始透支
4.nudge 推动（+to do）
5.retail banking 小额银行存放业务
6.One reason （incumbents have proved so resilient）：在职人员弹性如此大的原因是
此处作为reason 的定语从句；
have proved+形容词=be +形容词，Eg.have proved more resistant 有抵抗力的;
7.landscape ：只欧洲的银行对新型付款公司的信息封闭的情况
形势；情形；情状 A landscape is all the features that are important in a particular situation.
8.Provided the customer has given explicit consent
Provided：=if
give explicit consent 予以明确同意
9.integrated into 综合考虑
10.With access to account data
With access to：获得访问
11.rock-bottom interest rates 基本利率
12.They will not be subject to the same capital and stress-testing requirements banks face: but nor will they be licensed to undertake the riskier business of lending.这些（新型企业）将不会承担传统银行需要面对的资本及压力测试要求，（这也使得）它们将不会得到“承担高额商业贷款”的许可证。
be subject to：收支配于，此处我理解为承受
nor开头的句子要倒装
13.perfect on paper 理论上是完美的
14.teamed up with 与。。。合作
