初中英语语法:倒装句
初中英语语法:倒装句
1 倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有:
(1)在There be结构中。
There are so many things to learn today.
今天有很多东西要学。
(2)表示时间的副词now,then等位于句首,主语是名词。
Now comes a new opportunity , you must seize it.
现在新机会来了,你必须抓住它。
(3)表示方位的副词up,down,in,out,away等放在句首,谓语动词是come,go,run,rush,fly等,主语是名词.
Up went the fireworks into the air.
嗖的一声,焰火上了天。
when the door opened, out rushed the children.
当门打开时,孩子们冲了出去。
(4)介词短语放在句首作状语,谓语动词是lie, stand , sit ,exist , stretch , come等或系动词be,主语是名词时。
At the foot of the mountain lies a clean stream.
山脚下有一条清澈的小溪。
(5)代词such放在句首,句子的谓语动词是be。
Such is what he wanted.
这就是他想要的。
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
2 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
(1) not only位于句首时,引导的句子用部分倒装。
Not only does he like football , but he is also fond of chess
他不但喜欢足球还喜欢象棋。
(2 )not until位于句首时,主句用部分倒装
Not until midnight did his father come back.
直到半夜他的父亲才回来
(3)含有否定意义的的副词或介词短语位于句首时。
Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.
在我的一生中我从未见过一个如此坚决的人。
By no means will I give in to you.
我决不会向你屈服的。
3 以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装
以so/neither起首的倒装句,结构为so/neither+谓语(助动词/be动词/情态动词)+主语,用于说明上文所描述的情况也同样适用于下文的人或物。该结构中谓语动词的选择在形式上要和上文的谓语保持一致,数要由下文的主语来决定。
注意,在“so+谓语+主语”的结构中,主语是另外的人或物,而在“so+主语+谓语”的结构中,主语仍是上文的人或物,表示对 上文所讲事实的肯定或强调,如,She can play the piano, so she can.(她会弹钢琴,她的确会。)
(1)He can sing a lot of English songs, so can she.他会唱很多英语歌曲,她也是。
(2)She speaks English very well, so do I.她英语说得好,我也是。
(3)Li Lei hasn’t read this book, neither has Lin Feng.李蕾没看过这本书,林风也没看过。
5 only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
6 as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。
注意:
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用
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