关于Python的模块

Python的模块

在python中，任何一个python文件都可以看作一个模块
不同包下有相同模块名并不会冲突，且包下必须有文件__init__.py
from lib import * 意思是从包lib中导入所有模块(若lib为模块名则为导入模块的所有函数)
from lib.module1 import test 意思是从lib这个包下的module1模块中导入函数test
import导入模块时会从sys.path输出的结果路径中查找模块然后导入
sys.path.append('D:/xx/xx/xx/code')可以添加搜索路径
使用if __name__ == '__main__':

实例

文件结构如下
{{% fluid_img src="/img/post/python_module_file_tree.png" alt="模块目录结构.png" %}}
测试文件test.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from package1 import * #导入包package1下的所有模块
import package2.module3 #导入包package2下的module3模块
import package2.module4 as s #导入包package2下的module4模块并重命名为s

a = module1.Class1() #创建一个对象
a.test() #调用类中的方法

b = module2.Class2()
b.test()

c = package2.module3.Class3()
c.test()

d = s.Class4()
d.test()

包package1

init.py

#这个文件可以为空

__all__ = ['module1', 'module2'] #有这一句才能使用import *导入所有模块

module1.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

'this is test moudle'

__author__ = 'reber'

import sys

class Class1(object):
    """docstring for Class1"""
    def __init__(self):
        super(Class1, self).__init__()
        
    def test(self):
        print "package1 -> module1.py -> Class1 -> test()"

    def main(self):
        print "this is module1.py main()"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sub11 = Class1()
    sub11.test()
    sub11.main()

module2.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

'this is test moudle'

__author__ = 'reber'

import sys

class Class2(object):
    """docstring for Class1"""
    def __init__(self):
        super(Class2, self).__init__()
        
    def test(self):
        print "package1 -> module2.py -> Class2 -> test()"

    def main(self):
        print "this is module2.py main()"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sub11 = Class2()
    sub11.test()
    sub11.main()

包package2

init.py


__all__ = ['module3', 'module4']

module3.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

'this is test moudle'

__author__ = 'reber'

import sys

class Class3(object):
    """docstring for Class1"""
    def __init__(self):
        super(Class3, self).__init__()
        
    def test(self):
        print "package2 -> module3.py -> Class3 -> test()"

    def main(self):
        print "this is module3.py main()"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sub11 = Class3()
    sub11.test()
    sub11.main()

module4.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

'this is test moudle'

__author__ = 'reber'

import sys

class Class4(object):
    """docstring for Class4"""
    def __init__(self):
        super(Class4, self).__init__()
        
    def test(self):
        print "package2 -> module4.py -> Class4 -> test()"

    def main(self):
        print "this is module4.py main()"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sub11 = Class4()
    sub11.test()
    sub11.main()

执行python test.py结果

python_module_test_result.png

关于Python的模块

Python的模块

实例

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