1.实现原理AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
- AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor加入位置：容器启动的过程中会AnnotationConfigUtils#registerAnnotationConfigProcessors
if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(AUTOWIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
def.setSource(source);
beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, AUTOWIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
}
- AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor调用位置AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#populateBean
for (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessorCache().instantiationAware) {
PropertyValues pvsToUse = bp.postProcessProperties(pvs, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
}
2.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties
@Override
public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
// 解析出bean中带有@Autowired注解、@Inject和@Value注解的属性和方法
InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
try {
// 自动装配，实现依赖注入
metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
}
catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
}
return pvs;
}
3.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#findAutowiringMetadata
private InjectionMetadata findAutowiringMetadata(String beanName, Class<?> clazz, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) {
// Fall back to class name as cache key, for backwards compatibility with custom callers.
String cacheKey = (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) ? beanName : clazz.getName());
// Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking.
InjectionMetadata metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
synchronized (this.injectionMetadataCache) {
metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
if (metadata != null) {
metadata.clear(pvs);
}
metadata = buildAutowiringMetadata(clazz);
this.injectionMetadataCache.put(cacheKey, metadata);
}
}
}
return metadata;
}
- 从缓存中获取注入元数据，并刷新
- 如果从缓存中没有获取到元数据，利用buildAutowiringMetadata获取元数据，并放入缓存
4.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#buildAutowiringMetadata
private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(final Class<?> clazz) {
if (!AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(clazz, this.autowiredAnnotationTypes)) {
return InjectionMetadata.EMPTY;
}
List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new ArrayList<>();
Class<?> targetClass = clazz;
do {
final List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> currElements = new ArrayList<>();
ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, field -> {
MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);
if (ann != null) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);
}
return;
}
boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
currElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));
}
});
ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> {
Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {
return;
}
MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod);
if (ann != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);
}
return;
}
if (method.getParameterCount() == 0) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Autowired annotation should only be used on methods with parameters: " +
method);
}
}
boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
currElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));
}
});
elements.addAll(0, currElements);
targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
}
while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);
return InjectionMetadata.forElements(elements, clazz);
}
- 获取该类及父类的带有@Autowired，@Value，@Inject注解的属性或方法，并放入currElements
- 如果静态方法或变量不支持@Autowired，@Value，@Inject注解
5.InjectionMetadata#inject属性注入
public void inject(Object target, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
Collection<InjectedElement> checkedElements = this.checkedElements;
Collection<InjectedElement> elementsToIterate =
(checkedElements != null ? checkedElements : this.injectedElements);
if (!elementsToIterate.isEmpty()) {
for (InjectedElement element : elementsToIterate) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Processing injected element of bean '" + beanName + "': " + element);
}
element.inject(target, beanName, pvs);
}
}
}
- 主要是遍历各个待注入属性的元信息，并属性注入
- 如果是成员变量注入进入AutowiredFieldElement#inject
- 如果是放入注入进入AutowiredMethodElement#inject
6.AutowiredFieldElement#inject
@Override
protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
Field field = (Field) this.member;
Object value;
// 判断缓存（第一次注入userService的时候，肯定没有缓存，所以会进入到else里面）
// 当第一次注入完成后，会将userService缓存到cachedFieldValue这个属性中，
// 这样当其他的类同样需要注入userService时，就会从这儿的缓存当中读取了。
if (this.cached) {
value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
}
else {
DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
try {
// 通过beanFactory.resolveDependency()方法，来从容器中找到userService属性对应的值。
value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);
}
synchronized (this) {
if (!this.cached) {
if (value != null || this.required) {
this.cachedFieldValue = desc;
registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {
String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) {
this.cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
desc, autowiredBeanName, field.getType());
}
}
}
else {
this.cachedFieldValue = null;
}
this.cached = true;
}
}
}
if (value != null) {
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
field.set(bean, value);
}
}
}
- beanFactory.resolveDependency获取到依赖的值
value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
- 值不为空，通过field.set(bean, value)赋值
7. DefaultListableBeanFactory#resolveDependency
public Object resolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String requestingBeanName,
@Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {
// ParameterNameDiscovery用于解析方法参数名称
descriptor.initParameterNameDiscovery(getParameterNameDiscoverer());
// 1. Optional<T>
if (Optional.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
return createOptionalDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
}
// 2. ObjectFactory<T>、ObjectProvider<T>
else if (ObjectFactory.class == descriptor.getDependencyType() ||
ObjectProvider.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
return new DependencyObjectProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
}
// 3. javax.inject.Provider<T>
else if (javaxInjectProviderClass == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
return new Jsr330Factory().createDependencyProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
}
else {
// 4. @Lazy
Object result = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getLazyResolutionProxyIfNecessary(
descriptor, requestingBeanName);
// 5. 一般情况
if (result == null) {
// 调用逻辑处理
// GO
result = doResolveDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
}
return result;
}
}
8.DefaultListableBeanFactory#doResolveDependency
public Object doResolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String beanName,
@Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {
InjectionPoint previousInjectionPoint = ConstructorResolver.setCurrentInjectionPoint(descriptor);
try {
// 1. 快速查找，根据名称查找。AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor用到
Object shortcut = descriptor.resolveShortcut(this);
if (shortcut != null) {
return shortcut;
}
// 2. 注入指定值，QualifierAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver解析@Value会用到
Class<?> type = descriptor.getDependencyType();
// 用于支持Spring中新增的注解@Value
Object value = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getSuggestedValue(descriptor);
if (value != null) {
if (value instanceof String) {
// 2.1 占位符解析
String strVal = resolveEmbeddedValue((String) value);
BeanDefinition bd = (beanName != null && containsBean(beanName) ?
getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName) : null);
// 2.2 Spring EL 表达式
value = evaluateBeanDefinitionString(strVal, bd);
}
TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());
try {
// 2.3 类型转换
return converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getTypeDescriptor());
}
catch (UnsupportedOperationException ex) {
// A custom TypeConverter which does not support TypeDescriptor resolution...
return (descriptor.getField() != null ?
converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getField()) :
converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getMethodParameter()));
}
}
// 3. 集合依赖，如 Array、List、Set、Map。内部查找依赖也是使用findAutowireCandidates
Object multipleBeans = resolveMultipleBeans(descriptor, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
if (multipleBeans != null) {
return multipleBeans;
}
// 4. 单个依赖查询
// 根据属性类型找到beanFactory中所有类型的匹配bean,
// 返回值的构成为: key=匹配的beanName,value=beanName对应的实例化后的bean(通过getBean(beanName)返回)
// GO
Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);
// 4.1 没有查找到依赖，判断descriptor.require
if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
// 如果autowire的require属性为true而找到的匹配项却为空则只能抛出异常
if (isRequired(descriptor)) {
raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);
}
return null;
}
String autowiredBeanName;
Object instanceCandidate;
// 4.2 有多个，如何过滤
if (matchingBeans.size() > 1) {
// 4.2.1 @Primary -> @Priority -> 方法名称或字段名称匹配
autowiredBeanName = determineAutowireCandidate(matchingBeans, descriptor);
// 4.2.2 根据是否必须，抛出异常。注意这里如果是集合处理，则返回null
if (autowiredBeanName == null) {
if (isRequired(descriptor) || !indicatesMultipleBeans(type)) {
return descriptor.resolveNotUnique(descriptor.getResolvableType(), matchingBeans);
}
else {
// In case of an optional Collection/Map, silently ignore a non-unique case:
// possibly it was meant to be an empty collection of multiple regular beans
// (before 4.3 in particular when we didn't even look for collection beans).
return null;
}
}
instanceCandidate = matchingBeans.get(autowiredBeanName);
}
else {
// We have exactly one match.
Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = matchingBeans.entrySet().iterator().next();
autowiredBeanName = entry.getKey();
instanceCandidate = entry.getValue();
}
// 4.3 到了这，说明有且仅有命中一个
if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
autowiredBeanNames.add(autowiredBeanName);
}
// 4.4 实际上调用 getBean(autowiredBeanName, type)。
if (instanceCandidate instanceof Class) {
instanceCandidate = descriptor.resolveCandidate(autowiredBeanName, type, this);
}
Object result = instanceCandidate;
if (result instanceof NullBean) {
if (isRequired(descriptor)) {
raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);
}
result = null;
}
if (!ClassUtils.isAssignableValue(type, result)) {
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(autowiredBeanName, type, instanceCandidate.getClass());
}
return result;
}
finally {
ConstructorResolver.setCurrentInjectionPoint(previousInjectionPoint);
}
}
9.总结
- @Autowired注解实现是通过AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor后置处理器实现，AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的添加时间是在容器启动的过程中
- @Autowired注解实现是在bean生命周期的属性注入的时候
- 首先获取类及父类带有@Autowired、@Value、@Inject注解的成员变量或方法，生成元信息
- 依次遍历元信息，并属性注入
- 根据类型获取候选的属性，如果有多个，通过@Primary -> @Priority -> 方法名称或字段名称匹配过滤
