小朋友们好，大朋友们好！
我是猫妹，一名爱上Python编程的小学生。
欢迎和猫妹一起，趣味学Python。
今日主题
你玩过游戏吗？
你喜欢玩游戏吗？
手机游戏，电脑游戏，还是游戏机游戏？
pygame是一个跨平台Python库，pygame 作者是 Pete Shinners， 协议为 GNU Lesser General Public License。
pygame官网上有许多游戏，如下图：
咱们今天简单学习下pygame，了解用它做游戏的简单流程。
使用前，需要用pip安装下pygame库。
一、绘制窗口
import sys
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
pygame.init()
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
clock.tick(60)
pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车")
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 800))
screen.fill(WHITE)
pygame.display.update()
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
pygame.display.update()
2行：导入pygame库
3行：导入pygame库中的局部变量
5~7行：定义单个颜色RGB变量
9行：该函数在使用pygame时进行初始化，只有引用了该函数才能使用pygame提供的所用功能。
10行：实例化Clock对象
11行：设置每秒60帧，每秒更新不超过60次。
帧速率是指程序每秒在屏幕上绘制图像的数目，我们可以用FPS来表示它。
一般的计算机都能达到每秒60帧的速度。如果我们把帧速率讲得比较低，游戏会看上去较为卡顿。
pygame.time.Clock对象帮助我们确定程序要以多少最大的帧速率运行。
13行：设置窗口的名称
14行：设置游戏窗口大小
15行：设置窗口填充颜色
16行：刷新屏幕内容显示
18~23行：当玩家点击退出时才会退出，所以是一个循环结构。
19行：获取事件，比如鼠标、键盘等
20行：当用户点击了窗口的关闭，产生事件QUIT
21~22行：退出程序，pygame.quit()是pygame.init()函数的一种相反的函数，它运行的代码会使得Pygame库停止工作。在调用sys.exit()终止程序之前，总是应该先调用pygame.quit()。
23行：刷新屏幕
二、加载游戏界面
import sys, os, random
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GAME_ROOT_FOLDER=os.path.dirname(__file__)
IMAGE_FOLDER=os.path.join(GAME_ROOT_FOLDER, "Images")
pygame.init()
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
clock.tick(60)
pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车")
IMG_ROAD = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Road.png"))
IMG_PLAYER = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Player.png"))
IMG_ENEMY = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Enemy.png"))
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(IMG_ROAD.get_size())
h=IMG_ROAD.get_width()//2
v=IMG_ROAD.get_height() - (IMG_PLAYER.get_height()//2)
player = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
player.image = IMG_PLAYER
player.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_PLAYER.get_size())
player.rect = player.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
hl=IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2
hr=IMG_ROAD.get_width()-(IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2)
h=random.randrange(hl, hr)
v=0
enemy = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
enemy.image = IMG_ENEMY
enemy.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_ENEMY.get_size())
enemy.rect = enemy.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
while True:
screen.blit(IMG_ROAD, (0,0))
screen.blit(player.image, player.rect)
screen.blit(enemy.image, enemy.rect)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
pygame.display.update()
1行：导入sys、os、random
9行：获取当前py文件所在路径
10行：当前py文件夹路径下的Images，此路径存放一些图片
16~18行：加载三张图像数据
(1).使用pygame.image.load()加载图像的数据
(2).使用游戏屏幕对象，调用blit方法将图像绘制到指定位置
(3).调用pygame.display.update()方法更新整个屏幕的显示
要在创建的窗口中按照指定要求显示图片，需要三个步骤：
19行：设置窗口大小
21~26行：设置player信息
精灵（sprite），一种能放在surface上的图片对象，可以进行移动、旋转、删除等操作。
创建sprite对象player，分别设置图像、大小、位置等。
31~34行：设置enemy信息
创建sprite对象enemy，分别设置图像、大小、位置等。
36~38行：使用游戏屏幕对象，调用blit方法将图像绘制到指定位置
三、动起来
import sys, os, random
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from datetime import datetime
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
moveSpeed = 5
GAME_ROOT_FOLDER=os.path.dirname(__file__)
IMAGE_FOLDER=os.path.join(GAME_ROOT_FOLDER, "Images")
pygame.init()
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
clock.tick(60)
pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车")
IMG_ROAD = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Road.png"))
IMG_PLAYER = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Player.png"))
IMG_ENEMY = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Enemy.png"))
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(IMG_ROAD.get_size())
h=IMG_ROAD.get_width()//2
v=IMG_ROAD.get_height() - (IMG_PLAYER.get_height()//2)
player = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
player.image = IMG_PLAYER
player.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_PLAYER.get_size())
player.rect = player.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
hl=IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2
hr=IMG_ROAD.get_width()-(IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2)
h=random.randrange(hl, hr)
v=0
enemy = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
enemy.image = IMG_ENEMY
enemy.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_ENEMY.get_size())
enemy.rect = enemy.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
while True:
screen.blit(IMG_ROAD, (0,0))
screen.blit(player.image, player.rect)
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[K_LEFT] and player.rect.left > 0:
player.rect.move_ip(-moveSpeed, 0)
if player.rect.left < 0:
player.rect.left = 0
if keys[K_RIGHT] and player.rect.right < IMG_ROAD.get_width():
player.rect.move_ip(moveSpeed, 0)
if player.rect.right > IMG_ROAD.get_width():
player.rect.right = IMG_ROAD.get_width()
screen.blit(enemy.image, enemy.rect)
enemy.rect.move_ip(0, moveSpeed)
if (enemy.rect.bottom > IMG_ROAD.get_height()):
hl=IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2
hr=IMG_ROAD.get_width()-(IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2)
h=random.randrange(hl, hr)
v=0
enemy.rect.center = (h, v)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
pygame.display.update()
dt_obj = datetime.now()
millisec = dt_obj.timestamp()
print(millisec)
怎么让游戏动起来呢？
只需要修改两张汽车的照片位置即可，可以用键盘上的左右键控制汽车player的左右移动，另一辆汽车可以自动从上向下移动。
10行：变量moveSpeed用于定义汽车移动速度
41~45行：如果按下了键盘方向键左键，且坐标没有靠近最左边，使其向左移动，否则在窗口最左边不改变。
47~50行：如果按下了键盘方向键右键，且坐标没有靠近最右边，使其向右移动，否则在窗口最右边不改变。
53~59行：汽车enemy从上向下移动，如果移出窗口，则重新生成一个，位置在顶部，横坐标随机。
66~68行：打印时间信息，调试使用
四、碰撞检测
import sys, os, random
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from datetime import datetime
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
moveSpeed = 5
maxSpeed = 10
score = 0
GAME_ROOT_FOLDER=os.path.dirname(__file__)
IMAGE_FOLDER=os.path.join(GAME_ROOT_FOLDER, "Images")
def GameOver():
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
pygame.init()
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
clock.tick(60)
pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车")
IMG_ROAD = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Road.png"))
IMG_PLAYER = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Player.png"))
IMG_ENEMY = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Enemy.png"))
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(IMG_ROAD.get_size())
h=IMG_ROAD.get_width()//2
v=IMG_ROAD.get_height() - (IMG_PLAYER.get_height()//2)
player = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
player.image = IMG_PLAYER
player.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_PLAYER.get_size())
player.rect = player.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
hl=IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2
hr=IMG_ROAD.get_width()-(IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2)
h=random.randrange(hl, hr)
v=0
enemy = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
enemy.image = IMG_ENEMY
enemy.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_ENEMY.get_size())
enemy.rect = enemy.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
while True:
pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车-得分 " + str(score))
screen.blit(IMG_ROAD, (0,0))
screen.blit(player.image, player.rect)
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[K_LEFT] and player.rect.left > 0:
player.rect.move_ip(-moveSpeed, 0)
if player.rect.left < 0:
player.rect.left = 0
if keys[K_RIGHT] and player.rect.right < IMG_ROAD.get_width():
player.rect.move_ip(moveSpeed, 0)
if player.rect.right > IMG_ROAD.get_width():
player.rect.right = IMG_ROAD.get_width()
screen.blit(enemy.image, enemy.rect)
enemy.rect.move_ip(0, moveSpeed)
if (enemy.rect.bottom > IMG_ROAD.get_height()):
hl=IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2
hr=IMG_ROAD.get_width()-(IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2)
h=random.randrange(hl, hr)
v=0
enemy.rect.center = (h, v)
score += 1
if moveSpeed < maxSpeed:
moveSpeed += 1
if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(player, enemy):
GameOver()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
pygame.display.update()
# dt_obj = datetime.now()
# millisec = dt_obj.timestamp()
# print(millisec)
11行：对面汽车的最大速度
12行：定义变量用于保存玩家分数
15行：定义一个函数，当玩家汽车和对面汽车接触时退出游戏
43行：窗口标题栏会显示玩家当前的分数
66行：每躲过一个对面的小汽车时，分数加1
67~68行：每躲过一个对面的小汽车时，对面小汽车速度加1，直到最大值
69~70：检测两个精灵对象是否接触，如果接触，退出游戏
五、Game Over
import sys, os, random, time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
startSpeed = 5
moveSpeed = startSpeed
maxSpeed = 10
score = 0
eNum = -1
paused = False
GAME_ROOT_FOLDER=os.path.dirname(__file__)
IMAGE_FOLDER=os.path.join(GAME_ROOT_FOLDER, "Images")
def GameOver():
textFonts = ['comicsansms','arial']
textSize = 48
fontGameOver = pygame.font.SysFont(textFonts, textSize)
textGameOver = fontGameOver.render("Game Over!", True, RED)
rectGameOver = textGameOver.get_rect()
rectGameOver.center = (IMG_ROAD.get_width()//2,
IMG_ROAD.get_height()//2)
screen.fill(BLACK)
screen.blit(textGameOver, rectGameOver)
pygame.display.update()
player.kill()
enemy.kill()
time.sleep(5)
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
pygame.init()
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
clock.tick(60)
pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车")
IMG_ROAD = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Road.png"))
IMG_PLAYER = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Player.png"))
IMG_ENEMIES = []
IMG_ENEMIES.append(pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Enemy.png")))
IMG_ENEMIES.append(pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Enemy2.png")))
IMG_ENEMIES.append(pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Enemy3.png")))
IMG_ENEMIES.append(pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "IceCube.png")))
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(IMG_ROAD.get_size())
h=IMG_ROAD.get_width()//2
v=IMG_ROAD.get_height() - (IMG_PLAYER.get_height()//2)
player = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
player.image = IMG_PLAYER
player.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_PLAYER.get_size())
player.rect = player.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
while True:
pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车-得分 " + str(score))
screen.blit(IMG_ROAD, (0,0))
screen.blit(player.image, player.rect)
if eNum == -1:
eNum = random.randrange(0, len(IMG_ENEMIES))
hl=IMG_ENEMIES[eNum].get_width()//2
hr=IMG_ROAD.get_width()-(IMG_ENEMIES[eNum].get_width()//2)
h=random.randrange(hl, hr)
v=0
enemy = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
enemy.image = IMG_ENEMIES[eNum]
enemy.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_ENEMIES[eNum].get_size())
enemy.rect = enemy.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if paused:
if not keys[K_SPACE]:
moveSpeed=tempSpeed
paused=False
else:
if keys[K_LEFT] and player.rect.left > 0:
player.rect.move_ip(-moveSpeed, 0)
if player.rect.left < 0:
player.rect.left = 0
if keys[K_RIGHT] and player.rect.right < IMG_ROAD.get_width():
player.rect.move_ip(moveSpeed, 0)
if player.rect.right > IMG_ROAD.get_width():
player.rect.right = IMG_ROAD.get_width()
if keys[K_SPACE]:
tempSpeed=moveSpeed
moveSpeed=0
paused=True
screen.blit(enemy.image, enemy.rect)
enemy.rect.move_ip(0, moveSpeed)
if (enemy.rect.bottom > IMG_ROAD.get_height()):
enemy.kill()
eNum = -1
score += 1
moveSpeed += 1
if moveSpeed < maxSpeed:
moveSpeed += 1
if eNum >= 0 and pygame.sprite.collide_rect(player, enemy):
if eNum == 3:
moveSpeed = startSpeed
else:
GameOver()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
pygame.display.update()
5行：开始速度
22~40行：将游戏结束时，显示Game Over
16行：对面汽车索引
17行：是否暂停
49~53行：对面障碍物，是四个图片中的一个，随机出现
68~78行：随机产生一个障碍物
81~84行：空格键松开时，恢复对面车的运动速度，游戏暂停结束
94~97行：空格键按下时，保存当前对面车的速度，游戏开始暂停
102~108行：当对面车移除游戏窗口时，销毁它
111~112行：当遇到特殊的车，速度降低到原始速度
源码
有朋友需要图片、源码等资源的话，可以点击阅读原文，然后输入6666
好了，我们今天就学到这里吧！
如果遇到什么问题，咱们多多交流，共同解决。
我是猫妹，咱们下次见！
