LVM分区流程图
在使用fdisk/parted等分区工具对硬盘分区之后，是否使用LVM由用户决定 ：
1）可以直接对分区后的硬盘进行格式化操作，之后挂载分区；
2）也可以先用LVM逻辑卷管理工具对分区后的物理卷进行管理，之后再对逻辑卷进行格式化操作，之后挂载分区。（ LVM的分区类型为8e）
LVM结构图
1. 手动添加物理硬盘
对硬盘进行分区
- 使用fdisk -l 查看添加的物理硬盘
[root@collector13 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000445d4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 1026048 41943039 20458496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.8 GB, 18756927488 bytes, 36634624 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/vdb: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes, 4194304000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- 使用fdisk /dev/vdb 进行分区
[root@collector13 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x88cd1926.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes, 4194304000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x88cd1926
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-4194303999, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303999, default 4194303999):
Using default value 4194303999
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 TiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@collector13 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000445d4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 1026048 41943039 20458496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.8 GB, 18756927488 bytes, 36634624 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/vdb: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes, 4194304000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x88cd1926
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 4194303999 2097150976 8e Linux LVM
- 对分区执行LVM操作
[root@collector13 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1
Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.
[root@collector13 ~]# vgcreate vg_data /dev/vdb1
Volume group "vg_data" successfully created
[root@collector13 ~]# lvcreate -l +100%FREE -n lv_data vg_data
Logical volume "lv_data" created.
[root@collector11 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_data/lv_data
LV Name lv_data
VG Name vg_data
LV UUID dApUBU-pHWI-D4Ar-IvpK-GVnk-yq17-AcN6Q7
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time collector11, 2018-10-16 01:53:24 -0400
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 1.95 TiB
Current LE 511999
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID 32jIrc-Qdvd-7M8u-Dp3T-lEJW-HJ0j-wbBm38
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time host-10-10-4-179, 2018-06-20 03:44:23 -0400
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID 4AV4CF-25lk-RDt5-dnzi-KET7-wglP-fTaLWD
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time host-10-10-4-179, 2018-06-20 03:44:24 -0400
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <17.47 GiB
Current LE 4472
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
- 格式化分区
[root@collector13 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_data/lv_data
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072000 inodes, 524286976 blocks
26214348 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2671771648
16000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848, 512000000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
- 挂载分区到指定目录
[root@collector13 ~]# mkdir /data
[root@collector13 ~]# mount /dev/vg_data/lv_data /data
- 修改/etc/fstab 启动自动挂载硬盘
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Jun 20 03:44:25 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-swap none swap sw,comment=cloudconfig 0 0
/dev/vg_data/lv_data /data ext4 defaults 0 0
LVM扩容根目录
- 查看磁盘状态 fdisk -l
如下linux根目录才20G，太小了，不能满足业务需求。新加了一个500G硬盘，用于扩容根目录。
[root@collector13 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000445d4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 1026048 41943039 20458496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.8 GB, 18756927488 bytes, 36634624 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/vdd: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- 创建新的分区
这部分参考上面有介绍
fdisk /dev/hda
n
l #选择逻辑分区，如果没有，则首先创建扩展分区，然后再添加逻辑分区（硬盘：最多四个分区P-P-P-P或P-P-P-E）
6 #分区号（从5开始），/dev/hda6
t 8e #分区类型8e表示LVM分区
w #写入分区表
partprobe #重读分区表
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_data/lv_data #格式化 ,如果是扩展根目录，则不需要格式化
partx /dev/hda #查看当前硬盘的分区表及使用情况
- 创建PV，扩容VG，LV
- 创建PV
[root@collector13 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vdd: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xaacdf342
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdd1 2048 1048575999 524286976 8e Linux LVM
[root@collector13 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdd1
Physical volume "/dev/vdd1" successfully created.
2)扩容LG
扩容前先查看先要扩容的VG。例如使用如下的VG Name：centos
把刚刚的硬盘分区挂载到要扩容的VG。
[root@collector13 ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/vda2
VG Name centos
PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Free PE 10
Allocated PE 4984
PV UUID St079E-R9o3-S5aA-FP0n-R0p3-QRxp-hgF02n
扩容VG
[root@collector13 ~]# vgextend centos /dev/vdd1
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
3)扩容LV
[root@collector13 ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <17.47 GiB (4472 extents) to 517.50 GiB (132481 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
或者可以使用如下命令
如果不希望把硬盘所有的空间全部分布可以定做分配
lvextend -L +100g /dev/centos/root
- 格式化 但是有报错信息
[root@collector13 ~]# resize2fs /dev/centos/root
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/centos/root
Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.
如果要扩容的分区是xfs文件系统类型，执行resize2fs时，可能会报错：
需要执行xfs_growfs命令执行扩展操作。
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data 2.0T 81M 1.9T 1% /data
[root@collector13 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=1144832 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4579328, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4579328 to 135660544
[root@collector13 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 518G 1.5G 517G 1% /
devtmpfs 63G 0 63G 0% /dev
tmpfs 63G 0 63G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 63G 8.7M 63G 1% /run
tmpfs 63G 0 63G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 497M 192M 306M 39% /boot
tmpfs 13G 0 13G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data 2.0T 81M 1.9T 1% /data
通过以上，根目录扩展完成。
