Some of the teachers make it complicated.

形容词和副词能做什么成分， 分词就能做什么成分。

一个好茶杯。
A nice cup is on the desk.

打碎了的茶杯。
A broken cup is on the floor.

她是正在读书的。
She is reading.
She is pretty.

他是正在跑步的。
He is running.

他是正在跑步的。
He is running away.

不是那个读书的女孩。
Not that reading girl.

那个正在跑的男孩。
The running boy.

形容词做表语，做定语，做宾补。

I find that the boy is tall.

I find him tall.

我发现他准备跑。
I find him to go.

我发现他正准备跑路。
I find him running away.

The　boy is awake.
Awaking boy.

他是正在学习的。
He is studying.
他是正在学习英语的。
He is studying English.

我发现这只小狗正在跑。
I　found　the dog running.

非延续性动词ing表将来。
我发现这狗快死了。
I found the dog dying.
他快走了。
He is going.

他已经走了。
He is gone.

中国是正在发展的。
China is　developing.

单词做定语放在修饰词之前
a clever boy

短语做定语放在修饰词之后
a boy at home

A cup on the desk.

The girl gone with a mobile is beautiful.

The girl in the classroom

The girl with glasses

The broken cup.

The cup broken by my brother is expensive.

我用打篮球来提起他的精神。
I interested him in playing basketball.
He is interested in playing basketball.

这个有趣的电影使我感兴趣。
The interesting story interests me.

I am interested in the interesting story.

Please my sister.

She is pleased by me.

A pleasing boy

I please you.

You are pleased.

对打篮球感兴趣的男孩很帅。
The boy interested in playing basketball is handsome.

The girl reading newspaper is beautiful.

The old man looking after bicycles.

对打篮球感兴趣的男孩正在打篮球。
The boy interested in playing basketball is playing basketball.

副词做状语。分词起着副词的作用。

He did homework in the classroom.
他边做作业边唱歌。
He did homework singing.

He is doing homework singing.

看到他之后，狗就跑了。
Having seen him, the dog run away.

被啼哭的婴儿打碎的杯子在桌子上
The cup broken by the crying baby is on the table.

The girl pleased with a ring bought by his boy friend stop crying.

她上气不接下气的告诉我那件事。
She told me that breathing.

这个男孩和他的父母一起去公园，心里充满了快乐 (伴随状语修饰全句)
The boy is going to the park with his parents, full of happy.

宾补
I heared his sister singing first, and then laughing.