1、设置label的字体、颜色、背景色、宽、高
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
labelfont = ('times', 20, 'bold') # family, size, style
widget = Label(root, text='Hello config world')
widget.config(bg='black', fg='yellow') # yellow text on black label
widget.config(font=labelfont) # use a larger font
widget.config(height=3, width=20) # initial size: lines,chars
widget.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)
root.mainloop()
2、bd设置边框、relief=设置边框类型，cursor鼠标

image.png

3、设置BUTTON的边框、边框类型、鼠标、字体等
from tkinter import *
widget = Button(text='Spam', padx=10, pady=10)
widget.pack(padx=20, pady=20)
widget.config(cursor='gumby')
widget.config(bd=8, relief=RAISED)
widget.config(bg='dark green', fg='white')
widget.config(font=('helvetica', 20, 'underline italic'))
mainloop()
4、三个窗口
import sys
from tkinter import Toplevel, Button, Label

win1 = Toplevel() # two independent windows
win2 = Toplevel() # but part of same process

Button(win1, text='Spam', command=sys.exit).pack()
Button(win2, text='SPAM', command=sys.exit).pack()

Label(text='Popups').pack() # on default Tk() root window
win1.mainloop()
5、创建两个窗口，不要显示根窗口
import tkinter
from tkinter import Tk, Button
tkinter.NoDefaultRoot()

win1 = Tk() # two independent root windows
win2 = Tk()

Button(win1, text='Spam', command=win1.destroy).pack()
Button(win2, text='SPAM', command=win2.destroy).pack()
win1.mainloop()
6、Tk()根窗口，Toplevel(root)子窗口，protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',lambda:None)点关闭按钮无效,iconbitmap窗口图标，root.quit
from tkinter import *
root = Tk() # explicit root

trees = [('The Larch!', 'light blue'),
('The Pine!', 'light green'),
('The Giant Redwood!', 'red')]

for (tree, color) in trees:
win = Toplevel(root) # new window
win.title('Sing...') # set border
win.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', lambda:None) # ignore close

win.iconbitmap('py-blue-trans-out.ico') # not red Tk

msg = Button(win, text=tree, command=win.destroy)           # kills one win
msg.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)
msg.config(padx=10, pady=10, bd=10, relief=RAISED)
msg.config(bg='black', fg=color, font=('times', 30, 'bold italic'))

root.title('Lumberjack demo')
Label(root, text='Main window', width=30).pack()
Button(root, text='Quit All', command=root.quit).pack() # kills all app
root.mainloop()
7、窗口状态

image.png

8、子窗口获得根窗口
theframe.master.xxxx
9、
"""
pop up three new windows, with style
destroy() kills one window, quit() kills all windows and app (ends mainloop);
top-level windows have title, icon, iconify/deiconify and protocol for wm events;
there always is an application root window, whether by default or created as an
explicit Tk() object; all top-level windows are containers, but they are never
packed/gridded; Toplevel is like Frame, but a new window, and can have a menu;
"""

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *

def callback():
if askyesno('Verify', 'Do you really want to quit?'):
showwarning('Yes', 'Quit not yet implemented')
else:
showinfo('No', 'Quit has been cancelled')

errmsg = 'Sorry, no Spam allowed!'
Button(text='Quit', command=callback).pack(fill=X)
Button(text='Spam', command=(lambda: showerror('Spam', errmsg))).pack(fill=X)
mainloop()
showerror,showwarning,showinfo,askyesno,askyesno
10、askopenfilename ,askcolor,askquestion,showerror,askfloat
"""
a Quit button that verifies exit requests;
to reuse, attach an instance to other GUIs, and re-pack as desired
"""

from tkinter import * # get widget classes
from tkinter.messagebox import askokcancel # get canned std dialog

class Quitter(Frame): # subclass our GUI
def init(self, parent=None): # constructor method
Frame.init(self, parent)
self.pack()
widget = Button(self, text='Quit', command=self.quit)
widget.pack(side=LEFT, expand=YES, fill=BOTH)

def quit(self):
    ans = askokcancel('Verify exit', "Really quit?")
    if ans: Frame.quit(self)

if name == 'main': Quitter().mainloop()

define a name:callback demos table

from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename # get standard dialogs
from tkinter.colorchooser import askcolor # they live in Lib\tkinter
from tkinter.messagebox import askquestion, showerror
from tkinter.simpledialog import askfloat

demos = {
'Open': askopenfilename,
'Color': askcolor,
'Query': lambda: askquestion('Warning', 'You typed "rm *"\nConfirm?'),
'Error': lambda: showerror('Error!', "He's dead, Jim"),
'Input': lambda: askfloat('Entry', 'Enter credit card number')
}

"create a bar of simple buttons that launch dialog demos"

from tkinter import * # get base widget set

class Demo(Frame):
def init(self, parent=None, **options):
Frame.init(self, parent, **options)
self.pack()
Label(self, text="Basic demos").pack()
for (key, value) in demos.items():
Button(self, text=key, command=value).pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH)
Quitter(self).pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH)

if name == 'main': Demo().mainloop()
11、弹出框，设置背景颜色
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.colorchooser import askcolor

def setBgColor():
(triple, hexstr) = askcolor()
if hexstr:
print(hexstr)
push.config(bg=hexstr)

root = Tk()
push = Button(root, text='Set Background Color', command=setBgColor)
push.config(height=3, font=('times', 20, 'bold'))
push.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)
root.mainloop()
12、win.focus_set(),grab_set
import sys
from tkinter import *
makemodal = (len(sys.argv) > 1)

def dialog():
win = Toplevel() # make a new window
Label(win, text='Hard drive reformatted!').pack() # add a few widgets
Button(win, text='OK', command=win.destroy).pack() # set destroy callback
if makemodal:
win.focus_set() # take over input focus,
win.grab_set() # disable other windows while I'm open,
win.wait_window() # and wait here until win destroyed
print('dialog exit') # else returns right away

root = Tk()
Button(root, text='popup', command=dialog).pack()
root.mainloop()
13、
from tkinter import *
msg = Message(text="Oh by the way, which one's Pink?")
msg.config(bg='pink', font=('times', 16, 'italic'))
msg.pack(fill=X, expand=YES)
mainloop()
14、
from tkinter import *
from quitter import Quitter

def fetch():
print('Input => "%s"' % ent.get()) # get text

root = Tk()
ent = Entry(root)
ent.insert(0, 'Type words here') # set text
ent.pack(side=TOP, fill=X) # grow horiz

ent.focus() # save a click
ent.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: fetch())) # on enter key
btn = Button(root, text='Fetch', command=fetch) # and on button
btn.pack(side=LEFT)
Quitter(root).pack(side=RIGHT)
root.mainloop()
////////Entry
15、设置模态：

image.png

16、

check buttons, the hard way (without variables)

from tkinter import *
states = [] # change object not name
def onPress(i): # keep track of states
states[i] = not states[i] # changes False->True, True->False

root = Tk()
for i in range(10):
chk = Checkbutton(root, text=str(i), command=(lambda i=i: onPress(i)) )
chk.pack(side=LEFT)
states.append(False)
root.mainloop()
print(states) # show all states on exit
17\ intvar???

check buttons, the easy way

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
states = []
for i in range(10):
var = IntVar()
chk = Checkbutton(root, text=str(i), variable=var)
chk.pack(side=LEFT)
states.append(var)
root.mainloop() # let tkinter keep track
print([var.get() for var in states]) # show all states on exit (or map/lambda)

alternatives

print(list(map(IntVar.get, states)))

print(list(map(lambda var: var.get(), states)))

18、
"""
4 demo class components (subframes) on one window;
there are 5 Quitter buttons on this one window too, and each kills entire gui;
GUIs can be reused as frames in container, independent windows, or processes;
"""

from tkinter import *
from quitter import Quitter
demoModules = ['demoDlg', 'demoCheck', 'demoRadio', 'demoScale']
parts = []

def addComponents(root):
for demo in demoModules:
module = import(demo) # import by name string
part = module.Demo(root) # attach an instance
part.config(bd=2, relief=GROOVE) # or pass configs to Demo()
part.pack(side=LEFT, expand=YES, fill=BOTH) # grow, stretch with window
parts.append(part) # change list in-place

def dumpState():
for part in parts: # run demo report if any
print(part.module + ':', end=' ')
if hasattr(part, 'report'):
part.report()
else:
print('none')

root = Tk() # make explicit root first
root.title('Frames')
Label(root, text='Multiple Frame demo', bg='white').pack()
Button(root, text='States', command=dumpState).pack(fill=X)
Quitter(root).pack(fill=X)
addComponents(root)
root.mainloop()
19\ imagebutton
gifdir = "../gifs/"
from tkinter import *
win = Tk()
igm = PhotoImage(file=gifdir + "ora-pp.gif")
Button(win, image=igm).pack()
win.mainloop()
20
gifdir = "../gifs/"
from tkinter import *
win = Tk()
img = PhotoImage(file=gifdir + "ora-lp4e.gif")
can = Canvas(win)
can.pack(fill=BOTH)
can.create_image(2, 2, image=img, anchor=NW) # x, y coordinates
win.mainloop()
21\ PIL处理图像

image.png

22、pil
"""
show one image with PIL photo replacement object
handles many more image types; install PIL first: placed in Lib\site-packages
"""

import os, sys
from tkinter import *
from PIL.ImageTk import PhotoImage # <== use PIL replacement class
# rest of code unchanged
imgdir = 'images'
imgfile = 'florida-2009-1.jpg' # does gif, jpg, png, tiff, etc.
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
imgfile = sys.argv[1]
imgpath = os.path.join(imgdir, imgfile)

win = Tk()
win.title(imgfile)
imgobj = PhotoImage(file=imgpath) # now JPEGs work!
Label(win, image=imgobj).pack()
win.mainloop()
print(imgobj.width(), imgobj.height()) # show size in pixels on exit
23 pil 显示目录下所有图片
"""
display all images in a directory in pop-up windows
GIFs work in basic tkinter, but JPEGs will be skipped without PIL
"""

import os, sys
from tkinter import *
from PIL.ImageTk import PhotoImage # <== required for JPEGs and others

imgdir = 'images'
if len(sys.argv) > 1: imgdir = sys.argv[1]
imgfiles = os.listdir(imgdir) # does not include directory prefix

main = Tk()
main.title('Viewer')
quit = Button(main, text='Quit all', command=main.quit, font=('courier', 25))
quit.pack()
savephotos = []

for imgfile in imgfiles:
imgpath = os.path.join(imgdir, imgfile)
win = Toplevel()
win.title(imgfile)
try:
imgobj = PhotoImage(file=imgpath)
Label(win, image=imgobj).pack()
print(imgpath, imgobj.width(), imgobj.height()) # size in pixels
savephotos.append(imgobj) # keep a reference
except:
errmsg = 'skipping %s\n%s' % (imgfile, sys.exc_info()[1])
Label(win, text=errmsg).pack()

main.mainloop()
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