创建线程池
Executor框架
Executor接口里只有一个
execute方法
,执行Runnanble任务。ExecutorService接口扩展了Executor,添加了线程生命周期的管理,提供终止任务、返回任务结果等方法。
AbstractExecutorService类实现了ExecutorService,提供了例如
submit方法
的默认实现逻辑。ThreadPoolExecutor类继承了AbstractExecutorService,提供线程池的具体实现,实际使用时选它。
构造方法
ThreadPoolExecutor的构造函数参数如下
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
}
corePoolSize
线程池的目标大小,刚创建时的线程池就这么大
maximumPoolSize
线程池的最大上限
keepAliveTime
线程存活时间。当线程数量大于maximumPoolSize,超出存活时间的线程会被回收
预设的线程池
在ThreadPoolExecutor基础上有几种预先设定好的线程池,分别是
- newFixedThreadPool
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
corePoolSize
和maximumPoolSize
都被传入同一数值,keepAliveTime
为0
。因此,线程池一旦创建线程数量不会变。
- newSingleThreadExecutor
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
是newFixedThreadPool
的线程数固定为1
的版本,并且线程数量不能被配置。
- newCachedThreadPool
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
它会创建一个会缓存的线程池,线程数从0到无限,超时1分钟。当有空闲线程时就用,没有就创建新的。(这个好TM灵活啊)
- newScheduledThreadPool
源码
Timer
的替代品,能定期或延迟执行任务。(貌似跟主题不相关,先摸了)
等待与饱和
等待队列
线程池大小或是系统资源是有限的,当任务的处理速度跟不上提交速度,就会有Runnanble被阻塞、等待执行,这就形成了阻塞队列BlockingQueue
。
它的几种实现方式
-
ArrayBlockingQueue
:数组结构的阻塞队列 -
LinkedBlockingQueue
:链表结构的阻塞队列 -
PriorityBlockingQueue
:有优先级的阻塞队列 -
SynchronousQueue
:不会存储元素的阻塞队列
newChachedThreadPool能接受无限多任务,因此使用SynchronousQueue
就很合理。
但是其他队列的话,如果被填满了不能接收新任务时怎么办?可用下面的饱和策略解决。
饱和策略
ThreadExecutorPool的饱和策略通过传入RejectedExecutionHandler
实现
- 默认,AbortPolicy
private static final RejectedExecutionHandler defaultHandler = new AbortPolicy();
public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
public AbortPolicy() { }
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() + " rejected from " + e.toString());
}
}
AbortPolicy是默认实现,直接抛出一个RejectedExecutionException
异常,让调用者自己处理。
- 抛弃,DiscardPolicy
public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
if (!e.isShutdown()) {
e.getQueue().poll();
e.execute(r);
}
}
}
DiscardPolicy的```rejectedExecution``直接是空方法,什么也不干,如果队列满了,后续的任务都抛弃掉。
- 踢掉最老的,DiscardOldestPolicy
public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
if (!e.isShutdown()) {
e.getQueue().poll();
e.execute(r);
}
}
}
DiscardOldestPolicy会把等待队列里最最旧的任务干掉,让新的任务进来
- 放着让主线程来!CallerRunsPolicy
public static class CallerRunsPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
public CallerRunsPolicy() { }
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
if (!e.isShutdown()) {
r.run();
}
}
}
CallerRunsPolicy会让主线程来执行这个任务,贼6!
线程工厂 ThreadFactory
线程都是工厂创建的,如果不为ThreadPoolExecutor
设定线程工厂,就会默认用defaultThreadFactory
:
public static ThreadFactory defaultThreadFactory() {
return new DefaultThreadFactory();
}
static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
private final ThreadGroup group;
private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
private final String namePrefix;
DefaultThreadFactory() {
SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :
Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
namePrefix = "pool-" +
poolNumber.getAndIncrement() +
"-thread-";
}
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(group, r,
namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),
0);
if (t.isDaemon())
t.setDaemon(false);
if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
return t;
}
}
打印线程名称出现的类似pool-1-thread-1
可以在这里设定格式;创建的线程也都是非守护线程。如果需要更改,实现ThreadFactory
后传给ThreadPoolExecutor
即可。
使用线程池
未完成