实验目的及要求
实验目的
通过验证性操作及用编程实现DES加强对分组密码算法原理的理解和掌握;从全局的角度审视算法,练习动手实现能力,体会算法实现过程;理论结合实践,获得对密码算法更直观的感受。
实验要求
在实现基本加解密的情况下,考虑实现逐步展示加密过程、轮密钥生成、用户界面等功能。
实验原理
DES算法原理
实验环境(使用的软件)
Visual Studio 2019
实验内容
分组密码算法设计实验(自选编程环境)
请用已掌握的编程语言设计一个程序,实现DES密钥生成和加密、解密过程。
实验过程(实验步骤、记录、数据、分析)
DES算法设计
DES算法主体分为三个部分:
IP置换与IP逆置换、F函数、密钥编排。
IP置换与IP逆置换
int IP_table[8][8] = { 58,50,42,34,26,18,10,2,
60,52,44,36,28,20,12,4,
62,54,46,38,30,22,14,6,
64,56,48,40,32,24,16,8,
57,49,41,33,25,17,9,1,
59,51,43,35,27,19,11,3,
61,53,45,37,29,21,13,5,
63,55,47,39,31,23,15,7 };
int IP_1table[8][8] = { 40,8,48,16,56,24,64,32,
39,7,47,15,55,23,63,31,
38,6,46,14,54,22,62,30,
37,5,45,13,53,21,61,29,
36,4,44,12,52,20,60,28,
35,3,43,11,51,19,59,27,
34,2,42,10,50,18,58,26,
33,1,41,9,49,17,57,25 };
string IP(string s)//明文初始置换
{
string rs = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
{
rs += s[IP_table[i][j] - 1];
}
}
return rs;
}
string IP_1(string s)//明文最后置换
{
string rs = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
{
rs += s[IP_1table[i][j] - 1];
}
}
return rs;
}
F函数:扩展置换、密钥加、S盒、P盒
//扩展置换
int E[8][6] = { 32,1,2,3,4,5,
4,5,6,7,8,9,
8,9,10,11,12,13,
12,13,14,15,16,17,
16,17,18,19,20,21,
20,21,22,23,24,25,
24,25,26,27,28,29,
28,29,30,31,32,1 };
string Extend(string s)
{
string rs = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++)
{
rs += s[E[i][j] - 1];
}
}
return rs;
}
//密钥加
string XOR(string s1, string s2)
{
string rs = "";
for (int i = 0; i < s1.length() && i < s2.length(); i++)
{
rs += ((s1[i] - '0') ^ (s2[i] - '0')) + '0';
}
return rs;
}
//代换盒
int S[8][4][16] = { {{14,4,13,1,2,15,11,8,3,10,6,12,5,9,0,7},{0,15,7,4,14,2,13,1,10,6,12,11,9,5,3,8},{4,1,14,8,13,6,2,11,15,12,9,7,3,10,5,0},{15,12,8,2,4,9,1,7,5,11,3,14,10,0,6,13}},
{{15,1,8,14,6,11,3,4,9,7,2,13,12,0,5,10},{3,13,4,7,15,2,8,14,12,0,1,10,6,9,11,5},{ 0,14,7,11,10,4,13,1,5,8,12,6,9,3,2,15},{ 13,8,10,1,3,15,4,2,11,6,7,12,0,5,14,9}},
{{10,0,9,14,6,3,15,5,1,13,12,7,11,4,2,8},{13,7,0,9,3,4,6,10,2,8,5,14,12,11,15,1},{13,6,4,9,8,15,3,0,11,1,2,12,5,10,14,7},{1,10,13,0,6,9,8,7,4,15,14,3,11,5,2,12}},
{{7,13,14,3,0,6,9,10,1,2,8,5,11,12,4,15},{13,8,11,5,6,15,0,3,4,7,2,12,1,10,14,9},{10,6,9,0,12,11,7,13,15,1,3,14,5,2,8,4},{3,15,0,6,10,1,13,8,9,4,5,11,12,7,2,14}},
{{2,12,4,1,7,10,11,6,8,5,3,15,13,0,14,9},{14,11,2,12,4,7,13,1,5,0,15,10,3,9,8,6},{4,2,1,11,10,13,7,8,15,9,12,5,6,3,0,14},{11,8,12,7,1,14,2,13,6,15,0,9,10,4,5,3}},
{{12,1,10,15,9,2,6,8,0,13,3,4,14,7,5,11},{10,15,4,2,7,12,9,5,6,1,13,14,0,11,3,8},{9,14,15,5,2,8,12,3,7,0,4,10,1,13,11,6},{4,3,2,12,9,5,15,10,11,14,1,7,6,0,8,13}},
{{4,11,2,14,15,0,8,13,3,12,9,7,5,10,6,1},{13,0,11,7,4,9,1,10,14,3,5,12,2,15,8,6},{1,4,11,13,12,3,7,14,10,15,6,8,0,5,9,2},{6,11,13,8,1,4,10,7,9,5,0,15,14,2,3,12}},
{{13,2,8,4,6,15,11,1,10,9,3,14,5,0,12,7},{1,15,13,8,10,3,7,4,12,5,6,11,0,14,9,2},{7,11,4,1,9,12,14,2,0,6,10,13,15,3,5,8},{2,1,14,7,4,10,8,13,15,12,9,0,3,5,6,11}} };
string S_box(string s)
{
string rs = "";
string s1;
int k1, k2;//S盒的行号和列号
int h = 1;//决定使用那个S盒
for (int i = 0; i <= 42; i = i + 6, h++)
{
k1 = (s[i] - '0') * 2 + (s[i + 5] - '0') * 1;
k2 = (s[i + 1] - '0') * 8 + (s[i + 2] - '0') * 4 + (s[i + 3] - '0') * 2 + (s[i + 4] - '0') * 1;
int x = S[h - 1][k1][k2];
s1 = "";
int y = 8;
for (int j = 1; j <= 4; j++)
{
if (x < y)
{
s1 += "0";
y /= 2;
}
else
{
s1 += "1";
x = x % y;
y /= 2;
}
}
rs += s1;
}
return rs;
}
//置换运算(P盒)
int P[4][8] = { 16,7,20,21,
29,12,28,17,
1,15,23,26,
5,18,31,10,
2,8,24,14,
32,27,3,9,
19,13,30,6,
22,11,4,25 };
string P_box(string s)
{
string rs = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
{
rs += (s[P[i][j] - 1]);
}
}
return rs;
}
密钥编排
/*密钥初始置换表*/
int PC_1[8][7] = { 57,49,41,33,25,17,9,
1,58,50,42,34,26,18,
10,2,59,51,43,35,27,
19,11,3,60,52,44,36,
3,55,47,39,31,23,15,
7,62,54,46,38,30,22,
14,6,61,53,45,37,29,
21,13,5,28,20,12,4 };
/*密钥循环左移位数表*/
int Left[16] = { 1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1 };
/*密钥压缩置换表*/
int PC_2[8][6] = { 14,17,11,24,1,5,
3,28,15,6,21,10,
23,19,12,4,26,8,
16,7,27,20,13,2,
41,52,31,37,47,55,
30,40,51,45,33,48,
44,49,39,56,34,53,
46,42,50,36,29,32 };
/*密钥压缩置换函数 56位->48位*/
string secret_key_compression_replacement(string s)
{
string rs = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++)
{
rs += s[PC_2[i][j] - 1];
}
}
return rs;
}
/*密钥循环左移函数 56位->56位*/
string secret_ket_left_move(int k, string s)//密钥循环左移k位
{
string s1 = s.substr(0, 28);
string s2 = s.substr(28, 28);
string rs = s1.substr(k, 28 - k) + s1.substr(0, k) + s2.substr(k, 28 - k) + s2.substr(0, k);
return rs;
}
/*密钥初始置换函数 64位->58位*/
string secret_key_initial_permutation(string s)
{
string rs = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++)
{
rs += s[PC_1[i][j] - 1];
}
}
return rs;
}
/*十六进制转二进制*/
string H(string s)
{
string s1;
string rs = "";
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
{
int x;
if (s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9')
{
x = s[i] - '0';
}
else
{
x = s[i] - 'A' + 10;
}
s1 = "";
int y = 8;
for (int j = 1; j <= 4; j++)
{
if (x < y)
{
y /= 2;
s1 += "0";
}
else
{
s1 += "1";
x = x % y;
y = y / 2;
}
}
rs += s1;
}
return rs;
}
/*二进制转十六进制*/
string G(string str)
{
string rs = "";
char temp;
for (int i = 0; i <= str.length() - 4; i = i + 4)
{
int x = (str[i] - '0') * 8 + (str[i + 1] - '0') * 4 + (str[i + 2] - '0') * 2 + str[i + 3] - '0';
if (x >= 10)
{
temp = (char)(x - 10 + 'A');
}
else
{
temp = (char)(x + '0');
}
rs += temp;
}
return rs;
}
string f(string str1, string str2)
{
string expendR = Extend(str1);
string rs = XOR(expendR, str2);
rs = S_box(rs);
rs = P_box(rs);
return rs;
}
/*子密钥生成*/
string Keys[20];
void generateKeys(string s)
{
s = secret_key_initial_permutation(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= 16; i++)
{
s = secret_ket_left_move(Left[i - 1], s);
Keys[i] = secret_key_compression_replacement(s);
}
}
加密解密
/*加密*/
string encrypt(string str1)
{
//第一步:明文初始置换 64->64
str1 = IP(str1);
//第二步:数据分组
string left = str1.substr(0, 32);
string right = str1.substr(32, 32);
string newleft;
//第三步:16轮迭代
for (int i = 1; i <= 16; i++)
{
newleft = right;
right = XOR(left, f(right, Keys[i]));
left = newleft;
}
//第四步:合并数据 注意位R16L16
string rs = right + left;
//结尾置换
rs = IP_1(rs);
return rs;
}
/*解密*/
string decrypt(string str)
{
//把密文当作明文进行初始明文置换
str = IP(str);
//分组
string left = str.substr(0, 32);
string right = str.substr(32, 32);
string newleft;
//逆序的子密钥使用 16轮迭代
for (int i = 16; i >= 1; i--)
{
newleft = right;
right = XOR(left, f(right, Keys[i]));
left = newleft;
}
//合并
string rs = right + left;
//最后置换
rs = IP_1(rs);
return rs;
}
主函数
int main()
{
cout << "欢迎使用DES算法" << endl;
//密钥16进制
string str2;
cout << "请输入密钥:";
cin >> str2;
int flag = 1;
while (flag) {
cout << "输入1进行加密,输入2进行解密,输入3进行三重DES,输入0退出程序" << endl;
cin >> flag;
if (flag == 1) {
//明文 16进制
string str1;
cout << "请输入明文:";
cin >> str1;
cout << endl;
//进制转换 16->2
str1 = H(str1);
str2 = H(str2);
//生成16个子密钥
generateKeys(str2);
//加密
string str4 = encrypt(str1);
cout << "密文:" << G(str4) << endl;
}
else if (flag == 2) {
string str3;
cout << "请输入密文:";
cin >> str3;
cout << endl;
str3 = H(str3);
//解密
string str5 = decrypt(str3);
cout << "明文:" << G(str5) << endl;
}
else if (flag == 3) {
//明文 16进制
string str1;
cout << "请输入明文:";
cin >> str1;
cout << endl;
//进制转换 16->2
str1 = H(str1);
str2 = H(str2);
//生成16个子密钥
generateKeys(str2);
//加密
string str4 = encrypt(str1);
string str6 = encrypt(str4);
string str7 = encrypt(str6);
cout << "密文(三重DES):" << G(str7) << endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
小结
因为DES的组成部分比较多,在一开始打算利用头文件的形式将其拆成几个部分,但是后来想到在实验报告呈现时无论是否使用头文件依然需要这样分功能展示,而且考虑到头文件的使用还会可能出错,所以我直接在一个源文件中写了所有的代码。没有能够实现逐渐展示加密算法,只实现了用户界面。
————————————————
版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「PawnTz」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45791919/article/details/133513581