参考

https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/73537
https://www.timescale.com
https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/201801/20180129_01.md

官方说明文档

https://docs.timescale.com/v1.2/getting-started

安装

必须组件安装

sudo apt install cmake

下载软件包 && 编译安装

wget https://github.com/timescale/timescaledb/releases/download/1.2.1/timescaledb-1.2.1.tar.gz
tar zxvf timescaledb-1.2.1.tar.gz

cd timescaledb

# Find eth path of pg_config
whereis pg_config
# Bootstrap the build system
./bootstrap -DPG_CONFIG=/opt/pg11/bin/pg_config
# To build the extension
cd build && make
# To install
make install

配置postgresql.conf(在数据库启动时自动加载timescale lib库)

vi $PGDATA/postgresql.conf  
shared_preload_libraries = 'timescaledb'  
  
pg_ctl restart -m fast  

创建扩展

testdb=# create database timescaledb;
CREATE DATABASE
testdb=# \c timescaledb
You are now connected to database "timescaledb" as user "postgres".
timescaledb=# create extension timescaledb ;
WARNING:
WELCOME TO
 _____ _                               _     ____________
|_   _(_)                             | |    |  _  \ ___ \
  | |  _ _ __ ___   ___  ___  ___ __ _| | ___| | | | |_/ /
  | | | |  _ ` _ \ / _ \/ __|/ __/ _` | |/ _ \ | | | ___ \
  | | | | | | | | |  __/\__ \ (_| (_| | |  __/ |/ /| |_/ /
  |_| |_|_| |_| |_|\___||___/\___\__,_|_|\___|___/ \____/
               Running version 1.2.1
For more information on TimescaleDB, please visit the following links:

 1. Getting started: https://docs.timescale.com/getting-started
 2. API reference documentation: https://docs.timescale.com/api
 3. How TimescaleDB is designed: https://docs.timescale.com/introduction/architecture

Note: TimescaleDB collects anonymous reports to better understand and assist our users.
For more information and how to disable, please see our docs https://docs.timescaledb.com/using-time
scaledb/telemetry.

CREATE EXTENSION
timescaledb=#

timescaledb的相关参数

报错

CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:294 (message)

CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:294 (message):
  PostgreSQL was built without OpenSSL support, which TimescaleDB needs for
  full compatibility.  Please rebuild PostgreSQL using `--with-openssl` or if
  you want to continue without OpenSSL, re-run bootstrap with
  `-DUSE_OPENSSL=0`

解决方案:
./bootstrap -DPG_CONFIG=/opt/pg11/bin/pg_config -DUSE_OPENSSL=0

使用例子测试

下载样本数据

wget https://timescaledata.blob.core.windows.net/datasets/nyc_data.tar.gz
tar zxvf nyc_data.tar.gz

导入结构

psql -d timescaledb -f nyc_data.sql
--内容如下:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "rides";

CREATE TABLE "rides"(
    vendor_id TEXT,
    pickup_datetime TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE NOT NULL,
    dropoff_datetime TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE NOT NULL,
    passenger_count NUMERIC,
    trip_distance NUMERIC,
    pickup_longitude  NUMERIC,
    pickup_latitude   NUMERIC,
    rate_code         INTEGER,
    dropoff_longitude NUMERIC,
    dropoff_latitude  NUMERIC,
    payment_type INTEGER,
    fare_amount NUMERIC,
    extra NUMERIC,
    mta_tax NUMERIC,
    tip_amount NUMERIC,
    tolls_amount NUMERIC,
    improvement_surcharge NUMERIC,
    total_amount NUMERIC
);
SELECT create_hypertable('rides', 'pickup_datetime', 'payment_type', 2, create_default_indexes=>FALS
E);
CREATE INDEX ON rides (vendor_id, pickup_datetime desc);
CREATE INDEX ON rides (pickup_datetime desc, vendor_id);
CREATE INDEX ON rides (rate_code, pickup_datetime DESC);
CREATE INDEX ON rides (passenger_count, pickup_datetime desc);

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "payment_types"(
    payment_type INTEGER,
    description TEXT
);
INSERT INTO payment_types(payment_type, description) VALUES
(1, 'credit card'),
(2, 'cash'),
(3, 'no charge'),
(4, 'dispute'),
(5, 'unknown'),
(6, 'voided trip');

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "rates"(
    rate_code   INTEGER,
    description TEXT
);
INSERT INTO rates(rate_code, description) VALUES
(1, 'standard rate'),
(2, 'JFK'),
(3, 'Newark'),
(4, 'Nassau or Westchester'),
(5, 'negotiated fare'),
(6, 'group ride');

导入数据

psql -d timescaledb -c "\COPY rides FROM nyc_data_rides.csv CSV"

每天同车超过2人的交易，平均计费多少？

SELECT date_trunc('day', pickup_datetime) as day, avg(fare_amount)
  FROM rides
  WHERE passenger_count > 1 AND pickup_datetime < '2016-01-08'
  GROUP BY day ORDER BY day;

某些查询的性能甚至超过20倍

 explain SELECT date_trunc('day', pickup_datetime) as day, COUNT(*) FROM rides  
  GROUP BY day ORDER BY day  
  LIMIT 5;  

用到timescaleDB内置的一些加速算法。每5分钟间隔为一个BUCKET，输出每个间隔产生了多少笔订单

SELECT time_bucket('5 minute', pickup_datetime) as five_min, count(*)
  FROM rides
  WHERE pickup_datetime < '2016-01-01 02:00'
  GROUP BY five_min ORDER BY five_min;

每个城市的打车交易量

SELECT rates.description, COUNT(vendor_id) as num_trips FROM rides
  JOIN rates on rides.rate_code = rates.rate_code
  WHERE pickup_datetime < '2016-01-08'
  GROUP BY rates.description ORDER BY rates.description;