Android 常见功能保存图片十分常用,近年来随着Android版本更新,逐渐收紧了App的权限,导致App存储图片需要做的兼容性问题越来越多.

原因:

• 厂商定制存储方式
• 不同版本存储方式不一致
• Android Q 沙盒机制

导致的问题:

• 文件存储异常
• 相册不展示下载的图片
• 相册展示重复的下载图片

Android Q (10) 新增了分区存储
针对外部存储的过滤视图，可提供对特定于应用的文件和媒体集合的访问权限,所以图片保存的时候需要存储到指定App文件夹下才能保存文件

兼容实现:

1. 处理Android Q 存储地址问题

  /**
     * 根据 Android Q 区分地址
     *
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    public static String getPath(Context context) {
        // equalsIgnoreCase() 忽略大小写
        String fileName = "";
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29) {
            fileName = context.getExternalFilesDir("").getAbsolutePath() + "/current/";
        } else {
            if ("Xiaomi".equalsIgnoreCase(Build.BRAND)) { // 小米手机
                fileName = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/DCIM/Camera/";
            } else if ("HUAWEI".equalsIgnoreCase(Build.BRAND)) {
                fileName = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/DCIM/Camera/";
            } else if ("HONOR".equalsIgnoreCase(Build.BRAND)) {
                fileName = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/DCIM/Camera/";
            } else if ("OPPO".equalsIgnoreCase(Build.BRAND)) {
                fileName = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/DCIM/Camera/";
            } else if ("vivo".equalsIgnoreCase(Build.BRAND)) {
                fileName = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/DCIM/Camera/";
            } else if ("samsung".equalsIgnoreCase(Build.BRAND)) {
                fileName = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/DCIM/Camera/";
            } else {
                fileName = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/DCIM/";
            }
        }
        File file = new File(fileName);
        if (file.mkdirs()) {
            return fileName;
        }
        return fileName;
    }

2. 判断Android Q 版本

/**
     * 判断android Q  (10 ) 版本
     *
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean isAdndroidQ() {
        return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29;
    }

3. 复制文件

/**
     * 复制文件
     *
     * @param oldPathName
     * @param newPathName
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean copyFile(String oldPathName, String newPathName) {
        try {
            File oldFile = new File(oldPathName);
            if (!oldFile.exists()) {
                return false;
            } else if (!oldFile.isFile()) {
                return false;
            } else if (!oldFile.canRead()) {
                return false;
            }

            FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(oldPathName);
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(newPathName);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int byteRead;
            while (-1 != (byteRead = fileInputStream.read(buffer))) {
                fileOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, byteRead);
            }
            fileInputStream.close();
            fileOutputStream.flush();
            fileOutputStream.close();
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

4. 插入相册

    /**
     * 插入相册 部分机型适配(区分手机系统版本 Android Q)
     *
     * @param context
     * @param filePath
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean insertMediaPic(Context context, String filePath) {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(filePath)) return false;
        File file = new File(filePath);
        //判断android Q  (10 ) 版本
        if (isAdndroidQ()) {
            if (file == null || !file.exists()) {
                return false;
            } else {
                try {
                    MediaStore.Images.Media.insertImage(context.getContentResolver(), file.getAbsolutePath(), file.getName(), null);
                    return true;
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    return false;
                }
            }
        } else {
            ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
            values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA, file.getAbsolutePath());
            values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE, "image/jpeg");
            values.put(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATE_TAKEN, System.currentTimeMillis() + "");
            context.getContentResolver().insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values);
            context.sendBroadcast(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE, Uri.parse("file://" + file.getAbsolutePath())));
            return true;
        }

    }

项目实现

1.Android Q 图片存储适配

1.1 res/xml/文件夹下 创建 app_files.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
        <external-path
            name="external_files"
            path="" />
        <path>
            <root-path
                name="root_path"
                path="." />
        </path>

        <external-path
            name="camera_photos"
            path="" />

        <external-path
            name="external_storage_root"
            path="." />
        <grant-uri-permission
            android:path="string"
            android:pathPattern="string"
            android:pathPrefix="string" />
    </paths>
</resources>

1.2 AndroidManifest.xml 中 app_files文件配置

AndroidManifest.xml.png

2.图片 下载 以及保存(Kotlin 携程下载图片)

图片存储.png

package com.wu.material.activity

import android.Manifest
import android.app.Activity
import android.content.pm.PackageManager
import android.os.Build
import android.os.Bundle
import android.text.TextUtils
import android.util.Log
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil
import com.bumptech.glide.Glide
import com.wu.material.R
import com.wu.material.databinding.ActivityCoroutinesBinding
import com.wu.material.util.FileSaveUtil
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.GlobalScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import java.util.*


/**
 * @author wkq
 *
 * @date 2022年03月03日 12:44
 *
 *@des
 *
 */

class CoroutinesActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    var databinding: ActivityCoroutinesBinding? = null
    //权限Code
    var REQUEST_CODE_LAUNCH = 10011
    var permissionsREAD = arrayOf(
        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)

    var path = "https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Ffile02.16sucai.com%2Fd%2Ffile%2F2014%2F0829%2F372edfeb74c3119b666237bd4af92be5.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Ffile02.16sucai.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1648708406&t=ca9d3a371ddad53fbc5fa074db2090cc"

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        databinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView<ActivityCoroutinesBinding>(
            this,
            R.layout.activity_coroutines
        )
        // 判断权限
       var isHave= checkPermissions(this,permissionsREAD,REQUEST_CODE_LAUNCH)
        if (isHave){
            showView()
        }
    }

    private fun showView() {
        Glide.with(this).load(path).into(databinding!!.ivIcon)
        databinding!!.btSave.setOnClickListener {
            savePic(path)
        }
    }




    fun savePic(path: String) {

        //携程
        GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
            var file = Glide.with(this@CoroutinesActivity).asFile().load(path).submit().get()
            Log.e("",file.absolutePath)
            // 文件夹位置
           var parentPath= FileSaveUtil.getPath(this@CoroutinesActivity)
            //文件名
           var fileName= System.currentTimeMillis().toString()+".png"
            //新文件文件地址
            var filePath=parentPath+fileName
            //复制地址(部分机型 不复制到指定文件夹,相册不更新)
            FileSaveUtil.copyFile(file.path,filePath)

            var isSave=FileSaveUtil.insertMediaPic(this@CoroutinesActivity,filePath)

            withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
                //主线程里更新 UI
                if (isSave){
                    Toast.makeText(this@CoroutinesActivity,"成功了",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(this@CoroutinesActivity,"失败了",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                }
            }

        }
    }

    /**
     * 判断权限
     */
    fun onRequestPermissionsResult(
        activity: Activity?,
        requestCode: Int,
        permissions: Array<String?>,
        grantResults: IntArray
    ): BooleanArray? {
        var result = true
        var isNerverAsk = false
        val length = grantResults.size
        for (i in 0 until length) {
            val permission = permissions[i]
            val grandResult = grantResults[i]
            if (grandResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
                result = false
                if (!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(
                        activity!!,
                        permission!!
                    )
                ) isNerverAsk = true
            }
        }
        return booleanArrayOf(result, isNerverAsk)
    }

    /**
     * 授权结果回调
     */
    override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<String?>, grantResults: IntArray) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_LAUNCH) {
            val hasPermissions = onRequestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults)
            if (hasPermissions!![0]) {
                showView()
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this@CoroutinesActivity,"没权限",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()

            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 校验权限
     */
    fun checkPermissions(
        activity: Activity?,
        permissions: Array<String>,
        requestCode: Int
    ): Boolean { //Android6.0以下默认有权限
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) return true
        val needList: MutableList<String> = ArrayList()
        var needShowRationale = false
        val length = permissions.size
        for (i in 0 until length) {
            val permisson = permissions[i]
            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(permisson)) continue
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity!!, permisson)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
            ) {
                needList.add(permisson)
                if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(
                        activity,
                        permisson
                    )
                ) needShowRationale = true
            }
        }
        return if (needList.size != 0) {
            if (needShowRationale) {
                //
                return false
            }
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity!!, needList.toTypedArray(), requestCode)
            false
        } else {
            true
        }
    }


}

注意:

• 魅族手机个别版本下载到本地的图片相册刷新不出来
• 个别手机相册刷新会重复

总结

Android 系统随着系统版本的更新,以及国内各大厂商各大魔改 导致图片下载相册更新出现问题,这里项目中做的兼容做了记录,随后,项目中逐渐出现的问题再更新

写作不易,欢迎点赞

参考文献

1.Android Q 行为变更

2.Demo源码地址