提供一个获取Bitmap的工具类:
package com.example.administrator.bitmapfactory;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.view.View;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
/**
* Created by AFinalStone on 2017/6/27.
* 邮箱:602392033@qq.com
* 使用完毕Bitmap之后,我们可以通过Bitmap.recycle()方法来释放位图所占的空间,当然前提是位图没有被使用。
*/
public class BitmapUtil {
/**
* 从path中获取图片信息,在通过BitmapFactory.decodeFile(String path)方法将突破转成Bitmap时,
* 遇到大一些的图片,我们经常会遇到OOM(Out Of Memory)的问题。所以用到了我们上面提到的BitmapFactory.Options这个类。
*
* @param path 文件路径
* @param width 想要显示的图片的宽度
* @param height 想要显示的图片的高度
* @return
*/
public static Bitmap decodeBitmap(String path, int width, int height) {
BitmapFactory.Options op = new BitmapFactory.Options();
// inJustDecodeBounds如果设置为true,仅仅返回图片实际的宽和高,宽和高是赋值给opts.outWidth,opts.outHeight;
op.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path, op); //获取尺寸信息
//获取比例大小
int wRatio = (int) Math.ceil(op.outWidth / width);
int hRatio = (int) Math.ceil(op.outHeight / height);
//如果超出指定大小,则缩小相应的比例
if (wRatio > 1 && hRatio > 1) {
if (wRatio > hRatio) {
op.inSampleSize = wRatio;
} else {
op.inSampleSize = hRatio;
}
}
op.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path, op);
return bmp;
}
/** 从path中获取Bitmap图片
* @param path 图片路径
* @return
*/
public static Bitmap decodeBitmap(String path) {
BitmapFactory.Options opts = new BitmapFactory.Options();
opts.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path, opts);
opts.inSampleSize = computeSampleSize(opts, -1, 128*128);
opts.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path, opts);
}
/**
* 以最省内存的方式读取本地资源的图片
* @param context 设备上下文
* @param resId 资源ID
* @return
*/
public static Bitmap decodeBitmap(Context context, int resId){
BitmapFactory.Options opt = new BitmapFactory.Options();
opt.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.RGB_565;
opt.inPurgeable = true;
opt.inInputShareable = true;
//获取资源图片
InputStream is = context.getResources().openRawResource(resId);
return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is,null,opt);
}
/**
* @param context 设备上下文
* @param resId 资源ID
* @param width
* @param height
* @return
*/
public static Bitmap decodeBitmap(Context context,int resId, int width, int height) {
InputStream inputStream = context.getResources().openRawResource(resId);
BitmapFactory.Options op = new BitmapFactory.Options();
// inJustDecodeBounds如果设置为true,仅仅返回图片实际的宽和高,宽和高是赋值给opts.outWidth,opts.outHeight;
op.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream, null, op); //获取尺寸信息
//获取比例大小
int wRatio = (int) Math.ceil(op.outWidth / width);
int hRatio = (int) Math.ceil(op.outHeight / height);
//如果超出指定大小,则缩小相应的比例
if (wRatio > 1 && hRatio > 1) {
if (wRatio > hRatio) {
op.inSampleSize = wRatio;
} else {
op.inSampleSize = hRatio;
}
}
inputStream = context.getResources().openRawResource(resId);
op.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream, null, op);
}
/**
* @param context 设备上下文
* @param fileNameInAssets Assets里面文件的名称
* @param width 图片的宽度
* @param height 图片的高度
* @return Bitmap
* @throws IOException
*/
public static Bitmap decodeBitmap(Context context, String fileNameInAssets, int width, int height) throws IOException {
InputStream inputStream = context.getAssets().open(fileNameInAssets);
BitmapFactory.Options op = new BitmapFactory.Options();
// inJustDecodeBounds如果设置为true,仅仅返回图片实际的宽和高,宽和高是赋值给opts.outWidth,opts.outHeight;
op.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream, null, op); //获取尺寸信息
//获取比例大小
int wRatio = (int) Math.ceil(op.outWidth / width);
int hRatio = (int) Math.ceil(op.outHeight / height);
//如果超出指定大小,则缩小相应的比例
if (wRatio > 1 && hRatio > 1) {
if (wRatio > hRatio) {
op.inSampleSize = wRatio;
} else {
op.inSampleSize = hRatio;
}
}
inputStream = context.getAssets().open(fileNameInAssets);
op.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream, null, op);
}
/**
* @param view
* @return
* 把View转化为Bitmap,要在子线程内读取
*/
public static Bitmap convertViewToBitmap(View view){
//当所需要的drawingCache >系统所提供的最大DrawingCache值时,生成Bitmap就会出现问题,此时获取的Bitmap就为null。
//所以需要修改所需的cache值
view.measure(View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED), View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED));
view.layout(0, 0, view.getMeasuredWidth(), view.getMeasuredHeight());
//获取缓存
view.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true);
Bitmap bitmap = view.getDrawingCache();
//清空画图缓冲区
view.setDrawingCacheEnabled(false);
return bitmap;
}
//通过画笔和View转化成bitmap
public static Bitmap convertViewToBitmapByCanvas(View view)
{
// Define a bitmap with the same size as the view
Bitmap returnedBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(view.getWidth(), view.getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
// Bind a canvas to it
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(returnedBitmap);
// Get the view's background
Drawable bgDrawable = view.getBackground();
if (bgDrawable != null)
// has background drawable, then draw it on the canvas
bgDrawable.draw(canvas);
else
// does not have background drawable, then draw white background on
// the canvas
canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);
// draw the view on the canvas
view.draw(canvas);
// return the bitmap
return returnedBitmap;
}
//图片不被压缩
public static Bitmap convertViewToBitmap(View view, int bitmapWidth, int bitmapHeight){
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmapWidth, bitmapHeight, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
view.draw(new Canvas(bitmap));
return bitmap;
}
/**
* @param options
* @param minSideLength
* @param maxNumOfPixels
* @return
* 设置恰当的inSampleSize是解决该问题的关键之一。BitmapFactory.Options提供了另一个成员inJustDecodeBounds。
* 设置inJustDecodeBounds为true后,decodeFile并不分配空间,但可计算出原始图片的长度和宽度,即opts.width和opts.height。
* 有了这两个参数,再通过一定的算法,即可得到一个恰当的inSampleSize。
* 查看Android源码,Android提供了下面这种动态计算的方法。
*/
public static int computeSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) {
int initialSize = computeInitialSampleSize(options, minSideLength, maxNumOfPixels);
int roundedSize;
if (initialSize <= 8) {
roundedSize = 1;
while (roundedSize < initialSize) {
roundedSize <<= 1;
}
} else {
roundedSize = (initialSize + 7) / 8 * 8;
}
return roundedSize;
}
private static int computeInitialSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) {
double w = options.outWidth;
double h = options.outHeight;
int lowerBound = (maxNumOfPixels == -1) ? 1 :
(int) Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(w * h / maxNumOfPixels));
int upperBound = (minSideLength == -1) ? 128 : (int) Math.min(Math.floor(w / minSideLength), Math.floor(h / minSideLength));
if (upperBound < lowerBound) {
// return the larger one when there is no overlapping zone.
return lowerBound;
}
if ((maxNumOfPixels == -1) && (minSideLength == -1)) {
return 1;
} else if (minSideLength == -1) {
return lowerBound;
} else {
return upperBound;
}
}
}
尽量不要使用setImageBitmap或setImageResource或BitmapFactory.decodeResource来设置一张大图,
因为这些函数在完成decode后,最终都是通过java层的createBitmap来完成的,需要消耗更多内存,容易出现OOM异常。
因此,改用先通过BitmapFactory.decodeStream方法,创建出一个bitmap,再将其设为ImageView的source,
decodeStream最大的秘密在于其直接调用JNI>>nativeDecodeAsset()来完成decode,无需再使用java层的createBitmap,从而节省了java层的空间。
如果在读取时加上图片的Config参数,可以更有效减少加载的内存,从而更有效阻止抛out of Memory异常。
另外,decodeStream直接拿的图片来读取字节码了, 不会根据机器的各种分辨率来自动适应, 使用了decodeStream之后,
需要在hdpi和mdpi,ldpi中配置相应的图片资源, 否则在不同分辨率机器上都是同样大小(像素点数量),显示出来的大小就不对了。
另外,以下方式也大有帮助:
InputStream is = this.getResources().openRawResource(R.drawable.pic1);
BitmapFactory.Options options=new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
options.inSampleSize = 10; //width,hight设为原来的十分一
Bitmap btp =BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is,null,options);
if(!bmp.isRecycle() ){
bmp.recycle() //回收图片所占的内存
system.gc() //提醒系统及时回收
}
项目地址:传送门