boost: n. 促进，增强
get/receive/give/provide（with） ...a much-needed boost to/for ...economy, sales, confidence, morale, productivity 等
1.Your sincere compliment will give your team's morale a much-needed boost.
你由衷的称赞会鼓舞团队的精神/士气。
moral: public morals公德 ，寓意、教训
The moral of this story/case/experience is that... 可替换 message 和 lesson
1.The moral here is: If you want him to do things at home, don't chastise him for not doing it 'right.
在这儿得出一个教训：如果你想让他在家做些家务，当他做错时你不要责骂。
So don't take the moral high ground.
不要用道德来给我上纲上线。
pitfall:“陷阱、隐患、坑”=danger,trap
1.You know, the traps, the pitfalls, what not to do.
尔虞我诈 各种禁忌。
2.It is hoped that the reader will be helped to avoid some of my pitfalls.
希望本书可以帮助读者避免在某些方面重蹈笔者的覆辙。
the envy of:“另......羡慕、望尘莫及”，of 后面一般接的是同类事物，比如其他国家、其他同类产品等。我们可以使用 the envy of 替换 admire, admirable 等词。
1.I was unable to nitpick on his household work, the tenderness he smothered me with was the envy of all in the office.
他的家务活做得我没法挑剔，对我体贴入微得全单位的人都羡慕。
2.Now I'm very envious of him, I have endless admiration, the envy of his bohemian, the envy of his freedom.
现在的我很羡慕他，对他，我有着无穷尽的羡慕，羡慕他的放荡不羁，羡慕他的无拘无束。
3.Believe me I can make your crowning glory the envy of all by permanently banishing bad hair days.
相信我可以让你的发型永远都是众人羡慕的焦点。
Someone is green with envy.妒火中烧
exposure: 体验;接触= be first exposed to...when...
1.The video of Maksim's famous piano concert gave me early exposure to the music.
2.It takes time and exposure to be good at English pronunciation.
3.Many Viennese play piano well because of their exposure to the music from an early age.
prompt:促使,推动,引起
某事引发热议prompts a heated debate on
1.A noise prompted the guard to go back and investigate.
嘈杂声促使卫兵回头调查
2. The accident prompted a review of school safety policy.
这场事故引起对学校安全制度的反思
determine: A决定了B,B取决于A 替换 depend on
1.Man's social being determines his consciousness.
人的社会存在决定其意识。
2.How you perform from this point will determine whether or not you salvage your careers.从现在开始，你们的表现将决定你们是否能保住自己的饭碗。
3.The principle can be established that for a man who does not cheat, what he believes to be true must determine his action.
我们可以做出一个论断：就一个诚信的人而言，他信之为真的事物一定决定了他的行为。
judging by/from:
1.Everyone is judging people by what they wear, and that's not going to change.
所有人都通过其他人的穿着来评判他们，这种情况不会改变。
2.What's that thing about judging a book by its cover?
知道什么叫以貌取人吗？
3.Judging from his conduct,he is still pretty childish.从他的言行可以判断他心里上还相当幼稚。
prize:“珍惜”“青睐”重视
在一些语境中，我们可以用 prize 替换 value, treasure,appreciate, hold dear 等词。
be prized by “吃香”
prize A over B “更重视 A，而不是 B”
1. Well, I needn't tell you how much we prize the colour red back home. For us it means luck and happiness and prosperity.
我们中国人非常喜爱红色，因为红色象征幸运、幸福和繁荣。
2.I prize these old photographs.
我很珍视这些老照片。
rival: “不亚于”“与…不分高低”与...匹敌
1.That rival if not outshine your own.
跟你比有过之而无不及。
2.But to say that Mandarin will rival English is a "bit of a stretch" , says Manoj Vohra, Asia director at the Economist Intelligence Unit.
经济学人信息部亚洲区主任马努·沃哈（ManojVohra）说，认为汉语将于英语匹敌有点言过其实。
fare:进行，表现 后面一般接 well, badly, better, poorly 这样的副词
1.They don't fare well in the wild.
它们在野外是不能生存的。
2.How did you fare there?
你在那里过得怎样?
3.It has fared well[ill] with him.
他境况很顺利[不顺利]。
navigate:“导航、指路、驾驶”，还可以引申为“理清、弄明白”,后面一般接专业度很高、比较复杂的领域（比如移民、置地、信托等）
boost:v. 增强/促进/刺激 它可以替换 increase, improve, strengthen 等词，后面接的常见名词有 economy, sales, confidence, morale, productivity 等
对很难专注的用户来说，这款强大的应用可以极大地提高工作效率。
（参考翻译：This powerful app will greatly boost productivity of those who find themselves hard to concentrate. 或 Those who find themselves hard to focus will find their productivity greatly boosted by this powerful app.）
1.Obama stressed that independent economists believed that this jobs bill will provide a strong boost to the weak economy and job market.
奥巴马强调，独立经济专家认为这个就业议案将为疲软的经济和就业市场提供强劲的动力。
2.Spokesman Robert Gibbs said the address was simply meant to give students a boost at the start of a new school year.
发言人吉布斯说，讲话只是在新学期的开始让学生们振奋精神。
jeopardize:危及、损害、影响 可以替换 hurt, endanger, put something at risk 等词，后面一般接 chances, interests, ability, future, safety 等词。
1.I wouldn't do anything to jeopardize my friendship with you.
我不会做出任何会危及你我友谊的事。
2.Do not continue to jeopardize her future. 请不要再毁她前程。
3.If you are rude to the boss it may jeopardize your chances of success.
如果你对上司无礼,那就可能断送你成功的机会。
4.We'd rather sacrifice growth than do anything that would jeopardize our customers' interests, much less be a part of any blatant fraud.
我们宁愿没有增长，也决不能做损害客户利益的事，更不用提公然的欺骗。
explore:讲的是，探讨，研究
可以用在做 PPT 演示和论文写作的介绍部分，替换 discuss/talk about/look at
1.I doubt this, but it's worth exploring.
我个人对此抱有怀疑，但这个观点值得探讨。
2.Have you been able to explore the village?
有去镇上到处看看吗？
embark on:登船，开始做
后面可以接表示旅途、冒险类的名词，也常接表示关系、计划、项目、职业的词。
1.I'm about to embark on a new journey.
我的人生即将开始新的旅程了。
2.After leaving college, the young man embarked on a new business career.
那年轻人大学毕业后，从事一项新行业。
dictate:规定/影响/决定/支配/控制
1.It does not seem to belong to you to dictate to your comrades.
你似乎不该对你的同志们发号施令。
boil down to:
1.All the facts boil down to a clear case of fraud.
所有的事实归总起来就是一起很清楚的诈欺案。
2.In the end, his growth strategy will all boil down to the talent that he is able to attract.
最后，他将发展战略都归结到吸引人才上。
3.Most bedroom problems boil down to this: Men are microwaves and women are slow cookers.
大多数房事问题归结为一点就是：男人如同微波炉，女人就像慢热锅。
4.I think, learning English can boil down to three simple ingredients: persistence, proper ways and good teachers.
我认为，学习英语能总结为三个简单的因素：坚持，正确的方法和好的老师。
5.In short, the themes of China's foreign policy boil down to Peace, Development and Cooperation.
简而言之，中国外交主张和平、发展和合作。
come down to
get down to brass tacks：It means to get serious about something, to get to the bottom of the situation. 言归正传，说重点
weather: v.“渡过（难关）” “从困难中挺过来”后面常接有负向含义的名词，例如 crisis/recession/criticism/scandal
1.But in that hour of trial he gave thanks -- because he believed America would weather the storm and emerge into a new era of liberty.
但是他感激磨难，因为他相信美国一定能渡过难关，并走进新自由时代。
2.China will continue to work with the rest of the international community in a responsible manner to weather the crisis.
中国将继续本着负责任的态度，同国际社会一道努力，共同渡过难关。
3.Only with strong confidence and concerted efforts can we weather the crisis.
只有坚定信心，携手努力，我们才能共同渡过难关。
be home to:“某人或某物的所在地”，“某地拥有” ，介绍地区特色
1.It is home to villagers with customs that date back many generations.
这里是村民的家园，这一迷信风俗已经侵蚀了很多代人。
2.Sicily , an island of Italy, is home to beautiful beaches, outstanding food, and a bit of Italian history on every corner .
意大利的西西里岛，以美丽的海滩和令人垂涎的美食而闻名。它的各个角落都散发着意大利的历史文化气息。
3.She said that the British Library is home to the whole of the English language memory since the English word began.
大英图书馆的藏书包罗万象，囊括了自英语产生以来的所有英文书籍。
4.The forest teems with life. Whether up in the tree tops or down among the grasses, everywhere is home to one species or another.
林中处处有生机，不论是高大的树木或林下的草本植物，都是生物栖息之处。
perfect: v.使...完美，精进 体现一个人的决心和持久力，有精益求精、匠人之心的意思。=polish up
1.He's busy perfecting his programming technique.他在忙于精进自己的编程技术。
2.She's looking forward to perfecting her French in paris.
她期望能在巴黎完善自己的法语。
pursue:“追逐（罪犯）”和“从事（某一职业） ,追求
pursue a goal/aim/objective, pursue a dream, pursue love/truth/success/growth
Many ambitious young people give up cushy jobs in their hometowns and relocate to big cities in pursuit of their dreams.
1.Not to pursue perfection unnecessarily.
不必追求尽善尽美。
2.He kind of pursued me pretty hard.
他追我追地挺殷勤。
3.What other cases is Ms. Lawrence pursuing?
劳伦斯女士手头还在处理什么案子？
4.You just don't want to pursue it.
你只是不想查下去。
mean: 导致/意味着...
1.The word 'geisha' itself, of course, doesn't mean prostitute at all, that means artistic person.
“艺伎”字的本身，当然，并不意味着妓女，这意味着艺术的人。
compound:=worsen, exacerbate, aggravate 使......加剧、使......恶化、雪上加霜
1.That simply compounds the offence.
那只会加重罪过。
2.Complaining usually compounds problems.
抱怨只会让问题变得更糟。
3.The prisoners' lack of contact with the outside world compounds their problems.
犯人们与外界缺乏联系加剧了他们的问题。
pioneer: 开拓 创造 发明 开辟
It is Alipay which pioneered and popularized mobile payment, now widely seen as a norm.
1. 电灯是爱迪生发明的。
The light bulb was pioneered by Thomas Edison.
champion: v.=support defend 支持 捍卫
1.We will stand together to champion the security and sovereignty of both countries.
我们将一起捍卫两国的安全与主权。
2.The United States will do everything in its power to champion and protect religious liberty in our land.
美国将尽一切力量在这片土地上捍卫和保护宗教自由。
fathom: v.“透彻理解”“深入了解”，今天我们要学习的是它的动词用法。和表示“理解”的常见词（比如 understand，comprehend，figure out）相比，fathom 有“深不可测”“绞尽脑汁也没有想透”的意味
1.But who can fathom the subtleties of the human heart?
但是话又说回来，谁能理解人心的奥秘呢？
2.I can’t fathom her out — she says one thing then does another.
我琢磨不透她─她说的是一套，做的又是一套。
3.It's hard to fathom what it means to this hypothesis.
persist: 持续存在
1.The problem persists despite the billions spent on it.
尽管花了数十亿英镑，问题依然存在。
2.The bad weather will persist all over the country.
这种坏天气将在全国各地持续下去。
3.This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate.
这种趋势可能会持续，甚至有加快之势。
坚持... persist in doing/persist with sth.
1.He persists in denying his knowledge of it.
他一再否认知情。
2.You can never keep a heart that persists in leaving.
你永远留不住执意要离开的心。
end up:
1.How did I end up here?
我怎么会落到这步田地？
2.And so I ended up walking like this.
导致我走起路来像这样。
deepen:
1.Wine deepens on aging.
酒久藏而变醇。
2.Dusk deepened into night.
黄昏变成了夜色。
3.The need to conceal the mourning deepened the grief.
她必须隐藏这份悲伤，这反而加深了心中的痛楚。
4.Efforts should be made to deepen international exchanges and cooperation.
要深化国际科技交流合作。
5.The first is the deepening of reform and expansion of opening.
一是深化改革，扩大开放。
concern: 关于 替换about/on
1.The story concerns a friend of mine.
故事讲的是我的一个朋友。
2.It's no concern of mine.
这事与我无关。
leapfrog:跳山羊，突然超越、窜至、一跃超过
China almost skipped credit card payment and leapfrogged straight into mobile payment.
China is leapfrogging to the forefront of global innovation.
1.Developing countries often leapfrog the process which richer nations went through, and avoid their mistakes.
发展中国家往往跨越了富裕国家所经历的过程并且避免了他们所犯的错误。
2. They attempted to leapfrog the barriers of class.
他们试图跨越阶级障碍。
backpedal: 改变主意，变卦，决定不...,撤回 +介词on后接表示某个观点、计划、建议、决定、承诺、条款等的词 =backtrack
1.Yesterday you agreed, so what has made you backpedal/backtrack on your decision?
What has made you go back on your word/change your mind?
昨天说得好好的，怎么变卦了？
sidetrack:
Sorry I got sidetracked.Where was I?
1.I was sidetracked from my work by an unexpected visitor.
不速之客的来访使我撂下工作
2.In his teachers' and my parents' eyes, my youngest brother is a sidetracked young man, but in mine, he is a musical genius.
在老师和父母眼中，我的弟弟是个偏离正途的年轻人，然而在我眼中，他是个音乐天才。
3.Things between us got so sidetracked after that event.经历过那件事后我们的关系变得很疏远。
4.I got sidetracked with Alicia.我偶遇了艾丽西亚。
popularize:
1.She popularized the use of porcelain teacups and mugs.
因为她，精美的瓷质茶杯和马克杯大受欢迎。
2.His books have done much to popularize the sport.
他的书对于普及该运动发挥了很大的作用。
3.Television has been popularized as never before.
电视已经空前普及。
iconic:标志性的，深入人心的
1.The actor is not fresh meat,but every role he plays is iconic.这个演员不是小鲜肉，但他演的每个角色都深入人心。
2.That was like a big iconic moment in all of our lives.
那是我们生命里 一个值得记住的时刻。
3.This world city is filled with iconic symbols.
这座世界城市充满代表性标志。
4.JohnWinston Lennon is one of the most iconic artists in rock history.
约翰列侬是摇滚音乐史上的一名标志性艺术家。
commonplace:稀松平常的，不足为奇的，普遍的
Doing A is/are commonplace in B =B is/are prone to doing A
...has become commonplace. That means...
1.A scene not long ago unimaginable is now becoming commonplace.
2.The fashionable remarks of today often become the commonplace expressions of tomorrow.
今天的时髦话往往变成明天的陈词滥调。
3.For centuries, such rituals were commonplace for European nobility.
几个世纪以来， 这些礼节都是欧洲贵族的家常便饭。
adept:
1.The child is adept at appeasing her parents' anger with a joke or compliment.
这孩子善于以一个玩笑或赞美来平息父母的怒气。
2.He lacks formal education but is adept at living by his wits.
他缺乏正规的教育，但却通过他的智慧生活得很好。
3.Chimpanzees are adept climbers.
黑猩猩是熟练的攀援者。
4.He's so adept at drawing walks.他很老练地摆好架势。
5.I am adept at violence,but it wasn't called for.我擅长使用暴力，但那没必要。
6.I'm getting more adept at faking my way past people.忽悠人我越来越老练了。
prone: a.= likely, inclined 有…可能/倾向的,易受...影响的
Japan is earthquake- and typhoon-prone.
1.He is prone to jump to conclusions.
他往往草率下结论。
2.He’s always been accident-prone. 他总是出事故。
viable: = feasible,effective 可存活的，可行的，值得做的
产品设计中，有个概念叫“最简可行产品”，它的英文就是 Minimum Viable Product（MVP）
1.It is only their investment that makes the programme economically viable.
因为他们的投资，这个项目在经济上才得以通过。
2.I need at least one viable option.
起码给我一个可选的人。
3.He turns bamboo into a viable building material.
他能将竹子加工成可用的建筑材料。
thankfully:fortunately 幸亏 还好 谢天谢地
1.还好，我们在产品上线之前及时发现了一个bug，并马上解决了问题。
Thankfully, we spotted a bug in time and fixed it before the launch.
2.Thankfully, you don't need me at all.
很庆幸 你一点都不需要我。
3.He’s been extremely sick, but thankfully he’s off the danger list now.
他一度病入膏肓,不过万幸的是,他现在已经脱离危险了。
presumably:
1.I mean presumably, the biggest part of your job is done.
我猜，你大部分的工作已经完成了。
hesitant:
1.Since this will be my first job and I don't have much experience，I feel hesitant to suggest a salary.
由于这是我的第一份工作，我又没有工作经验，所以不敢贸然要求工资。
2.She was hesitant, but she agreed to have lunch.
她先是犹豫了 但还是同意一起吃午饭。
transferable: 通用的
1.清晰的表达能力是一项通用技能。
The ability to express your good idea is a transferable skill in workplace.
aforementioned:above-mentioned
1.The property belongs to the aforementioned Mr Jones. 该项财产属于前面提到的琼斯先生。
cut-throat: =fierce, tough, severe ,强调竞争的残酷无情，为达到目标而不择手段。
常和表示领域（比如 industry, business 和 world）,竞争和价格的词一起搭配使用。
1.It is the most cut-throat house in the city--our fiercest rival.这是全市最难搞定的--我们最难缠的对手。
instrumental:
1.Technical innovation is instrumental in improving the qualities of products.
技术革新有助于提高产品的质量。
2.The Society was instrumental in bringing about legislation.
这一社团是促成立法的工具。
sought-after: 吃香的，抢手的，广受欢迎的
1.Likewise, you can pay a few million dollars for a much sought-after violin ,but this will not turn you into a renowned violinist.
你可以花几百万元买一把世界一流的小提琴，但你不会因此就自动成为世界一流的小提琴家。
2.You will have tremendous opportunities and you will be highly sought after.
你们将获得巨大的机遇，会变得非常抢手。
3.Andy heard you were being sought after by several papers, and he wants it to stop.
安迪听说不少杂志社想挖你，他想要阻止那一切。
4.It's not a highly sought-after position.
这不是个很吃香的职位。
desirable:可取/值得/理想/好的
1.She is a desirable young woman.她是一个性感的年轻女人。
2.Her missing you is an emotional state you find desirable?
她对你的想念之情是你所希望的吧?
3.What could be more desirable than that?
还有什么比这更令人神往呢？
problematic:
1.The reforms could turn out to be highly problematic . 改革最终可能会困难重重。
2.中国的高等教育依然有许多问题。
Higher education in China remains problematic.
3.无语言环境的二语习得困难重重。
It is quite problematic to learn a second language without native-speaking environment.
counterproductive:舍得其反,事与愿违
1.Obama has argued for years that simply isolating enemies is counterproductive.
数年来奥巴马一直主张，只是简单地孤立敌人将会适得其反。
2.Sending young offenders to prison can be counterproductive. 把少年犯送进监狱会产生适得其反的效果。
occasional:
1.I enjoy the occasional glass of wine.
我喜欢偶尔喝一杯葡萄酒。
2.We should have enough money for the occasional trip. 我们的钱应该足够偶尔出去旅行一次的。
3.He works for us on an occasional basis.他在我们这里做临时工。
seasonal:
high/busy/peak season 旺季
low/off season 淡季
1.They are seasonal allergies running in the family.那是有遗传性的季节性过敏。
2.There is plenty of sunshine today with seasonal temperatures.
今天阳光灿烂，气温正常。
3.This area is characterized by seasonal gusts of wind.某地区以季风著称。
go/slide/head downhill: adv. 每况愈下
1.I took on far too much work and after that it was downhill all the way for my health.
那段时间我的工作太繁忙了，从那以后我的身体状况迅速恶化。
2.The alcoholic's health went downhill fast.
嗜酒者的健康状况迅速下降。
3.Things have really gone downhill in my absence.
我走之后，这里的情况急转直下。
4.We both went downhill after Tony killed himself.
Tony自杀后，我们都一蹶不振了。
uphill:艰难的
1.After the recent scandal, he faces an uphill struggle to win back public support before the next election.
在最近的丑闻后，他要在下次竞选前赢回公众支持非常困难。
2.He has an uphill battle against rheumatics.
他与风湿病作艰苦顽强的斗争。
3.It seems like an uphill task for them to win over the U.S. team.
downhill:a. 轻而易举的
be downhill all the way (from here)
apt:
tend to
1.Some of the staff are apt to arrive late on Mondays. 有些职员星期一往往迟到。
恰当的,贴切的,恰如其分的
替换 appropriate, suitable, fitting，形容名词 comment/description/comparison 等
XX is aptly titled/named
an apt student 一名优秀的学生
2.‘Love at first sight’ is a very apt description of how he felt when he saw her. 用“一见钟情”来形容他见到她时的感觉再恰当不过。
3.The punishment should be apt for the crime. 罚应当其罪。
bearable:
一个人知道自己为什么而活，就可以忍受任何一种生活。 --尼采
Any kind of life is bearable if he knows why he lives.
1.我刚失去了唯一一个能让我的生活变得轻松的人。
I just lost the one person that makes my life bearable.
2.The camaraderie among fellow employees made the tedious work just bearable.
同事之间的情谊使枯燥乏味的工作变得还能忍受。
3.But it's bearable now that I' m used to it.
但是既然我已经习惯了它还是可以忍受的。
4.Everyone likes a good laughter; he brings good cheer with him wherever he goes, the very thought of him makes life more bearable.
大家都喜欢善于笑的人，无论他到何处，都带着令人愉快的欢笑，一想起他就会使生活变得比较可以忍受的了。
synonymous:
1.Wealth is not necessarily synonymous with happiness.财富不一定等同于幸福。
2.Nixon’s name has become synonymous with political scandal.
尼克松的名字成了政治丑闻的代名词。
3.aggression is often taken as synonymous with violence.
侵略通常被认为与暴力同义。
4. His deeds had made his name synonymous with victory.
他的英勇事迹使他的名字成了胜利的代名词。
5.Most civil services still tend to be gerontocracies, where age and seniority are synonymous.
大部分公务员还是倾向于老人统治，这一词是年龄和资历的同义词。
approachable: “接地气”
形容人平易近人，不摆架子，为人友善
教材或写作风格通俗易懂又有趣，主意或方法通俗易懂、容易被大众接受
1.You're also approachable, so people enjoy your company and feel at ease around you when it's really nice to put yourself in other people's shoes.
你很平易近人，所以人们喜欢你的陪伴。在你的身边感到自在，你能为他人设身处地的着想。
2.Research has shown that people find gum chewers are also more approachable,that means they're friendlier and easier to talk to.
还有研究显示嚼口香糖的人更平易近人，也就是更友好、更好说话。
3.We are looking for people who appear friendly and approachable, and who we share interests with.
我们会寻找看起来友善，容易接近，有共同兴趣的人。
universal:
universal health care全民医保
universal values普世价值
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that ...
It is a universal truth of human nature that...
China has made remarkable progress toward/towards universal literacy. China has made giant strides in universal access to education.
1.Such problems like nagging are a universal feature of old age.
像唠叨这类的问题是老年人的通病。
2.Is a universal translator possible in real life?
"万能翻译器"可能存在于现实吗？
understandable 情有可原的
可用来表达:没关系
这个词可以体现一个人的同理心和领导力，更容易和别人建立信任的关系,起到好的沟通效果。
1. It is understandable that leaders are angry, and looking for someone to blame. 领导生气了想找个人出气，这是可以理解的。
2.He just can’t face anyone at the moment, which is perfectly understandable . 他现在就是无法面对任何人，这完全可以理解。
3.Well, lots of people have understandable fears about trafficking.
很多人对贩卖人口有无可厚非的恐惧。
3.Well, it's understandable but it's not perfect.
翻译的内容可以理解，但是不够完美。
4.It's completely understandable why you're freaking out.
我很理解你现在为什么抓狂。
5.Stop saying what I did was understandable.
别再说我的所作所为可以理解之类的话。
6.An understandable~ but not excusable mistake. no.
可以理解 但依然错得不可原谅。
much-needed:
+support, assistance, improvement, boost, reform
1.Our company will build an advanced holiday resort around here,which will provide a much-needed boost to local economy.
2.The wise decision provided our company a much-needed opportunity to revive its economy.
3.The acdemic success he has achieved in the past four yours is attributed largely to the change of the much-needed better learning methods taught by Justin and Eric.
alarming:
1.It is alarming/worrying/disturbing that students stay up all night to play computer games.
2. AI technology is alarmingly widespread in the world.
You mean the insecure,touchy-feely she-male who sounded alarmingly close to Ted?
你是指优柔寡断 腻腻歪歪 和Ted没什么两样那一型吗?
educated:
1.Correct speech is an earmark of the educated man.
正确的谈吐是受教育者的特征。
2.He is well educated on women's minds.
他熟知女人们的心思。
3.The public should be educated on the harms of smoking.
公众应该知道吸烟的危害。
mindful:考虑到，明白，意识到...
=conscious/aware of
忠于，重视，牢记，（not）无意，想起，小心
“with X in mind”和“realizing X”
mindful of/that...
背:奥巴马在演讲中非常喜欢的单词，比如他在第一次总统就职典礼上第一句中就用到了：
I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you've bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.
1.He's always mindful of small matters to the neglect oflarge ones.
他总是抓了芝麻,丢了西瓜。
2.We had to be mindful of every step we took on slippery sidewalk.
在很滑的边道行走时, 我们每行一步都必须小心。
3.Keep us mindful of the needs of others.
让我们留意一下他人的需求吧。
springboard: 基础，出发点
Many students take the Postgraduate Admission Test on the grounds that a master’s degree provides a springboard for greater success.
1.The college debating society was a natural springboard for her career in politics.
大学里的辩论社自然成了她从政的跳板。
ground:
1.He stole it on the grounds that he almost starved to death.
cornerstone:
1.Love built on beauty as a cornerstone, soon as beauty, dies.
建立在美貌基础上的爱情，会与美貌一样很快消失。
2.It forms the bedrock of our Constitution and the cornerstone of our way of life.
这构成了我们宪法和我们生活方式的基石。
3.From conception to cornerstone, it only cost five years.
它从构思到开工只用了5年时间。
antidote:一剂良药
背:This is the vaccination against day-to-day firefighting and an antidote for the imbalance many bring upon themselves.
vaccination 是“疫苗”，在这里表示“预防措施”，antidote 是“解药”，在这里表示“矫正方法”。
1.Laughter is the antidote to stress. 笑是舒缓压力的良药
2.The best antidote to false speech is more speech.
对付谣言最好的办法 就是更多的言论。
hitch: 意思差不多的常见表达还有 glitch、hiccup、snag、blip 等
1.In spite of some technical hitches, the first program was a success. 尽管出现了一些小小的技术故障，第一个节目还是很成功。
2.There have been a few last-minute hitches. 最后一刻出现了一些小问题
3.It is dangerous to think that after this one victory everything will go off without a hitch.
parlor:
source:“XX 的来源”，比如“收入来源”就可以说成“a source of income”。a source of 后常接抽象名词，比如 delight、strength、happiness、progress 等，
“得益于” “赋予” “带来”
1.For me, music is a great source of enjoyment. 对我来说，音乐是快乐的重要源泉。
2.Do you have any sources on the force?
你在警局方面有没有线人？
3.Devotion and continuous progress are the sources of my confidence.
stepping stone:
1.省省吧，你不过是他成功路上的垫脚石。You are just a stepping stone to his success/in his eyes.
2.An attractive performance or reference serves as a stepping stone to a good offer.
...served as/is widely considered/turned out to be a stepping stone to/for...
hurdle:
1.There are still many hurdles to clear/overcome/get over if I want to write well in English.
access:
1.Access to the arts is intrinsic to a high quality of life.
接触艺术是高质量生活之本。
2.We were denied access to our grandson.
我们被剥夺了看望孙儿的权利。
soft spot: xx控，崇尚...
1. I have half of a soft spot for mobile phone.
2.I'm a foodie,so I have a soft spot for gourmet food.
3.又想告白啦~只怪我心太软~
I feel that I've got a soft spot for you.
weakness:嗜好，癖好，迷恋
He had a weakness for cats.
弱点:
You gave in to a human weakness.
engine:
1.The Marshall Plan was the engine of post-war economic growth. 马歇尔计划是战后经济发展的原动力。
2.The youth are engines of social mobility and innovation.
青年人是社会发展创新的引擎。
alternative:
1.There's no alternative but to give way to her.
alternate:轮流/交替/间隔/代替的
equivalent:
1.Some concepts in Chinese medicine have no exact equivalent in Western medicine. 中医的一些概念在西医中没有完全一样的对应观念。
2.Aliyun is regarded as the Chinese equivalent of AWS.
thirst:
1.他不努力学习不读书，还想拿高分。Even though he has little appetite for reading books and hard work,he has a huge thirst for high scores.
2.She has an unquenchable thirst for makeup.
sway（n.）:
1.我们经常受感情支配。
We are often under the sway of sentiment.
2.这些思想支配了他好几年。
These ideas held sway over him for several years.
the easy sway of her hips
她臀部的轻快摇摆
panacea:
1.There's no panacea for aging problems.
2.限薪令对缩小贫富差距的努力
Limited pay order, though not a universal panacea for the problem of the growing gap between rich and poor in China, would be a reform/change/step in the right direction.
cause:
1.This decision gave him cause for both hope and worry.
2.His being out of a work is grounds for anxiety, but not yet cause for alarm.
parallel:
1.There are many interesting parallels between teaching and performing.
2.Entering the world of fine art, she found many parallels with the world of fashion. 当她踏入美术界后，发现这里与时装界有许多共通之处。
3.He has been drawn many parallels with his teacher.
recipe（for...）:
原因/关键/诀窍是+success,
导致+failure,disaster,chaos...
1.What's your recipe for a happy marriage?
你认为幸福婚姻有什么秘方？
2.His plans are a recipe for disaster.
他的计划漏洞百出，后患无穷。
3.走出失恋阴影的秘诀就是再找一个。
The recipe for getting out of the lovelorn misery is to find another one.
godsend:
1.The hot weather has been a godsend for ice-cream sellers. 炎热的天气对于冰激凌售卖者来说是天赐良机。
2.真是天赐良机/天助我也/天公作美！
What a god-sent chance on me！
3.It was a godsend that he was there.
4.A bit of unindulged sexual tension in an office is a godsend .
办公室里一些无伤大雅的异性吸引力是天赐之福。
5.The widespread rain was a godsend for farmers.
synonym:代名词，代表/代号/化身/象征
1.Nixon’s name has become synonymous with political scandal. 尼克松的名字成了政治丑闻的代名词。
2.The Victorian age is a synonym for sexual puritanism.
维多利亚时代是性禁欲主义的代名词。
3.Where once " prosperous" was a synonym for overweight, being fit (and thin with it) is a marker of status.
“丰满”一度是超重的代名词，保持健美（或瘦）是身份的标志。
4.诸葛亮在民间传说中是智慧的代名词。
Zhuge Liang is a synonym for wisdom in folklore
5.肉夹馍是陕西饮食文化的代表。
Chinese burger,as known as "roujiamo",has been a synonym/byword for ShaanXi's food culture.
passport
1.She saw a good diet as a passport to good health. 她认为合理饮食能带来健康。
2.Don’t assume that winning a talent contest is a passport to success. 不要以为在才艺比赛中得了奖今后就一定会成功。
3.
Quite a number of young people regard money as a passport to happiness.
相当一部分年轻人坚持认为金钱是获得幸福的保证。
4.A professional resume is a passport to a well-paid job.
shift（n.）
a shift in public opinion/perspective；a shift in emphasis/mood/tone；a shift in direction/focus/policy/strategy
1.There will be a shift of responsibility when she takes the new position.
2.The night shift has/have just come off duty.上夜班的刚刚下班。
3.Recent years have seen a shift in public opinion to lifestyle.
4.With her baby's birth comes a shift in emphsis of the woman's life.
backbone:勇气，骨气，毅力
1.Stuart doesn’t have the backbone to be a good manager. 斯图尔特不具备一个优秀管理人员应有的毅力。
2.He doesn't have the backbone to face the truth.他没勇气面对现实。
3.The wounded soldiers showed much backbone before the enemy.
受伤的士兵在敌人面前表现出了威武不屈的精神。
appeal:
1.The girl's family have made a public appeal for help to try and catch her killer. 那名遇害女孩的家人吁请公众协助捉拿凶手。
2.The sentence was reduced to three years on appeal. 通过上诉，刑期减为三年。
3.You need to have reasonable grounds for your appeal. 上诉要有正当理由。
4.She’s definitely got sex appeal (=she is sexually attractive ) . 她绝对性感。
essence:精髓,内核,本质
=core,nature,soul
chicken essence 鸡精
自由的本质在于自律。
The essence of freedom is
self-discipline.
edge:
1.AndrewNg is on the cutting edge of Machine Learning.
2.As far as dating is concerned,being good at cooking is an absolute edge.
3.I have an edge over him in terms of experience and knowledge.
trade-off: 权衡，折中
You cannot have your cake and eat it too.鱼与熊掌不可兼得
In statistics and machine learning, the bias–variance tradeoff is the property of
a set of predictive models whereby models with a lower bias in parameter estimation have a higher variance of the parameter estimates across samples, and vice versa.
norm:
the social norm,becomes/remains the norm
1.Older parents seem to be the norm rather than the exception nowadays.
2.Joyce’s style of writing was a striking departure from the literary norm . 乔伊斯的写作风格与传统的文学风格大相径庭。
3.Of his age, the child is above the norm in arithmetic.
在他那个年龄, 这个孩子的算术能力是超过标准的。
cement v.=加强巩固 strengthen
1.总统的访问是为了加强两国的联盟。
The President's visit was intended to cement the alliance between the two countries.
sway:
1.He is apt to be swayed by irrational considerations.
2.We are often swayed by sentiment.
3.She wasn't swayed by his good looks and his clever talk.
4.He was quick to exploit those who fell under his sway.
5.Don’t allow yourself to be swayed by his promises. 你可不要听了他的许诺就改变主意呀。
toughen:
1.Three years in the army toughened him up. 在部队的三年使他更加坚强了。
2.He's trying to toughen up his image/stance.
3.In order to toughen my will,I accepted the challenge.
invite:
1.你这是在自找麻烦。
You are inviting troubles.（You are asking for trouble/chasing your tail.）
2.他激进的行为招致人们的不满。
His aggressive behavior invited people's discontent.
gauge=evaluate,estimate,measure 估计，衡量，推测
1.你对他的品行作何评价？
How would you gauge his conduct？
2.他竟然以小人之心度君子之腹。
He should have gauged the heart of a gentleman with his own mean measure.
3.你打算如何吸引他们？
How would you gauge their interest?
leave:
1.不要丢下我一个人。
Don't leave me alone.
2.你的无理取闹让我别无选择只能选择分手。
Your unreasonable troubles leave me no choice but to break up.
factor in:
1.请在考虑到具体情况下再对我做评价。Please give me the comment factoring in the specific circumstances.
2.一考虑到工作问题没解决，他夜不能寐。Once job hunting problem was factored in,he could not fall asleep at night.
3.美国起到了重要作用。
The United States factors in here too.
characterize:
1.Bright colours characterize/mark his paintings. 明亮的色彩是他绘画作品的特点。
图片发自简书App
图片发自简书App
enable:
1.互联网公司高层的决策有时可以决定它的命运。
These choices are part of what enabled the company to be successful.
2.她再次跪下祈祷上帝能实现她的愿望。
Again she fell upon her knees, and prayed God to enable her.
3.阅读和音乐使我能暂时忘却俗世的纷繁。
Reading and music enables me to forget about the trifling mortal life.
感觉Of Study这句可以把make换成enable哦~
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in morse.
读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩;凡有所学,皆成性格。
justify:
The ends do not justify the means
(=you should not use violence, cruelty, dishonest behaviour etc to achieve your aims) . 不可为了达到目的而不择手段。
1.How can we justify spending so much money on arms? 我们怎么才能解释花那么多钱购买武器是正当的呢？
2.I don’t have to justify myself to you or anyone else. 我不需要为我的行为向你或任何人解释。
3.Nothing justifies murdering another human being. 什么都不能成为谋杀他人的正当理由。
4.They claim the war is justified on moral grounds. 他们声称这场战争合乎道义。
5.How can they justify such big rent increases? 租金涨那么多，他们怎么能说得过去？
prevail:
1.他想过要说谎，不过后来理智还是占了上风。
He considered lying, but then common sense prevailed.
2.内心的力量将促使你战胜生活中的困难。
Your inner strength will enable you to prevail over life’s obstacles.
3.他力排众议当上了班长。
He prevailed over all dissenting views and became our monitor.
4.她说服父亲保持缄默。
She prevailed on/upon/with her father to say nothing.
translate:
1.他被调到乡下工作
He was translated to the countryside to work.
2. 爷爷走了
My grandpa has translated into heaven recently.
3.持续的输入与总结造就自如的输出与创作。
Persistent input and summary can translate into the output and writings natually.
4.持续出色的表现意味着深厚的底蕴。
Deep foundation translates into consistently good performance.
boast:
1.我的名字在全中国独一无二
My proudest boast is that I have a unique Chinese name.
2.The library boasts first edition of Shakespeare.
3.The hotel boasts high standards of comfort.
loom：
1.困难像弹簧, 你弱他就强。
Problems loom large when men don't.
2.一场苦斗迫在眉睫。
A hard struggle looms ahead.
3.大雾中隐隐出现了一艘军舰。
A warship loomed up through the heavy fog.
see：
1.结婚戒指见证了父母的爱情。
The rings have seen my parent's love of each other.
2.这一年读了许多书，我的心智成熟不少。
This year many books saw the shift of my mind.
emerge：
1.She emerged as a new star in the literary world.
2.She emerged from the scandal with her reputation intact.
vary：
1.因地制宜
No uniformity should be imposed since conditions vary from place to place.
2.因人而异
Temperaments vary from person to person.
Most things that are enjoyed in and of themselves vary from person to person.
3.泡菜的差异
Kimchi recipes and ingredients vary from village to village and not only between North and South.
4.A pumpkin's skin color can vary from dark to light green, sometimes with yellow markings that give it a mottled or striped look.
last：
1.事态严重，不能让它持续发展了。
This state of affairs must not be allowed to last.
2.一个人不进食，生命能维持多久？
How long can a person last without food and water?
outlive：
行不通了，过时了，形同虚设
1.IT行业更新换代很快
Some out-dated architectures have outlived their usefulness.
2.过河拆桥 兔死狗烹
go unnoticed：
1.Their marriage goes unaccepted by the two families.
2.His movie goes unfavored in the market.
3.Japanese' violence in China will hardly go unnoticed even though time passes by.
trouble：
1.take the trouble to do something; concern oneself
He did not trouble/bother （himself）to call his mother on her birthday
2.家庭矛盾曾困扰我多年。
Family contradictions have troubled me for years.
3.优柔寡断、反复无常是硬伤啊....
I'm always troubled by my indecisive and capricious character.
图片发自简书App
upend颠覆：
1.不可以貌取人 His gentility upends my first impression on his appearance.
2.And so what lived and died, what was structured, has now been upended at all/flipped on its head.
help：
1.女生约会打扮一下以示尊重。
When it comes to a dating,dressing up a little would help a lot.
2.过去的事我们无法挽回 We can't help what's past.
suffice：
1.凭他的实力，要赢得比赛绰绰有余。
With his strength,winning the game will more than suffice.
2.No word will suffice to express my ecstasy if I could join in the readathon next time.
3.不用说他们一定有奸情。
Suffice it to say that they have an affair.
remain：
1.Although separated for a time,our friendship remains the same.
2.合同仍在有效期 This contract still remains in force.
3.He remains as if unmoved by her tears.
4.It remains a question of who should blame for this accident.
图片发自简书App
favor：
1.I drove her to the airport because I owed her a favor.
2.She's willing to help you but only as a favor to me.
3.Free,rational notion of marriage has been increasingly favored by young generation.
shift：
翻译:This consumer goods company has shifted its strategy from domestic market to the foreign market.
造句:
1.场景:上司对职场小白的提醒
As a newcomer/greenhand to the workplace,you must adjust your mindset and change your identity as soon as possible,realizing that you have shifted from a student to a professional.
2.世界形势瞬息万变，唯一不变的就是变化。
Under the shifting sands（vicissitudes） of the world situation,winners are always those who embrace change,seize opportunities and keep their original intentions.
shape：
场景:来自一名程序猿的自我安慰
Programming helps shape my logical thinking.
场景:职业和受教育程度也会影响人的说话和思维方式。
Career and education helps shape how we speak and think.
场景:业余时间决定了人与人的差别
Spare time shapes our life and the difference between one another.
<翻译一段好文字:
How far you can go is necessarily based on your attitude and powerful mindset. A good attitude/a strong heart allows us to have more opportunities.
It also based on the thickness of our foundation（底蕴的厚度）, within it you can continue to transform again and again.
At the same time, there is also a pattern and tolerance（格局和气度）. Deeply knowing the trend（the shape of things to come） and what we are going to do, we can be sustainable in the long run of life.>
场景:训练,整顿,使像样
That new trainer should soon lick our team into shape.
场景:表达不清
I'm having trouble giving shape to my ideas in this essay.
场景:最后通碟
This is your final warning!Shape up or ship out!
count：
场景:尼克胡哲让我明白
What counts/matters the most is not what life gives you, but with what attitude you live it.
场景:行百里者半九十
What counts/matters the most is not how far you have gone, but where you are going.
场景:选择,计划和执行力大于盲目努力。
Choice,direction,plan and execution counts/matters more than blind effort.
场景:这局不算，你耍赖!
This doesn't count,you are swearing.
场景:灰太狼说
I'll be back,count on me.
场景:刘谦说
Counting to three is the moment to witness the miracle.
cripple：
1.翻译: Typhoon Mangkhut has severely crippled power supply and communication services in Hong Kong and Guangdong.
2.场景:近日刘强东的丑闻使京东的声誉和股价受到重创。
造句:Recently,Jingdong's reputation and stock price has been crippled by Liu QiangDong's scandel in America.
1.结婚戒指见证了父母的爱情。
The rings have seen my parent's love of each other.
2.这一年读了许多书，我的心智成熟不少。
This year many books saw the shift of my mind.
