highlight: atom-one-light
theme: juejin
前言
对象alloc、init写了很多年,但是对于alloc里面的内部实现只知道创建了一个对象,分配了一个存储对象的内存空间。但是它是如何分配空间,分配的内存大小是多少?,分配的内存是怎么跟类关联的等等都一知半解,今天带着这些疑问,探究一下alloc内部实现.
前期准备
在apple开源网站下载objc4源代码,里面有很多版本,由于最新的版本objc4——824现在无法下载,所以我选择的是objc4-818.2版本进行下载。下载完成之后的代码是不可以直接编译的,需要自己去配置,配置过程可以看这篇博客:iOS-底层原理 03:objc4-781 源码编译 & 调试
开始探究
1.alloc与init的作用
ZFPerson *p = [ZFPerson alloc];
ZFPerson *p1 = [p init];
ZFPerson *p2 = [p init];
NSLog(@"p = %@ pAddr = %p",p,&p);
NSLog(@"p1 = %@ p1Addr = %p",p1,&p1);
NSLog(@"p2 = %@ p2Addr = %p",p2,&p2);
打印的结果
p = <ZFPerson: 0x10123b230> pAddr = 0x7ffeefbff3f8
p1 = <ZFPerson: 0x10123b230> ·p1Addr = 0x7ffeefbff3e8
p2 = <ZFPerson: 0x10123b230> p2Addr = 0x7ffeefbff3f0
从打印的结果我们可以得出p1,p2,p3指针,指向的内存空间是同一块,为了方便理解我画了下面这么一张图
结论: 1.alloc具有分配内存空间的作用 2.init只是类的构造方法,不具备开辟内存空间的能力
2.alloc的探究
创建一个ZFPerson对象,command+点击alloc,跟进alloc内部,发现alloc内部会调用callAlloc函数,在callAlloc打上一断点发现会有很多地方都在调用callAlloc函数
+ (id)alloc {
return _objc_rootAlloc(self);
}
id _objc_rootAlloc(Class cls)
{
return callAlloc(cls, false/*checkNil*/, true/*allocWithZone*/);
}
那么问题就来了,我们调用alloc->callAlloc函数执行流程是不是alloc->_objc_rootAlloc——>callAlloc流程呢?抱着这个疑问,看了一下堆栈信息
很明显调用alloc的时候,底层没有调用alloc函数,而是调用了objc_alloc函数。
(猜测底层做了hook处理,暂不探究)
继续执行断点会发现函数会执行到objc_msgSend(cls, @selector(alloc),也就是会走到alloc函数中
到这里先画一个流程图总结一下alloc流程
现在流程走到了_objc_rootAllocWithZone函数
,继续走到了_class_createInstanceFromZone函数。
3.alloc流程核心方法探究
进到_class_createInstanceFromZone函数发现内部在计算内存大小,分配空间,关联类的isa指针,所以这就是alloc内部实现核心代码。
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
_class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes, void *zone,
int construct_flags = OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_NONE,
bool cxxConstruct = true,
size_t *outAllocatedSize = nil)
{
ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
// Read class's info bits all at once for performance
bool hasCxxCtor = cxxConstruct && cls->hasCxxCtor();
bool hasCxxDtor = cls->hasCxxDtor(); //加载类缓存里面的bit信息
bool fast = cls->canAllocNonpointer();
size_t size;
//1.计算开辟空间大小
size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes);
if (outAllocatedSize) *outAllocatedSize = size;
//2.开辟内存
id obj;
if (zone) {
obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
} else {
obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
}
if (slowpath(!obj)) {
if (construct_flags & OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC) {
return _objc_callBadAllocHandler(cls);
}
return nil;
}
//3.绑定isa
if (!zone && fast) {
obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor);
} else {
// Use raw pointer isa on the assumption that they might be
// doing something weird with the zone or RR.
obj->initIsa(cls);
}
if (fastpath(!hasCxxCtor)) {
return obj;
}
construct_flags |= OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_FREE_ONFAILURE;
return object_cxxConstructFromClass(obj, cls, construct_flags);
}
3.1 计算内存大小cls->instanceSize
inline size_t instanceSize(size_t extraBytes) const {
//获取缓存内存大小,并且16字节对齐
if (fastpath(cache.hasFastInstanceSize(extraBytes))) {
return cache.fastInstanceSize(extraBytes);
}
//计算内存大小以及内存对齐 extraBytes = 0
size_t size = alignedInstanceSize() + extraBytes;
// CF requires all objects be at least 16 bytes.
if (size < 16) size = 16;
return size;
}
进入instanceSize函数发现,获取instanceSize的方式有两种,一种是从缓存中获取,另外一种从类的数据中获取
3.1.1 fastInstanceSize
size_t fastInstanceSize(size_t extra) const {
ASSERT(hasFastInstanceSize(extra));
if (__builtin_constant_p(extra) && extra == 0) {
return _flags & FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_MASK16;
} else {
size_t size = _flags & FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_MASK;
// remove the FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_DELTA16 that was added
// by setFastInstanceSize
//16字节对齐
return align16(size + extra - FAST_CACHE_ALLOC_DELTA16);
}
}
static inline size_t align16(size_t x) {
//16字节对齐
return (x + size_t(15)) & ~size_t(15);
}
3.1.2 alignedInstanceSize 方式
// Class's ivar size rounded up to a pointer-size boundary.
uint32_t alignedInstanceSize() const {
//内存对齐,unalignedInstanceSize()获取为对齐的内存大小
return word_align(unalignedInstanceSize());
}
// May be unaligned depending on class's ivars.
uint32_t unalignedInstanceSize() const {
ASSERT(isRealized());
//获取实例大小
return data()->ro()->instanceSize;
}
3.2 开辟内存calloc(1, size)
3.3 绑定isa
具体流程是创建一个isa指针与类关联,最后与obj关联
objc_object::initInstanceIsa(Class cls, bool hasCxxDtor)
{
initIsa(cls, true, hasCxxDtor);
}
inline void
objc_object::initIsa(Class cls, bool nonpointer, UNUSED_WITHOUT_INDEXED_ISA_AND_DTOR_BIT bool hasCxxDtor)
{
isa_t newisa(0); //初始化一个isa指针
newisa.bits = ISA_MAGIC_VALUE;
// isa.magic is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
// isa.nonpointer is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
newisa.setClass(cls, this); //关联类上
newisa.extra_rc = 1;
// This write must be performed in a single store in some cases
// (for example when realizing a class because other threads
// may simultaneously try to use the class).
// fixme use atomics here to guarantee single-store and to
// guarantee memory order w.r.t. the class index table
// ...but not too atomic because we don't want to hurt instantiation
isa = newisa;
}
4.总结
4.1 对象alloc的流程就是
objc_alloc->callAlloc->alloc->_objc_rootAlloc->callAlloc->_objc_rootAllocWithZone->_class_createInstanceFromZone->(cls->instanceSize(extraBytes))->calloc(1, size)->(obj->initInstanceIsa)
4.2 alloc一个对象的核心步骤
- 获取类的内存大小size
- 分配大小为size的内存空间
- 将分配的空间与类的isa进行关联