3分钟短文：看傻眼！Laravel给数据库造假竟成工具链

引言

上一章我们了解了使用laravel迁移功能创建数据库表，把DBA的工作挪到开发端，这样把岗位都省出来了。但是只有光秃秃的数据库表，有个壳子没有数据确实没啥用。本文为大家讲讲laravel怎么给数据库造假数据，堂而皇之地假装生产。

img

本文使用的构建方式都是写脏数据，乱数据，无实质意义的数据，只对应用程序和数据库有用，别的嘛用没有！

代码时间

就好比说种地要有种子，有了种子就可以长出庄稼和粮食；子子孙孙无穷尽也。数据库也一样，数据库表就好比是地，种地我们得有种子，才能在命令行这样使用：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="php" cid="n9" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">php artisan migrate --seed</pre>

或者让数据库一切从头开始，旧的数据清空，然后填充：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="php" cid="n11" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">php artisan migrate:fresh --seed</pre>

这是针对所有的迁移和所有的种子文件而言的，如单独指定种子文件，可以这样做：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="php" cid="n13" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">php artisan db:seed
php artisan db:seed --class=VotesTableSeeder</pre>

上一章我们算是把地给准备好了，下面就开始准备一袋种子，使用命令行脚手架指令：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="php" cid="n15" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">php artisan make:seeder ContactsTableSeeder</pre>

上述指令会生成文件 ** database/seeds/ContactsTableSeeder.php**。

为了把种子文件引入使用，在 database/seeds/DatabaseSeeder.php 文件内添加如下代码：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="php" cid="n18" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public function run()
{
$this->call(ContactsTableSeeder::class);
}</pre>

然后手动实现 ContactsTableSeeder 类的 run() 方法：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="php" cid="n20" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class ContactsTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
public function run()
{
DB::table('contacts')->insert([
'name' => 'Tom Hanks'
'email' => 'tomhanks@gmail.com',
]);
}
}</pre>

看到这儿大家应该熟悉了吧，原生的数据库CRUD操作，直接指定表名，并 insert 插入一条新的数据。就这么简单，就这么一个动作。但是，上面的方式，只能创建一条数据，我们要造假，怎么也得大规模造假，大规模的数据吧。

模型工厂

说一个高深玄乎的概念吧，听上去高大上，其实用法超简单。

模型工厂！

这个是啥，就是生产模型的工厂。模型好比一个模具，有了模具，在工厂里可以加工出来数以千计数以万计的产品。模型工厂就是这么个用法。

还是使用命令行脚手架创建：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="php" cid="n27" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">php artisan make:factory ContactFactory --model=Contact</pre>

上述指令会在 database/factories 目录下创建一个php文件 ContactFactory.php，我们指定是给 contacts 表对应的 Contact 模型文件生产数据的。

在文件内添加如下代码：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="php" cid="n30" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">use APP\Contact;
use Faker\Generator as Faker;

$factory->define(Contact::class, function (Faker\Generator$ faker) {
return [
'name' => $faker->name, 'email' =>$ faker->email,
];
});</pre>

这个文件为啥长这样？为什么这么写？类不类，方法不方法，函数不函数的！没错，就是一个代码片段，laravel约定的东西，你这么写，在执行数据填充和测试的时候，它就起作用！就这么神奇。

那如何控制填充条数呢？只要在需要填充数据的地方调用工厂类即可：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="php" cid="n33" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">$contact = factory(Contact::class)->create();</pre>

这是一条数据，可以指定创建 500 条：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="php" cid="n35" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">factory(Contact::class, 500)->create();</pre>

怎么理解呢，就是我们创建了模型工厂类 ContactFactory，然后使用 factory 快捷函数进行实例化调用，并使用工厂类内的数据，对每个模型发起N次指定方法的调用。

OK，模型工厂有很多奇思妙想的玩法，对于本文就简单说到这儿吧。

写在最后

本文介绍了使用laravel的Seeder进行数据填充，为了高效填充，我们介绍了工厂模式，这个高级玩意儿，确实用法有点偏，本不在五行八卦之列。希望大家用的开心。

Happy coding :-)

我是@程序员小助手，专注编程知识，圈子动态的IT领域原创作者