HashMap数据结构
HashMap继承图
HashMap的主要属性
/**
* The default initial capacity - MUST be a power of two.
*/
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
/**
* The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified
* by either of the constructors with arguments.
* MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30.
*/
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
- 负载率,已经使用的bucket和table长度的比值
/**
* The load factor used when none specified in constructor.
*/
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
HashMap主要方法
static final int hash(Object key) {
int h;
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}
- 设计者想了一个顾全大局的方法(综合考虑了速度、作用、质量),就是把高16bit和低16bit异或了一下。设计者还解释到因为现在大多数的hashCode的分布已经很不错了,就算是发生了碰撞也用O(logn)的tree去做了。仅仅异或一下,既减少了系统的开销,也不会造成的因为高位没有参与下标的计算(table长度比较小时),从而引起的碰撞。
- 求index,h & (length -1)
static int indexFor(int h, int length) { //jdk1.7的实现
return h & (length-1); //第三步 取模运算
}
tab[i = (n - 1) & hash] //jdk1.8中实现
- 这样做的原因:位操作的效率高于模的效率
- 这样做的条件:table的length为2的整数次方时,h % length 和h & (length-1)是等价的
- put方法
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}
//onlyIfAbsent控制已存在Key的行为,若为true,则Key存在时不修改
//evict用于控制插入回调函数的行为,构造函数中调用evict为false,其余为true
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
boolean evict) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
else {
Node<K,V> e; K k;
//根节点的Key就是要插入的Key
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
e = p;
else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
else {
for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
if ((e = p.next) == null) {
p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
break;
}
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
break;
p = e;
}
}
if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
V oldValue = e.value;
if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
e.value = value;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue;
}
}
++modCount;
if (++size > threshold)
resize();
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
return null;
}
参考来源