一、语态的含义
语态是动词的一种形式，用于表述主语和谓语之间的关系。
1、主动语态表示主语动作的执行者
① I am eating an apple.
② I eat an apple.
2、被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
① An apple is being eaten by me.
② An apple is eaten by me.
二、语态的构成
以 “ take ” 为例
重要补充：
1、被动语态构成除了“ be+done” 外，还可用 “get+done" 的结构（后面一般不接by）
① Hundreds of people get killed every year by traffic on the roads.
② The boy got hurt on his way to school.
2、被动语态可含有情态动词，结构为 “情态动词+be+done”
① This must be done as soon as possible.
② What has done cannot be undone.覆水难收
③ These stairs should be repaired.
④ Be careful , or you might be knocked down.
三、被动语态的常见用法
1、强调或侧重动作的承受者时使用。
① A good time was had by all. = We all had a good time.
② The film was directed by her. = She directed the film.
③ Helen was sent to the school by her parents when she was nine. = Helen's parents sent her to the school when she was nine
2、当不知道动作的执行者，或不必要提出动作的执行者（如我们，人们等）时使用。
① Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
印刷术被引入欧洲从中国。/印刷术被从中国引入欧洲。
印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。√
② Everything has been taken away.
一切都被拿走了。√
③ You'll be contacted.
你将会被联系。
我们会和你联系的。（We will contact you.）√
3、某种形式主语的固定句型
本质：宾语是 that 引导的宾语从句，变为被动结构后，用 it 做形式主语。
① They know that he is an expert.
=It is know that he is an expert. 众所周知...
② People said that Mary used to be a good singer.
=It is said that Mary used to be a good singer. 据说
练习
【用被动语态】翻译：要鼓励旅游业发展绿色旅游。努力稳定和发展电动汽车消费。地方政府应微调限制购车的政策。加强城市及乡村经济结构。
Tourism should be encouraged to develop the plans of the green trips.
Efforts will be made to stabilize and expand the consumption of electric cars/vehicles.
Local goverment are expected to fine-tune the restrictive measures regarding car purchase.
Construction of business in country and townships will be strengthened.
主动：
We should encourage the toutism industy to develop the plans of the green trips.
We should try our best to stablize and develop the consumption of electric cars.
The local goverment should adjust the measures to restrict people to purchase cars.
We should strengthen the construction of business in country and townships.
