viewpager作为android官方的控件，一般情况下都是viewpager+fragment的模式，用过viewpage的人都知道它里面坑比较多，下面带着问题来看下viewpager。
1.viewpager是如何滑动的
2.viewpager支持刷新么
3.viewpager的缓存机制
首先先分析下viewpager里的onMeasure方法
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
// 重点一：
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(0, widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(0, heightMeasureSpec));
final int measuredWidth = getMeasuredWidth();
final int maxGutterSize = measuredWidth / 10;
mGutterSize = Math.min(maxGutterSize, mDefaultGutterSize);
// Children are just made to fill our space.
int childWidthSize = measuredWidth - getPaddingLeft() - getPaddingRight();
int childHeightSize = getMeasuredHeight() - getPaddingTop() - getPaddingBottom();
/*
* Make sure all children have been properly measured. Decor views first.
* Right now we cheat and make this less complicated by assuming decor
* views won't intersect. We will pin to edges based on gravity.
*/
int size = getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
final View child = getChildAt(i);
if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
if (lp != null && lp.isDecor) {
final int hgrav = lp.gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
final int vgrav = lp.gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
boolean consumeVertical = vgrav == Gravity.TOP || vgrav == Gravity.BOTTOM;
boolean consumeHorizontal = hgrav == Gravity.LEFT || hgrav == Gravity.RIGHT;
if (consumeVertical) {
widthMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (consumeHorizontal) {
heightMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
}
int widthSize = childWidthSize;
int heightSize = childHeightSize;
if (lp.width != LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
widthMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
if (lp.width != LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
widthSize = lp.width;
}
}
if (lp.height != LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
heightMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
if (lp.height != LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
heightSize = lp.height;
}
}
final int widthSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(widthSize, widthMode);
final int heightSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(heightSize, heightMode);
child.measure(widthSpec, heightSpec);
if (consumeVertical) {
childHeightSize -= child.getMeasuredHeight();
} else if (consumeHorizontal) {
childWidthSize -= child.getMeasuredWidth();
}
}
}
}
mChildWidthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(childWidthSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
mChildHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(childHeightSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
// Make sure we have created all fragments that we need to have shown.
mInLayout = true;
//重点二：
populate();
mInLayout = false;
// Page views next.
size = getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
final View child = getChildAt(i);
if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
if (DEBUG) {
Log.v(TAG, "Measuring #" + i + " " + child + ": " + mChildWidthMeasureSpec);
}
final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
if (lp == null || !lp.isDecor) {
final int widthSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
(int) (childWidthSize * lp.widthFactor), MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
child.measure(widthSpec, mChildHeightMeasureSpec);
}
}
}
}
重点一：我们知道一般在viewgroup的onMeaure中的职责便是确定自己的宽高，然后测量子view的宽高，最后在根据子view的宽高做点自适应的操作，而viewpager一开始就确定了宽高，这也导致了无法做到自适应的效果（官方可能觉得没必要）
重点二：viewpager的测量里，主要还是他的populate方法，也是和缓存相关的一个方法，可以说是viewpager的预布局，其layout方法的位置参照与这个预布局的值
进入populate看下
void populate(int newCurrentItem) {
ItemInfo oldCurInfo = null;
if (mCurItem != newCurrentItem) {
oldCurInfo = infoForPosition(mCurItem);
mCurItem = newCurrentItem;
}
if (mAdapter == null) {
sortChildDrawingOrder();
return;
}
// Bail now if we are waiting to populate. This is to hold off
// on creating views from the time the user releases their finger to
// fling to a new position until we have finished the scroll to
// that position, avoiding glitches from happening at that point.
if (mPopulatePending) {
if (DEBUG) Log.i(TAG, "populate is pending, skipping for now...");
sortChildDrawingOrder();
return;
}
// Also, don't populate until we are attached to a window. This is to
// avoid trying to populate before we have restored our view hierarchy
// state and conflicting with what is restored.
if (getWindowToken() == null) {
return;
}
mAdapter.startUpdate(this);
final int pageLimit = mOffscreenPageLimit;
final int startPos = Math.max(0, mCurItem - pageLimit);
final int N = mAdapter.getCount();
final int endPos = Math.min(N - 1, mCurItem + pageLimit);
if (N != mExpectedAdapterCount) {
String resName;
try {
resName = getResources().getResourceName(getId());
} catch (Resources.NotFoundException e) {
resName = Integer.toHexString(getId());
}
throw new IllegalStateException("The application's PagerAdapter changed the adapter's"
+ " contents without calling PagerAdapter#notifyDataSetChanged!"
+ " Expected adapter item count: " + mExpectedAdapterCount + ", found: " + N
+ " Pager id: " + resName
+ " Pager class: " + getClass()
+ " Problematic adapter: " + mAdapter.getClass());
}
// Locate the currently focused item or add it if needed.
int curIndex = -1;
ItemInfo curItem = null;
for (curIndex = 0; curIndex < mItems.size(); curIndex++) {
final ItemInfo ii = mItems.get(curIndex);
if (ii.position >= mCurItem) {
if (ii.position == mCurItem) curItem = ii;
break;
}
}
if (curItem == null && N > 0) {
curItem = addNewItem(mCurItem, curIndex);
}
// Fill 3x the available width or up to the number of offscreen
// pages requested to either side, whichever is larger.
// If we have no current item we have no work to do.
if (curItem != null) {
float extraWidthLeft = 0.f;
int itemIndex = curIndex - 1;
ItemInfo ii = itemIndex >= 0 ? mItems.get(itemIndex) : null;
final int clientWidth = getClientWidth();
final float leftWidthNeeded = clientWidth <= 0 ? 0 :
2.f - curItem.widthFactor + (float) getPaddingLeft() / (float) clientWidth;
for (int pos = mCurItem - 1; pos >= 0; pos--) {
if (extraWidthLeft >= leftWidthNeeded && pos < startPos) {
if (ii == null) {
break;
}
if (pos == ii.position && !ii.scrolling) {
mItems.remove(itemIndex);
mAdapter.destroyItem(this, pos, ii.object);
if (DEBUG) {
Log.i(TAG, "populate() - destroyItem() with pos: " + pos
+ " view: " + ((View) ii.object));
}
itemIndex--;
curIndex--;
ii = itemIndex >= 0 ? mItems.get(itemIndex) : null;
}
} else if (ii != null && pos == ii.position) {
extraWidthLeft += ii.widthFactor;
itemIndex--;
ii = itemIndex >= 0 ? mItems.get(itemIndex) : null;
} else {
ii = addNewItem(pos, itemIndex + 1);
extraWidthLeft += ii.widthFactor;
curIndex++;
ii = itemIndex >= 0 ? mItems.get(itemIndex) : null;
}
}
float extraWidthRight = curItem.widthFactor;
itemIndex = curIndex + 1;
if (extraWidthRight < 2.f) {
ii = itemIndex < mItems.size() ? mItems.get(itemIndex) : null;
final float rightWidthNeeded = clientWidth <= 0 ? 0 :
(float) getPaddingRight() / (float) clientWidth + 2.f;
for (int pos = mCurItem + 1; pos < N; pos++) {
if (extraWidthRight >= rightWidthNeeded && pos > endPos) {
if (ii == null) {
break;
}
if (pos == ii.position && !ii.scrolling) {
mItems.remove(itemIndex);
mAdapter.destroyItem(this, pos, ii.object);
if (DEBUG) {
Log.i(TAG, "populate() - destroyItem() with pos: " + pos
+ " view: " + ((View) ii.object));
}
ii = itemIndex < mItems.size() ? mItems.get(itemIndex) : null;
}
} else if (ii != null && pos == ii.position) {
extraWidthRight += ii.widthFactor;
itemIndex++;
ii = itemIndex < mItems.size() ? mItems.get(itemIndex) : null;
} else {
ii = addNewItem(pos, itemIndex);
itemIndex++;
extraWidthRight += ii.widthFactor;
ii = itemIndex < mItems.size() ? mItems.get(itemIndex) : null;
}
}
}
calculatePageOffsets(curItem, curIndex, oldCurInfo);
}
if (DEBUG) {
Log.i(TAG, "Current page list:");
for (int i = 0; i < mItems.size(); i++) {
Log.i(TAG, "#" + i + ": page " + mItems.get(i).position);
}
}
mAdapter.setPrimaryItem(this, mCurItem, curItem != null ? curItem.object : null);
mAdapter.finishUpdate(this);
// Check width measurement of current pages and drawing sort order.
// Update LayoutParams as needed.
final int childCount = getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
final View child = getChildAt(i);
final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
lp.childIndex = i;
if (!lp.isDecor && lp.widthFactor == 0.f) {
// 0 means requery the adapter for this, it doesn't have a valid width.
final ItemInfo ii = infoForChild(child);
if (ii != null) {
lp.widthFactor = ii.widthFactor;
lp.position = ii.position;
}
}
}
sortChildDrawingOrder();
if (hasFocus()) {
View currentFocused = findFocus();
ItemInfo ii = currentFocused != null ? infoForAnyChild(currentFocused) : null;
if (ii == null || ii.position != mCurItem) {
for (int i = 0; i < getChildCount(); i++) {
View child = getChildAt(i);
ii = infoForChild(child);
if (ii != null && ii.position == mCurItem) {
if (child.requestFocus(View.FOCUS_FORWARD)) {
break;
}
}
}
}
}
}
可以说代码是非常的多,首先看下其处理缓存的逻辑
final int pageLimit = mOffscreenPageLimit;
final int startPos = Math.max(0, mCurItem - pageLimit);
final int N = mAdapter.getCount();
final int endPos = Math.min(N - 1, mCurItem + pageLimit);
这也就是mOffscreenPageLimit的作用，可以说是从startPos到endPos各缓存mOffscreenPageLimit的页数，比如这个值是2，那viewpager最多缓存的页数就是2+2+1就是5页
然后会给当前的item新建view
if (curItem == null && N > 0) {
curItem = addNewItem(mCurItem, curIndex);
}
ItemInfo addNewItem(int position, int index) {
ItemInfo ii = new ItemInfo();
ii.position = position;
ii.object = mAdapter.instantiateItem(this, position);
ii.widthFactor = mAdapter.getPageWidth(position);
if (index < 0 || index >= mItems.size()) {
mItems.add(ii);
} else {
mItems.add(index, ii);
}
return ii;
}
也就是构建一个ItemInfo对象，下面的两个if语句就是用来纠正viewpager的item的位置的，比如原来viewpager里的item是 0 1 2 然后往左滑动，viewpager中存在的item是 1 2 3 当然要添加一个位置是3的item，也要移除第0个item，所以会回调destroyItem方法，也就是把view从viewpager中移除
mAdapter.destroyItem(this, pos, ii.object);
如果你用的适配器是原生的pageradapter的话，一定要注意内存的释放，当然一般fragmentpageradapter和frgmentstatepageradater已经做出了相应的移除操作，具体的差别下篇文章分析
然后回调setPrimaryItem方法
mAdapter.setPrimaryItem(this, mCurItem, curItem != null ? curItem.object : null);
我们所熟知的fragmentpageradapter中fragment是否显示和隐藏
就在这方法中被设置的，这也是为何第一次fragment的setvisiblehint方法被调用的时候onCreate方法没被创建了，因为在
mAdapter.finishUpdate(this);
中,fragment才用handler提交事务也就是回调oncreate方法
//FragmentPagerAdapter
@SuppressWarnings("ReferenceEquality")
@Override
public void setPrimaryItem(ViewGroup container, int position, Object object) {
Fragment fragment = (Fragment)object;
if (fragment != mCurrentPrimaryItem) {
if (mCurrentPrimaryItem != null) {
mCurrentPrimaryItem.setMenuVisibility(false);
mCurrentPrimaryItem.setUserVisibleHint(false);
}
if (fragment != null) {
fragment.setMenuVisibility(true);
fragment.setUserVisibleHint(true);
}
mCurrentPrimaryItem = fragment;
}
}
@Override
public void finishUpdate(ViewGroup container) {
if (mCurTransaction != null) {
mCurTransaction.commitNowAllowingStateLoss();
mCurTransaction = null;
}
}
可以简单看下，然后回到populate方法中，可以说这方法已经把view加到了viewpager中，并更新了其缓存，设置了每个view不同的ItemInfo对象，里面保存了位置的信息，所以在看onLayout时
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
final int count = getChildCount();
int width = r - l;
int height = b - t;
int paddingLeft = getPaddingLeft();
int paddingTop = getPaddingTop();
int paddingRight = getPaddingRight();
int paddingBottom = getPaddingBottom();
final int scrollX = getScrollX();
int decorCount = 0;
// First pass - decor views. We need to do this in two passes so that
// we have the proper offsets for non-decor views later.
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getChildAt(i);
if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int childLeft = 0;
int childTop = 0;
if (lp.isDecor) {
final int hgrav = lp.gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
final int vgrav = lp.gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
switch (hgrav) {
default:
childLeft = paddingLeft;
break;
case Gravity.LEFT:
childLeft = paddingLeft;
paddingLeft += child.getMeasuredWidth();
break;
case Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL:
childLeft = Math.max((width - child.getMeasuredWidth()) / 2,
paddingLeft);
break;
case Gravity.RIGHT:
childLeft = width - paddingRight - child.getMeasuredWidth();
paddingRight += child.getMeasuredWidth();
break;
}
switch (vgrav) {
default:
childTop = paddingTop;
break;
case Gravity.TOP:
childTop = paddingTop;
paddingTop += child.getMeasuredHeight();
break;
case Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL:
childTop = Math.max((height - child.getMeasuredHeight()) / 2,
paddingTop);
break;
case Gravity.BOTTOM:
childTop = height - paddingBottom - child.getMeasuredHeight();
paddingBottom += child.getMeasuredHeight();
break;
}
childLeft += scrollX;
child.layout(childLeft, childTop,
childLeft + child.getMeasuredWidth(),
childTop + child.getMeasuredHeight());
decorCount++;
}
}
}
final int childWidth = width - paddingLeft - paddingRight;
// Page views. Do this once we have the right padding offsets from above.
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getChildAt(i);
if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
ItemInfo ii;
if (!lp.isDecor && (ii = infoForChild(child)) != null) {
int loff = (int) (childWidth * ii.offset);
int childLeft = paddingLeft + loff;
int childTop = paddingTop;
if (lp.needsMeasure) {
// This was added during layout and needs measurement.
// Do it now that we know what we're working with.
lp.needsMeasure = false;
final int widthSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
(int) (childWidth * lp.widthFactor),
MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
final int heightSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
(int) (height - paddingTop - paddingBottom),
MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
child.measure(widthSpec, heightSpec);
}
if (DEBUG) {
Log.v(TAG, "Positioning #" + i + " " + child + " f=" + ii.object
+ ":" + childLeft + "," + childTop + " " + child.getMeasuredWidth()
+ "x" + child.getMeasuredHeight());
}
child.layout(childLeft, childTop,
childLeft + child.getMeasuredWidth(),
childTop + child.getMeasuredHeight());
}
}
}
mTopPageBounds = paddingTop;
mBottomPageBounds = height - paddingBottom;
mDecorChildCount = decorCount;
if (mFirstLayout) {
scrollToItem(mCurItem, false, 0, false);
}
mFirstLayout = false;
}
我们很容易就看到child.layout方法依靠的是loff字段也就是ItemInfo中的offset偏移量
在看完onMeasure和onLayout后，很自然的就想到了viewpager滑动的原理，当然就是scroller,其事件分发的机制和滑动的原理都和scrollview一样，所以这边就不在多说了，最后来看下其更新的数据的情况
这里的viewpager用了观察者的模式，最终数据的更新会调用datasetchanged方法，来看下此方法
void dataSetChanged() {
// This method only gets called if our observer is attached, so mAdapter is non-null.
final int adapterCount = mAdapter.getCount();
mExpectedAdapterCount = adapterCount;
boolean needPopulate = mItems.size() < mOffscreenPageLimit * 2 + 1
&& mItems.size() < adapterCount;
int newCurrItem = mCurItem;
boolean isUpdating = false;
for (int i = 0; i < mItems.size(); i++) {
final ItemInfo ii = mItems.get(i);
final int newPos = mAdapter.getItemPosition(ii.object);
if (newPos == PagerAdapter.POSITION_UNCHANGED) {
continue;
}
if (newPos == PagerAdapter.POSITION_NONE) {
mItems.remove(i);
i--;
if (!isUpdating) {
mAdapter.startUpdate(this);
isUpdating = true;
}
mAdapter.destroyItem(this, ii.position, ii.object);
needPopulate = true;
if (mCurItem == ii.position) {
// Keep the current item in the valid range
newCurrItem = Math.max(0, Math.min(mCurItem, adapterCount - 1));
needPopulate = true;
}
continue;
}
if (ii.position != newPos) {
if (ii.position == mCurItem) {
// Our current item changed position. Follow it.
newCurrItem = newPos;
}
ii.position = newPos;
needPopulate = true;
}
}
if (isUpdating) {
mAdapter.finishUpdate(this);
}
Collections.sort(mItems, COMPARATOR);
if (needPopulate) {
// Reset our known page widths; populate will recompute them.
final int childCount = getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
final View child = getChildAt(i);
final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
if (!lp.isDecor) {
lp.widthFactor = 0.f;
}
}
setCurrentItemInternal(newCurrItem, false, true);
requestLayout();
}
}
我们可以看到默认的getItemPosition方法返回的是POSITION_UNCHANGED这里就直接跳过去了，我们重写getItemPosition方法后，改成了POSITION_NONE就会发现所谓的更新数据就是把所有的view都在viewpager上移除，然后记录下mCurItem，然后调用setCurrentItemInternal，内部也就是populate方法进行了添加而已，可以说viewpager的机制相对于recycleview还是有点差别的，其更新其实也要频繁的添加和移除，效率上不是很高，所以谷歌退出了基于recycleview的viewpager2来优化此问题
