定位文件

// Using a relative path
File configFile = file('src/config.xml')

// Using an absolute path
configFile = file(configFile.absolutePath)

// Using a File object with a relative path
configFile = file(new File('src/config.xml'))

文件集合

FileCollection collection = files('src/file1.txt',
                                  new File('src/file2.txt'),
                                  ['src/file3.txt', 'src/file4.txt'])

使用文件集合：

collection.each { File file ->
    println file.name
}

// Convert the collection to various types
Set set = collection.files
Set set2 = collection as Set
List list = collection as List
String path = collection.asPath
File file = collection.singleFile
File file2 = collection as File

// Add and subtract collections
def union = collection + files('src/file3.txt')
def different = collection - files('src/file3.txt')

可以通过一个files()方法,或者一个Callable实例，当collection被查询的时候会被调用，而且返回的实例被转化为一个set集合里面都是File的实例。返回的值可以是files()支持的任何类型。这也是一种简单的实现了FileCollection的接口。

task list {
    doLast {
        File srcDir

        // Create a file collection using a closure
        collection = files { srcDir.listFiles() }

        srcDir = file('src')
        println "Contents of $srcDir.name"
        collection.collect { relativePath(it) }.sort().each { println it }

        srcDir = file('src2')
        println "Contents of $srcDir.name"
        collection.collect { relativePath(it) }.sort().each { println it }
    }
}

结果：

> gradle -q list
Contents of src
src/dir1
src/file1.txt
Contents of src2
src2/dir1
src2/dir2

File trees

// Create a file tree with a base directory
FileTree tree = fileTree(dir: 'src/main')

// Add include and exclude patterns to the tree
tree.include '**/*.java'
tree.exclude '**/Abstract*'

// Create a tree using path
tree = fileTree('src').include('**/*.java')

// Create a tree using closure
tree = fileTree('src') {
    include '**/*.java'
}

// Create a tree using a map
tree = fileTree(dir: 'src', include: '**/*.java')
tree = fileTree(dir: 'src', includes: ['**/*.java', '**/*.xml'])
tree = fileTree(dir: 'src', include: '**/*.java', exclude: '**/*test*/**')

把压缩的文件当做文件树

使用Project.zipTree(java.lang.Object)和Project.tarTree(java.lang.Object)的方法。

// Create a ZIP file tree using path
FileTree zip = zipTree('someFile.zip')

// Create a TAR file tree using path
FileTree tar = tarTree('someFile.tar')

//tar tree attempts to guess the compression based on the file extension
//however if you must specify the compression explicitly you can:
FileTree someTar = tarTree(resources.gzip('someTar.ext'))

拷贝文件

使用 CopySpec.from(java.lang.Object[])， CopySpec.into(java.lang.Object)方法

task copyTask(type: Copy) {
    from 'src/main/webapp'
    into 'build/explodedWar'
}

form接受任何files()方法的返回值。

task anotherCopyTask(type: Copy) {
    // Copy everything under src/main/webapp
    from 'src/main/webapp'
    // Copy a single file
    from 'src/staging/index.html'
    // Copy the output of a task
    from copyTask
    // Copy the output of a task using Task outputs explicitly.
    from copyTaskWithPatterns.outputs
    // Copy the contents of a Zip file
    from zipTree('src/main/assets.zip')
    // Determine the destination directory later
    into { getDestDir() }
}

task copyTaskWithPatterns(type: Copy) {
    from 'src/main/webapp'
    into 'build/explodedWar'
    include '**/*.html'
    include '**/*.jsp'
    exclude { details -> details.file.name.endsWith('.html') &&
                         details.file.text.contains('staging') }
}

task copyMethod {
    doLast {
        copy {
            from 'src/main/webapp'
            into 'build/explodedWar'
            include '**/*.html'
            include '**/*.jsp'
        }
    }
}

从命名文件

task rename(type: Copy) {
    from 'src/main/webapp'
    into 'build/explodedWar'
    // Use a closure to map the file name
    rename { String fileName ->
        fileName.replace('-staging-', '')
    }
    // Use a regular expression to map the file name
    rename '(.+)-staging-(.+)', '$1$2'
    rename(/(.+)-staging-(.+)/, '$1$2')
}

过滤文件

import org.apache.tools.ant.filters.FixCrLfFilter
import org.apache.tools.ant.filters.ReplaceTokens

task filter(type: Copy) {
    from 'src/main/webapp'
    into 'build/explodedWar'
    // Substitute property tokens in files
    expand(copyright: '2009', version: '2.3.1')
    expand(project.properties)
    // Use some of the filters provided by Ant
    filter(FixCrLfFilter)
    filter(ReplaceTokens, tokens: [copyright: '2009', version: '2.3.1'])
    // Use a closure to filter each line
    filter { String line ->
        "[$line]"
    }
    // Use a closure to remove lines
    filter { String line ->
        line.startsWith('-') ? null : line
    }
    filteringCharset = 'UTF-8'
}

使用CopySpec类

task nestedSpecs(type: Copy) {
    into 'build/explodedWar'
    exclude '**/*staging*'
    from('src/dist') {
        include '**/*.html'
    }
    into('libs') {
        from configurations.runtime
    }
}

使用同步任务

task libs(type: Sync) {
    from configurations.runtime
    into "$buildDir/libs"
}

创建压缩文件

apply plugin: 'java'

task zip(type: Zip) {
    from 'src/dist'
    into('libs') {
        from configurations.runtime
    }
}

构建脚本生命周期

构建阶段

主要分为3个构建阶段:初始化，配置，执行。

使用log

logger.quiet('An info log message which is always logged.')
logger.error('An error log message.')
logger.warn('A warning log message.')
logger.lifecycle('A lifecycle info log message.')
logger.info('An info log message.')
logger.debug('A debug log message.')
logger.trace('A trace log message.')

import org.slf4j.Logger
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory

Logger slf4jLogger = LoggerFactory.getLogger('some-logger')
slf4jLogger.info('An info log message logged using SLF4j')

依赖配置

configurations {
    compile
}

println configurations.compile.name
println configurations['compile'].name

声明依赖

依赖类型

image

外部模块依赖

dependencies {
    runtime group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-core', version: '2.5'
    runtime 'org.springframework:spring-core:2.5',
            'org.springframework:spring-aop:2.5'
    runtime(
        [group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-core', version: '2.5'],
        [group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-aop', version: '2.5']
    )
    runtime('org.hibernate:hibernate:3.0.5') {
        transitive = true
    }
    runtime group: 'org.hibernate', name: 'hibernate', version: '3.0.5', transitive: true
    runtime(group: 'org.hibernate', name: 'hibernate', version: '3.0.5') {
        transitive = true
    }
}

dependencies {
    runtime "org.groovy:groovy:2.2.0@jar"
    runtime group: 'org.groovy', name: 'groovy', version: '2.2.0', ext: 'jar'
}

Classifiers

compile "org.gradle.test.classifiers:service:1.0:jdk15@jar"
otherConf group: 'org.gradle.test.classifiers', name: 'service', version: '1.0', classifier: 'jdk14'

Client module dependencies

dependencies {
    runtime module("org.codehaus.groovy:groovy:2.4.7") {
        dependency("commons-cli:commons-cli:1.0") {
            transitive = false
        }
        module(group: 'org.apache.ant', name: 'ant', version: '1.9.6') {
            dependencies "org.apache.ant:ant-launcher:1.9.6@jar",
                         "org.apache.ant:ant-junit:1.9.6"
        }
    }
}

Project dependencies

dependencies {
    compile project(':shared')
}

File dependencies

dependencies {
    runtime files('libs/a.jar', 'libs/b.jar')
    runtime fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
}

Gradle API Dependency

dependencies {
    compile gradleApi()
}

Local Groovy Dependency

dependencies {
    compile localGroovy()
}

排除传递性依赖

configurations {
    compile.exclude module: 'commons'
    all*.exclude group: 'org.gradle.test.excludes', module: 'reports'
}

dependencies {
    compile("org.gradle.test.excludes:api:1.0") {
        exclude module: 'shared'
    }
}

依赖库

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

repositories {
    jcenter()
}

repositories {
    jcenter {
        url "http://jcenter.bintray.com/"
    }
}

repositories {
    mavenLocal()
}

repositories {
    maven {
        url "http://repo.mycompany.com/maven2"
    }
}

repositories {
    maven {
        // Look for POMs and artifacts, such as JARs, here
        url "http://repo2.mycompany.com/maven2"
        // Look for artifacts here if not found at the above location
        artifactUrls "http://repo.mycompany.com/jars"
        artifactUrls "http://repo.mycompany.com/jars2"
    }
}

repositories {
    maven {
        credentials {
            username 'user'
            password 'password'
        }
        url "http://repo.mycompany.com/maven2"
    }
}

repositories {
    flatDir {
        dirs 'lib'
    }
    flatDir {
        dirs 'lib1', 'lib2'
    }
}

repositories {
    ivy {
        url "http://repo.mycompany.com/repo"
    }
}

repositories {
    ivy {
        url "http://repo.mycompany.com/repo"
        layout "maven"
    }
}

repositories {
    ivy {
        url "http://repo.mycompany.com/repo"
        layout "pattern", {
            artifact "[module]/[revision]/[type]/[artifact].[ext]"
        }
    }
}

解决循环依赖的版本号冲突问题

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy.eachDependency { DependencyResolveDetails details ->
        if (details.requested.version == 'default') {
            def version = findDefaultVersionInCatalog(details.requested.group, details.requested.name)
            details.useVersion version
        }
    }
}

父子项目的配置

allprojects {
    task hello {
        doLast { task ->
            println "I'm $task.project.name"
        }
    }
}
subprojects {
    hello {
        doLast {
            println "- I depend on water"
        }
    }
}

> gradle -q hello
I'm water
I'm bluewhale
- I depend on water
I'm krill
- I depend on water