Dependency Ratio
In economics, the dependency ratio shows the relationship between the number of people not in the labor force and those in the labor force.
PS: 在经济学中，抚养比反映了非劳动力人口与劳动力人口之间的关系。
economics经济学; 经济情况; 经济因素; 经济意义
dependency依靠，依赖; 附属国; 附属地
ratio比率; 比例
shows表明; 证明; 给…看; 出示; 展示; 教，解说; 演示; show的第三人称单数
relationship关系，联系; 情爱关系; 性爱关系; 关联，关系
labor force劳动力；劳动大军
those用来对已经提及的事物作补充说明; 人们;人; 那些; 用于提供更多的细节、信息
labor劳动，努力；工作; 劳工，工人; 分娩，阵痛; 努力争取(for); 苦干; 详细分析缓慢而困难地运转
force武力; 暴力; 力; 力量; 强大效力; 巨大影响; 强迫，迫使; 用力，强行; 使发生
Those not in the labor force are the dependent part of the population.
PS: 那些不在劳动大军中的人是人口中受抚养的一部分。
labor force劳动力；劳动大军
dependent依靠的; 依赖的; 有瘾的; 受…的影响; 取决于; 被扶养人：被赡养人：非独立生活的人; 依靠者; 从属物
part of部分
population人口，人口数量; 某领域的生物; 族群; 人口
Those in the labor force are the productive part of the population.
PS:劳动力是人口的生产部分。
labor force劳动力；劳动大军
productive生产的; 多产的; 有效益的; 富有成效的; 引起; 导致; 唤起
part of部分
population人口，人口数量; 某领域的生物; 族群; 人口
A high dependency ratio means that there are fewer working people to support health, social security and education services, which are used by the dependent sectors of a population.
PS:高抚养比意味着用于支持卫生、社会保障和教育服务的劳动人口减少，而这些服务是由人口中的受抚养部分使用的。
dependency依靠，依赖; 附属国; 附属地
dependency ratio赡养比率，抚养比率
ratio比率; 比例
means方式; 方法; 途径; 财富; 钱财; 表示…的意思; 意思是; 本意是; 打算; 意欲; 有…的目的; mean的第三人称单数和复数
there are有; 可数名词的复数形式; 许多重要事情要谈
working people劳动人民
social security社会保障金; 社会保障制度
dependent依靠的; 依赖的; 有瘾的; 受…的影响; 取决于; 被扶养人：被赡养人：非独立生活的人; 依靠者; 从属物
sectors部门，领域，行业; 区域，地带; 扇形; sector的复数
population人口，人口数量; 某领域的生物; 族群; 人口
This number is calculated by adding together the total number of young and old people and dividing that number by the number of working age people.
PS: 这个数字的计算方法是把年轻人和老年人的总数加起来，除以劳动适龄人口的数目。
calculated精心策划的; 蓄意的; 计算; 核算; 预测; 推测; calculate的过去分词和过去式
adding增加; 加添; 加; 补充说; 继续说; add的现在分词
together在一起; 共同; 以使接触; 到一起; 关系密切; 有婚姻关系; 自信而妥实的
young and old老老少少
people人; 人们; 大家; 人民，国民; 民族; 种族; 居住在; 把…挤满人; 住满居民; person的复数
dividing分开，分散，分割，分成…; 分配; 分享; 分担; 把分别用于; divide的现在分词
Exercises:
1. Which part of a population works to support health, social security and education services?
Those in the labor force.
2. What shows the relationship between the dependent part of the population to the productive part?
The dependency ratio.
Sometimes the dependency ratio is presented in two parts.
One part focuses on the ratio between children and the working age population.
This is the dependency ratio for the young.
The other is the ratio between the elderly and the working age population, which is the dependency ratio for the old.
Here are some dependency ratios for the old in 5 countries, China, India, Japan, the US and the UK.
It shows the ratios at 3 different points of time, 2000, 2015 and 2050.
Note that the greatest percentage change from 2015 to 2050 is for China.
The dependency ratio nearly triples from 13.1 to 39.
The other counties show gains, but as a percentage increase, they are less.
PS: 其他县则有所增长，但增幅较小。
other另外; 其他; 那个，另一个; 其余的，另外的
counties郡; 县; county的复数
show表明; 证明; 给…看; 出示; 展示; 教，解说; 演示; 演出; 歌舞表演; 节目; 展览; 展览会
gains获得; 赢得; 博得; 取得; 受益，获益; 得到; 增加; 增添; 增进; 增长; 增值，增加; 好处; 利益; 改进; 利润; 经济收益; gain的第三人称单数和复数
they他们; 她们; 它们; 用以代替he或she，指性别不详的人; 人们，人人，众人
less较少的，更少的; 较少; 较小; 更少; 更小; 没那么多; 少; 减去; 扣除; 小的;
In Japan, the ratio increases from 43.6 to 71.8 which is less than double.
Exercises:
1. What was the dependency ratio for the old in Japan in 2000?
25.2
2. In percentage terms, which country is expected to increase the most between now and the year 2050?
China
Repeat Sentences:
1.In percentage terms，China's dependency ratio is expected to nearly triple.
2.Those in the labor force are the productive part of the population.
3.The dependency ratio shows the relationship between the dependent and productive parts of a population.
4. Note that the greatest percentage change from 2015 to 2050 is for China.
5. Those not in the labor force are the dependent part of the population.
6. The dependency ratio shows the relationship between the dependent and productive parts of a population.
The life expectancy for Japan in 2050 is predicted to be 93, which is the highest of these countries.
ps:预计2050年日本的预期寿命为93岁，是这些国家中最高的。
life expectancy预期寿命; 预计存在的期限
Japan日本; 日本漆器的; 涂了日本漆的
predicted预言; 预告; 预报; predict的过去分词和过去式
which哪一个; 哪一些; …的那个，…的那些; 那个，那些
highest在高处; 向高处; 高; 大; 音调高; 高的; 有某高度的; 很高的; 海拔很高的; high的最高级
these这些，他们; 这些; 一些
countries国; 国家; 地区，区域; 全国人民; 国民; 全民; country的复数
A high life expectancy obviously increases the dependency ratio.
And note that the dependency ratio ignores the fact that those counted in the elderly segment of a population are not necessarily dependent.
ps: 注意，抚养比忽略了这样一个事实，即在人口中老年人并不一定需要抚养。
dependency依靠，依赖; 附属国; 附属地
ratio比率; 比例
ignores忽视; 对…不予理会; 佯装未见; 不予理睬; ignore的第三人称单数
counted数数; 计算总数; 把…算入; 包括; count的过去分词和过去式
elderly年纪较大的，上了年纪的(婉辞，与old同义); 老人; 上了年纪的人
segment部分; 份; 片; 段; 瓣; 弓形; 圆缺; 分割; 划分
population人口，人口数量; 某领域的生物; 族群; 人口
necessarily必然地; 不可避免地
dependent依靠的; 依赖的; 有瘾的; 受…的影响; 取决于; 被扶养人：被赡养人
An increasing proportion of them are working, and many of those in the working age segment may not be working.
ps: 他们中有越来越多的人在工作，其中许多在工作年龄段的人可能没有工作。
increasing增长，增多; 增加; increase的现在分词
proportion部分; 份额; 比例; 倍数关系; 正确的比例; 均衡; 匀称
them他们; 她们; 它们; 指性别不详的人时，用以代替him或her
working有工作的; 有职业的; 做工的; 从事体力劳动的; 工作上的; 工作时间的; 运作，工作方法; 矿，巷道，作业区; 做体力工作; 劳动; 干活; 受雇于; 从事…工作; 使工作; 使卖力干活; work的现在分词
many许多(与复数名词及动词连用，尤用于否定句或正式用语，表示大量; 也用于疑问句以询问数字大小，并可与as、so 和 too 连用); 大多数人; 许多，大量; 许多; 多的
those用来对已经提及的事物作补充说明; 人们;人; 那些; 用于提供更多的细节、信息
segment部分; 份; 片; 段; 瓣; 弓形; 圆缺; 分割; 划分
So this way of calculating the dependency ratio in the country can be misleading.
ps: 因此，这种计算该国抚养比的方法可能会产生误导。
this way这边; 这边请; 这边走
calculating精明的; 精于算计的; 计算; 核算; 预测; 推测; calculate的现在分词
dependency依靠，依赖; 附属国; 附属地
ratio比率; 比例
misleading误导的; 引入歧途的; 误导; 引入歧途; 使误信; mislead的现在分词
By pointing this out, we can see the danger of using such numbers to make policy without understanding how they are calculated.
ps: 通过指出这一点，我们可以看到使用这些数字来制定政策而不了解它们是如何计算的危险。
In the end, details are important.
Exercises:
1. How does the life expectancy of a country affect its dependency ratio?
The higher the life expectancy, the higher the dependency ratio.
2. When using numbers like dependency ratios to make policy, one needs to understand how they are calculated.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. The higher the life expectancy, the higher the dependency ratio.
2. Sometimes the dependency ratio is presented in two parts.
3. When using numbers like dependency ratios, one needs to understand how they are calculated.
4. This number is calculated by adding together the total number of young and old people and dividing that number by the number of working age people.
5. Health problems can lead to disabilities that make it difficult to live without assistance.
6. One reason the population of children isn't growing is because of very low birth rates in developed countries.
7. this way of calculating the dependency ratio in the country can be misleading.
8.A high life expectancy obviously increases the dependency ratio.
