The overall decrease in life expectancy has been driven by an increase in mortality among the working age group of twenty four to six five-year-olds,says Stephen wolf who co-authored the report.
该报告的合著者斯蒂芬.沃尔夫表示，美国总体预期寿命下降的原因是24岁至65岁工作年龄群体的死亡率上升。
A big piece of this is an increase in deaths from drug overdoses.
其中一个主要原因是药物过量导致的死亡人数增加。
That has been one of the biggest drivers of the trend.
这是推动这一趋势的最大因素之一。
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, on average 130 Americans died every day from an opioid overdose in2017.
根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据，2017年， 平均每天有130名美国人死于阿片类药物过量。
However, this is not the only ill that cut American lives short.
然而，这并不是导致美国人寿命缩短的唯一疾病。
There's been increases in death rates in that same age group for alcoholism, for suicides,for dozens of organ system diseases,and I'm referring to things like diabetes and lung disease and heart disease.
在同一年龄组中，酗酒、自杀、几十种器官系统疾病的死亡率都在上升,我指的是糖尿病、肺病和心脏病。
That has also increased this same age group.
同一年龄组的人数也在增加。
Altogether we counted 35 causes of death.
我们总共统计了35种死因。
John Haga of the National Institute on Aging says this is unprecedented.
国家老龄化研究所的约翰.哈加表示，现在的情况前所未有。
Demographers have their hair on fire. This is a big deal.
人口统计学家们火冒三丈，这的确是件大事。
We haven't seen something like a decline in life expectancy in this country since the early years of the AIDS epidemic,and before that,in the great years of the International flu epidemic after World War One.
在第一次世界大战后国际流感流行的伟大岁月里，以及之后艾滋病流行的最初几年，我们都没有看到这个国家的预期寿命缩短。
But he also says the decline in life expectancy is the combination of a process that's been decades in the making.
但他也表示，预期寿命的缩短是酝酿了几十年过程后的综合结果。
This has been going on for a long time: the US has been falling behind other countries in mortality improvements,in these very direct and visible measures of health status for decades.
这种情况已经持续了很长一段时间:几十年来，在改善死亡率方面，在这些非常直接和明显的健康状况衡量指标方面，美国一直落后于其他国家。
It's important to treat the symptoms as well as the underlying cause of health problems,says wolf.
沃尔夫说，重要的是要治疗这些症状以及解决健康问题的根本原因。
In addition to developing policies for drug addiction and for alcoholism and for suicides,We need to step back and ask ourselves what is it about living conditions in America that's driving people to these behaviors;
除了制定针对毒瘾、酗酒和自杀的政策外，我们需要退一步，问问自己，是什么原因导致美国人有这些行为;
why do they have so much pain that they're trying to turn into painkillers;
为什么他们会有这么多的疼痛，以至于他们试图把自己变成止痛药;
what is responsible for the deaths operation that's leading to suicides; why is there diabetes so poorly controlled.
导致自杀的原因是什么;为什么糖尿病控制得这么差。
Something echoed by John Hagen: We spend about double the European average health sector.It's a three and a half trillion dollars industry in the United States.
约翰●哈根也有同感:我们的医疗支出是欧洲平均水平的两倍。这是一个价值3.5万亿美元的产 业。
No other country comes close.
没有其他国家能与之匹敌。
Where we' re really falling down is in preventive care and all the things people should be doing physical activity, good diet attending to health problems early.
我们真正失败在于预防保健，人们应该提前做好所有的事情，如体育活动，良好的饮食，尽早关注健康问题。
The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
这项研究发表于《美国医学会杂志》。
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