简评:官方文档也可能会有不足,多踩坑,多分享。
作者在学习 Google 官方的 Android 拍照教程 - Take Photos Simply 时,遇到了一些问题,感觉官方教程只写了 90%。为此,作者写了这篇文章,把完整的流程和一些要注意的地方都写了下来,让你不用再去查 StackOverflow 或者 Github Gist。
1.创建图片文件
File imageFile; // use this to keep a reference to the file you create so that we can access it from onActivityResult()
private void createImageFile() throws IOException {
String imageFileName = "image" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "_"; // give it a unique filename
File storageDir = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
// use this if you want android to automatically save it into the device's image gallery:
// File storageDir = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES)
imageFile = File.createTempFile(imageFileName, ".jpg", storageDir);
}
- 确保每个文件名都独一无二,所以这里用到了 System.currentTimeMillis()。
- 注意代码中注释掉的那两行,用它们会将拍的照片存放在手机相册中,在 Android 6.0 (API level 23) 以上,你需要动态申请权限,可以考虑用 Permiso 库来简化你的工作。
2.声明权限
如果打算将照片存放在应用的私有目录中,对于 Android 4.3 及以下的系统需要 WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 权限。
<manifest ...>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
android:maxSdkVersion="22" />
<!--- If you want to save to the public image directory (the image gallery), you need to do this:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
--->
...
</manifest>
- 要求了 WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 权限的同时,也自然有了 READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 权限。
- 如果是想把照片保存在手机相册目录下,所有版本的系统都需要 WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 权限。
- 官方文档中的 maxSdkVersion 为 18,可能会导致这个问题:stackoverflow
3.配置 FileProvider
在 AndroidManifest.xml 中增加 FileProvider:
<application>
...
<provider
android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="{your.app.package}.fileprovider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/>
</provider>
...
</application>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<external-path name="external_files" path="."/>
</paths>
4.创建和开始 Intent
当创建 Intent 时,判断当前设备是否有摄像头并且能接受这个 Intent。此外,需要额外添加 flag 来授权相机能写入我们提供的文件。
public void startCameraIntent() {
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
// Ensure that there's a camera activity to handle the intent
if (takePictureIntent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
try {
imageFile = createImageFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
// file wasn't created
}
if (imageFile != null) {
Uri imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(
ExampleActivity.this,
BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + ".fileprovider",
imageFile);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
// This is important. Without it, you may get Security Exceptions.
// Google fails to mention this in their docs...
// Taken from: https://github.com/commonsguy/cw-omnibus/blob/master/Camera/FileProvider/app/src/main/java/com/commonsware/android/camcon/MainActivity.java
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
}
else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) {
ClipData clip = ClipData.newUri(getContentResolver(), "A photo", imageUri);
intent.setClipData(clip);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
}
else {
List<ResolveInfo> resInfoList =
getPackageManager().queryIntentActivities(intent, PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY);
for (ResolveInfo resolveInfo : resInfoList) {
String packageName = resolveInfo.activityInfo.packageName;
grantUriPermission(packageName, imageUri, Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
}
}
}
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_CAMERA);
}
else {
// device doesn't have camera
}
}
- 注意其中的 BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + “.fileprovider” 是和 AndroidManifest.xml 中 provider 的 android:authorities 值一致的。
5.获取结果
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { // note that data will be null
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_CAMERA) {
// imageFile will have the photo in it so do whatever you want with it
}
}
}
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