1、分词短语（Participle Phrases）
用ing结尾，是形容词！！！！！，描述名词。
The fans, jumping up and down, cheered on the home team. (描述名词fans，是分词短语做形容词)
During the boxing match, Bobby punched his opponent, swinging wildly. (有逗号，分词短语描述的是Bobby)
During the boxing match, Bobby punched an opponent swinging wildly. (没有逗号，分词短语描述的是opponent)
2、动名词短语（Gerund Phrases）
同样是用ing结尾，但是是名词！！！！！
He likes swimming in freshwater lakes. (ing做名词，充当宾语)
Listening to Mozart helps our brains think more efficiently. （ing做名词，充当主语）
Listening to Mozart, Kelly worked through a set of math problems. (主语是Kelly，加粗做形容词，是分词短语)
3、不定词短语（Infinitive Phrases）
To+动词，已经不是动词了，而是：名词、形容词、动词！！！！！
To finish first in a marathon is Jerry's life long goal. (充当名词，当主语)
【为什么不用finishing？因为不定词短语大概描述的是对未来的，将要做的事，动名词短语描述的是正在做的，强调过程。】
To satisfy his longing for travel, Jerry has booked an around-the-world ticket. （充当形容词，描述Jerry）
Mike is learning grammar to become a better writer. (充当动词）
