Rock properties岩石的特性

There are many types of rock. Each has its own properties.岩石有很多种类，每一种都有自己的特性。

☞Rocks can be soft or hard.岩石可硬可软。 It is easy to scratch a soft rock在软岩石上划痕很容易. It is hard to scratch a hard rock.在坚硬的岩石上划痕很难。

☞Rocks can be porous and non porous. 岩石可以具有渗透性也有具有不渗透性。Water can soak into a porous rock水可以将一个可渗透的岩石浸透, and some rocks can be more porous than others.有些岩石比其他岩石更具浸透性. Water cannot soak into a non-porous rock.水不能浸透一个具有不渗透性的岩石

Chalk is soft and porous .白垩(白垩（chalk），又称白土粉、白土子、白埴土、白善、白墡、「白墠」。白垩是一种微细的碳酸钙的沉积物，是方解石的变种。白垩一般主要是指分布在西欧的白垩纪的地层，而白垩纪一名即由此而来。)是柔软和可浸透的。

Granite is hard and non-porous.花岗岩是坚硬和不可浸透的。

Crystals or grains?结晶还是颗粒?

Some types of rock are made up of crystals. The are no gaps between the crystals. The rocks are often hard and non-porous.

有些岩石由结晶物质组成。结晶体之间没有空隙.这些岩石通常坚硬、且不可渗透.

Some types of rock, such as chalk,are made up of grains.There are gaps between the grains.These rocks are porous and soft.

有些岩石，比如白垩，由颗粒组成.颗粒之间有空隙.这些岩石通常可渗透且柔软.

keyword:关键词

porous :water can soak into porous material

渗透:水可以浸润渗透性的物质(材料)

Crystal: A piece of solid material with a regular shape and flat faces.

结晶:一块实体的物质，且有着规则的形状和平滑的表面.

Grain: A small piece of solid material that does not have a regular shape.

一小块实体物质，且没有规则的形状.

Fossils化石

Rocks that are made up of grains may contain fossils.A fossil is the remains, or traces,of a plant or animal that lived long ago. Remains include the bones,teeth or even faeces (poo!).

由颗粒组成的岩石有可能包含化石。化石是很久以前省的植物或动物的遗体或遗迹。遗体包括骨骼，牙齿或粪便.

Here is how a fish fossil may form:这是一个鱼化石可能得行程过程.

1. The fish dies and sinks quickly to the seabed.鱼死去并很快沉至海床.

2.Its soft body parts decay.鱼的柔软的部分开始腐败.

3.Layers of sand bury the hard body parts.沙层把坚硬的部分掩埋

4. Over many years the hard parts form fossils.经过很多年，那个坚硬的部分形成了花粉.

Only a few individual animals or plants form fossils when they die只有一些个体动物和中文在死去时形成了化石.For example,比如, most Tyrannosaurus rex dinosaurs did not form fossils,大多数暴龙没有形成化石,but a small number of them did但是一小部分的暴龙形成了化石. This is because may decay completely before they are buried, or are eaten. 这是因为他们在被埋葬前就已经腐败或被吃掉.Some die in places where they could not be buried.有些死在了不能被掩埋的地方.

Fossils provide information about living things from long ago. They are evidence for evolution.化石提供了很多年前的生物信息. 他们是进化论的证。

keyword:Fossile: The preserved remains or traces of an animal or plant that lives many years ago.

关键词:化石:被保存的生活在很多年以前的动物或植物的遗物或遗迹

Soil 土壤

Soil is a mixture of tiny pieces of rock, dead plants and dead animals.It also includes air and water.

土壤是一种混合物，它混合了细小的岩石，死去的植物和动物。土壤里还包括空气和水。

Different soils have different amounts of these things, and are suitable for different plants.

不同的土壤会有不同量的这些东西 以适合不能的植物.