感谢生信星球提供的服务器练习账号
Day2-linux常用命令.png
一、服务器登录
- putty
- Finalshell
- ssh
二、常用命令及参数
tips ：善用Tab补全命令
1. pwd 显示当前工作目录/路径
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ pwd
/home/bio05
2. mkdir 创建目录
3. ls 显示目录、文件
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ ls -a
. .. .bash_history .bash_logout .bashrc .cache .gnupg .profile
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ mkdir test
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ ls -a
. .. .bash_history .bash_logout .bashrc .cache .gnupg .profile test
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$
4. rm 删除
- rmdir 删除目录
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ rmdir test
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ ls -a
. .. .bash_history .bash_logout .bashrc .cache .gnupg .profile
- 删除文件
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ touch test.txt
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ ls
test.txt
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ rm test.txt
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ ls
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$
5. cd 切换目录
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ mkdir tmp
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ pwd
/home/bio05
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ cd tmp
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ pwd
/home/bio05/tmp
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$
6. vi 新建文件/脚本
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ vi helloworld.txt
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ls
helloworld.txt
7. cat/head/tail 显示全部 / 前面 / 后面文件内容
- cat
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ cat helloworld.txt
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
- head
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ head -n4 helloworld.txt
one
two
three
four
- tail
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ tail -n5 helloworld.txt
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
8. cp 复制
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ cp helloworld.txt new.txt
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ls
helloworld.txt new.txt
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ cat new.txt
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
9. mv 移动或重命名
- 移动
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ tree ~
/home/bio05
└── tmp
├── helloworld.txt
└── new.txt
1 directory, 2 files
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ mv new.txt ~
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ tree ~
/home/bio05
├── new.txt
└── tmp
└── helloworld.txt
1 directory, 2 files
- 重命名
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ cd ..
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ ls
new.txt tmp
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ mv new.txt old.txt
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ ls
old.txt tmp
三、学习资源
视频--马哥linux运维教程全套
手册--Linux命令大全
四、思考题
- ls输出的是横向的列表，怎样输出长格式列表?
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ ls -l
total 8
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bio05 bio05 49 Apr 18 16:21 old.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 bio05 bio05 4096 Apr 18 16:26 tmp
- 如何查看长格式列表中文件的大小？
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ ls -lh
total 8.0K
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bio05 bio05 49 Apr 18 16:21 old.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 bio05 bio05 4.0K Apr 18 16:26 tmp
- 查看Linux系统版本、内存与硬盘空间？
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ uname -a
Linux VM-0-10-ubuntu 4.15.0-54-generic #58-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jun 24 10:55:24 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ free -lh
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1.8G 323M 94M 5.5M 1.4G 1.3G
Low: 1.8G 1.7G 94M
High: 0B 0B 0B
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 885M 4.0K 885M 1% /dev
tmpfs 184M 5.5M 178M 3% /run
/dev/vda1 50G 25G 23G 53% /
tmpfs 917M 48K 917M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 917M 0 917M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/1157
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/1158
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/1159
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/1161
- 怎样建立类似/tmp/tmp1/tmp1.1 这样的层级目录?
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ tree
.
└── old.txt
0 directories, 1 file
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ mkdir -p tmp/tmp1/tmp1.1
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ tree
.
├── old.txt
└── tmp
└── tmp1
└── tmp1.1
3 directories, 1 file
- 怎样删除这些层级目录?
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ rm -r tmp
bio05@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ tree
.
└── old.txt
0 directories, 1 file
