Lesson 3: An unknown goddess无名女神
Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologistson the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of AyiaIrini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built ofstone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city wasequipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place ofworship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacredroom of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of theserepresented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of onestatue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. It's missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was veryold and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments,they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a verymodern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite hergreat age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists havebeen unable to discover her identity.
Part 1: Lead-in question:
Q:How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?
A: When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments,they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a verymodern-looking woman. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.
Part 2: Words and Expressions
1. archaeologist: n.考古学家
archaeology: n.考古学
后缀-ology通常指学科，知识体系。如 Biology 生物学，ecology 生态学，geology 地质学，climatology 气候学，futurology 未来学，zoology 动物学，psychology 心理学。
2. explore: 探索：explore space: 探索宇宙
研究：explore the issue/question/topic 研究问题
3、be built of: be made of 由...建成，由...做成。
The house is built of wood. 房子由木头造成。
4、statue: 雕像，塑像。自由女神像怎么说呢？
易混词：
stature: 身高，水平. an artist of great stature: 一位高水平的艺术家。
status: 身份，地位. marital status: 婚姻状况（填表格时常见到）
statute: 法令，法规: college statute: 校规
5、full-length: 拖地长的，一般指裙衣。full-length dress, full-length coat.
全身的。full-length mirror 全身镜，full-length photograph 全身照
6、identity: 身份。identity card (ID card): 身份证。
Part 3: Sentence Appriciation
An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city...
She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
这三个词都可以替换成be动词，但是这样一来效果大打折扣，会显得平淡无奇，不生动。
More examples：
The Eiffel Tower stands 300 meters high.
A bunch of flowers were siting on my desk.
The bicycle rested against the wall.
Part 3:Culture
希腊神话
古希腊留下大量的文化遗产，很多文化遗产已经成为英语语言中的一部分。下面给大家两个例子。
1、The Achilles’ Heel. 直译是阿基里斯的脚踵，意思是：唯一弱点；薄弱环节；要害
来源：阿基里斯瓜瓜坠地以后，母亲想使儿子健壮永生，把他放在火里锻炼，又捏着他的脚踵倒浸在冥河(Styx)圣水里浸泡。因此阿基里斯浑身象钢筋铁骨，刀枪不入，只有脚踵部位被母亲的手捏住，没有沾到冥河圣水，成为他的唯一要害。在特洛伊战争中，阿基里斯骁勇无敌，所向披靡，杀死了特洛伊主将，著名英雄赫克托耳(Hector)，而特洛伊的任何武器都无法伤害他的身躯。后来，太阳神阿波罗(Apollo)把阿基里斯的弱点告诉了特洛伊王子帕里斯，阿基里斯终于被帕里斯诱到城门口，用暗箭射中他的脚踵，负伤而死。
2、narcissistic [ˌnɑrsɪˈsɪstɪk] 自恋的，自我陶醉的
来源：来自narcissus这个词，narcissus是河神刻斐索斯与水泽女神利里俄珀之子。他在当时是天下第一美少年，却对任何姑娘都不动心，只对自己的水中倒影爱慕不已，最终在顾影自怜中抑郁死去。化作水仙花，仍留在水边守望着自己的影子。后来，Narcissus就成了“孤芳自赏者”、“自我陶醉者”的代名词。
