Stanley Milgram' Experiment
The experiment implies that An astonishing large proportion of people will cause pain to other people in obedience to authority.
The research may have important counterparts in the real world. For example, Adolf Eichmann, who murdered thousands of innocent civilians attributed his responsibility to his merely obeying orders issued by his superiors in the Nazi regime.
How to reduce the extent of obedience?
1. Only legitimate authority can command high obedience
2. The physical absence of authority figure reduces the extent of obedience.
3. Distance between obedience and the its consequences may influence the extent of obedience.
Bystander effect
The presence of another bystander tends to inhibit action.
Nonintervention can be viewed as an act of conformity.
Genovese murder case & Yosemite camping case
1. The feeling of "common fate" or mutuality
2. In a face-to-face situation, from which there was no immediate escape
How to increase the tendency of help?
1. Define the situation as an emergency
2. Lower the cost of helping
3. Make certain that they can be helpful.
