“人生不止眼前的苟且,还有诗与远方。”
诗,未必是读不懂的诗。远方,未必是到不了的远方。
诗,源于生活,无事不成诗,无处不是诗。诗,又高于生活,能诗意栖居者寥寥。
所以,笔者打算从这期开始读诗,帮助读者发现语言之美,顺便提高语言能力。您若喜欢,那就听听。不喜,绕道便是。
下面,我们来读这首诗:Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening。
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
By Robert Frost
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queer
To stop without a farmhouse near
Between the woods and frozen lake
The darkest evening of the year.
He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound's the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
雪夜林畔小驻
余光中译
想来我认识这座森林,
林主的庄宅就在邻村,
却不会见我在此驻马,
看他林中积雪的美景。
我的小马一定颇惊讶:
四望不见有什么农家,
偏是一年最暗的黄昏,
寒林和冰湖之间停下。
它摇一摇身上的串铃,
问我这地方该不该停。
此外只有轻风拂雪片,
再也听不见其他声音。
森林又暗又深真可羡,
但我还要守一些诺言,
还要赶多少路才安眠,
还要赶多少路才安眠。
【词 汇】
woods: an area of land, smaller than a forest 树林
snowy: (of weather) characterized by snowfall 多雪的
queer: strange; odd 奇怪的
harness: a set of leather bands used to control a horse or to attach it to a vehicle it is pulling (马的) 挽具
sweep: a long, swift, curving movement 一阵…… (掠过)
downy: soft and fluffy 轻柔的
flake: a snowflake 雪花;雪片
注:downy flake这种用法仅限于诗歌中使用。
【解 析】
1.
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (By Robert Frost)
该诗的题目需要注意两个介词:
① by: past and beyond通过; 经过
② on: 后接具体的时间,如on Monday evening (在周一晚上),on a snowy evening (在一个雪夜) 。
关于作者——罗伯特·弗罗斯特
Robert Frost (1874-1963) 是美国最著名的诗人之一。他的诗曾四次获得Pulitzer奖。Frost的许多诗是描写乡下农村生活的。他的诗也以富有哲理而著名。他曾说过:他的梦想是要写出“几首很难被人抛弃的诗”。Frost的最著名的诗包括:《摘苹果之后》《补墙》《没有走过的路》《雪夜林边小驻》。最后这一首是美国学校中最常研读的诗之一。[1]
[1] Beckerman, H.,王维东等.走遍美国:全新版.下册[M]. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2004:135
2.
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
第一小节,写主人公风雪兼程,却突然路过友人林地,思绪万千。
需要分别加以注意的是:
① 押韵:know与though两词以及snow词尾音素相同,所以押的是 [əʊ] 的尾韵。
② 倒装:Whose woods these are I think I know. 其正常语序是:I think I know whose woods these are.
但为了寻求韵脚,不得不调整句子结构,好处在于强化了诗中人物情感,即主人公牵着马在故人林边停留,本想上门拜访,却苦于行程吃紧,最终不得不作罢。这种无奈溢于言表。
句型:stop to do sth. 停下来做另一件事,文中是指主人公停止赶路,转而在林边驻足。
3.
My little horse must think it queer
To stop without a farmhouse near
Between the woods and frozen lake
The darkest evening of the year.
该小节的亮点在拟人 (Personification) 修辞。
作者赋予马儿以人的形象,揣摩着主人在树林驻留的这一奇怪举动,让人印象深刻。这也正好是对上一段情节的补充。
Between the woods and frozen lake / The darkest evening of the year.
介词between置于句首,句子倒装,仍是出于尾韵的考虑。queer, near, year三词均押了 [ɪr] 的韵脚。
此外,“the darkest evening of the year”也透露出故事发生背景:隆冬深夜时分。
4.
He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound's the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.
第三小节依然以马儿视角展开,说马儿不解主人风情,摇铃示意主人不要犯傻,继续前行。
此时,林中微风习习,雪花飘落,十分静谧。这种静,反而更能衬出主人公内心的动(思之久,情之切)。
后两句要注意语序,原句是:The only other sound’s the sweep / Of easy wind and downy flake.
显然,the sweep后应紧跟of easy wind and downy flake才是完整的名词组,但为了句子平衡(长度相似),便将介词和两个并列名词置于最后。但朗读时,出于句子完整性考虑,建议将sweep与of连读。
5.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
最后一小节,是陷入“回忆杀”的主人公转过神来,认清现实,决意继续赶路。
修辞上,请再次注意尾韵 (Rhyme) 这种修辞,四句句末都押的是 [ip] 的韵脚。
同时,反复 (Repetition) 修辞的运用恰到好处,是画龙点睛之笔,不仅增强了句子的气势,还突出了人物内心的矛盾与无奈。很多人认为该句蕴含哲理,其实是一种类似“革命尚未成功,同志仍需努力”或任重而道远的感慨。