在安装大模型平台软件的时，要求GLIBC版本至少是2.27，说明系统中GLIBC版本过低，需要升级该GLIBC;
1 解决方法
1.1升级操作系统
直接安装Centos 8 系统或者升级Centos 7系统到Centos8 ,(升级之前需要备份重要数据)
1.2 前提配置环境
配置镜像环境，这一步很重要。
替换镜像
#
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo.bak CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo docker-ce.repo epel.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo epel-testing.repo
请将 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 文件的内容替换为以下内容：
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS7
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS7
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS7
# 将文件的内容替换为上述内容。
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
请将 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo 文件的内容替换为以下内容：
# CentOS-SCLo-sclo.repo
#
# Please see http://wiki.centos.org/SpecialInterestGroup/SCLo for more
# information
[centos-sclo-rh]
name=CentOS SCLo rh
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/sclo/x86_64/rh/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS7
[centos-sclo-sclo]
name=CentOS SCLo sclo
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/sclo/x86_64/sclo/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS7
# 将文件的内容替换为上述内容。
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo
# 打开文件
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo.bak
rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo
# 命令来下载最新版本的 GPG 密钥
curl -o /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS7 https://repo.ius.io/RPM-GPG-KEY-IUS-7
# 确认 GPG 密钥文件的内容
cat /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS7
# 输出内容应该是类似于以下的 GPG 密钥信息，如果是 HTML 文件或者错误的内容，可能需要重新下载：
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
...
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
之后更新仓库配置
确保 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo 和其他相关的 .repo 文件使用新的 GPG 密钥：
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS7
另外的密匙
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# 内容如下
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo
# 内容如下
[centos-sclo-rh]
name=CentOS SCLo rh
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/sclo/x86_64/rh/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[centos-sclo-sclo]
name=CentOS SCLo sclo
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/sclo/x86_64/sclo/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
-
清理和更新缓存：
保存文件后，执行以下命令以清理缓存并生成新的缓存：yum clean all yum makecache -
检查配置：
确认新配置是否生效：yum repolist -
重启包管理器
在某些情况下，可能需要重启 Yum 或更新系统：
yum update 安装软件：
尝试安装之前提到的devtoolset-8-gcc等软件包。
安装必要环境：组件gcc 8.0 make 4.0 python 3.0 bison
安装gcc 8.0
gcc --version
# gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)
# 前提升级一下
安装 Development Tools 组：
CentOS 7 提供了一个名为 "Development Tools" 的软件包组，其中包含了 GCC 编译器及相关工具。您可以通过以下命令安装：
sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/e/epel-release-7-14.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-7-14.noarch.rpm
sudo yum install glibc-devel
此命令将安装包括 gcc、g++ 和 make 在内的一系列开发工具。
[root@localhost Python-3.5.1]# gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 8.3.1 20190311 (Red Hat 8.3.1-3)
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
1.3 安装升级GLIBC_2.9
yum install -y centos-release-scl
yum install -y devtoolset-8-gcc*
# 如果上一步骤失败，使用这个yum install devtoolset-8-gcc-c++ --nogpgcheck
mv /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8.5
ln -s /opt/rh/devtoolset-8/root/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc
mv /usr/bin/g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8.5
ln -s /opt/rh/devtoolset-8/root/bin/g++ /usr/bin/g++
1.4 安装make 4.0
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-4.3.tar.gz
tar -xzvf make-4.3.tar.gz
cd make-4.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/make
make && make install
cd /usr/bin/ && mv make make.bak
ln -sv /usr/local/make/bin/make /usr/bin/make
1.5 安装python 3.5
Centos 7系统默认带2.0的python ,有一些应用需要升级到3.0，我们这次升级到python 3.5
yum install gcc gcc-c++ libffi-devel openssl-devel python-setuptools vim wget make sqlite-devel zlib* -y #安装python 常用环境依赖
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.1/Python-3.5.1.tgz
tar xzvf Python-3.5.1.tgz
cd Python-3.5.1
./configure --with-ssl
make
make install
ls -al /usr/bin | grep python #查看当前python 版本
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak #python 的软链接重命名
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python #将 python 链接至 python3
配置yum
升级 Python 之后，由于将默认的 python 指向了 python3，yum 不能正常使用
修改/usr/bin/yum #!/usr/bin/python 修改成python2.7
vim /usr/bin/yum
修改/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down #!/usr/bin/python 修改成python2.7
vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
安装 bison
yum -y install bison
2 编译安装GLIBC
下载GLIBC安装包：
cd /home
# 下载挺慢的，提前下载比较好
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.29.tar.gz
tar xzvf glibc-2.29.tar.gz
cd glibc-2.29/ && mkdir build && cd build
# 配置环境
../configure --prefix=/usr --disable-profile --enable-add-ons --enable-obsolete-nsl --with-headers=/usr/include --with-binutils=/usr/bin --disable-sanity-checks --disable-werror
make #编译
make install #编译安装
LD_SO=ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 CC="gcc -B/usr/bin/" /data1/software/miniconda3/envs/R4.23/bin//perl scripts/test-installation.pl /data1/yjz/DS/glibc-2.29/build/
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lnss_test2
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Execution of gcc -B/usr/bin/ failed!
The script has found some problems with your installation!
Please read the FAQ and the README file and check the following:
- Did you change the gcc specs file (necessary after upgrading from
Linux libc5)?
- Are there any symbolic links of the form libXXX.so to old libraries?
Links like libm.so -> libm.so.5 (where libm.so.5 is an old library) are wrong,
libm.so should point to the newly installed glibc file - and there should be
only one such link (check e.g. /lib and /usr/lib)
You should restart this script from your build directory after you've
fixed all problems!
Btw. the script doesn't work if you're installing GNU libc not as your
primary library!
make[1]: *** [Makefile:111: install] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/data1/yjz/DS/glibc-2.29'
make: *** [Makefile:12: install] Error 2
在安装 GNU C 库（glibc）时遇到了错误，主要是由于缺少库文件 -lnss_test2，但是不影响，看下一步验证
通过运行以下命令来检查 glibc 是否正确安装：
ldconfig -p | grep libc
libcap-ng.so.0 (libc6,x86-64) => /lib64/libcap-ng.so.0
libc.so.6 (libc6,x86-64, OS ABI: Linux 3.2.0) => /lib64/libc.so.6
3 查看版本
ldd --version
# 输出：
ldd (GNU libc) 2.29
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
