一、更新树莓派系统
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
二、安装python依赖环境
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 bzip2 libbz2-dev
三、下载python3.6版本源码并解压
$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tgz
$ tar zxvf Python-3.6.1.tgz
四、编译安装
$ cd Python-3.6.1
$ sudo ./configure
$ sudo make
$ sudo make install
五、检查安装
$ ls -al /usr/local/bin/python*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 9 May 15 14:53 /usr/local/bin/python3 -> python3.6
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root staff 9840168 May 15 14:51 /usr/local/bin/python3.6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 17 May 15 14:53 /usr/local/bin/python3.6-config -> python3.6m-config
-rwxr-xr-x 2 root staff 9840168 May 15 14:51 /usr/local/bin/python3.6m
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff 3103 May 15 14:53 /usr/local/bin/python3.6m-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 16 May 15 14:53 /usr/local/bin/python3-config -> python3.6-config
小知识点
1. usr 是指 Unix System Resource，而不是User；
2. /usr/bin：系统预装的可执行程序，会随着系统升级而改变；
3. /usr/local/bin：用户放置自己的可执行程序的地方，推荐放在这里，不会被系统升级而覆盖同名文件；
如果两个目录下有相同的可执行程序，谁优先执行受到PATH环境变量的影响，比如我的一台服务器的PATH变量为：
$ echo $PATH
/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/dean/bin
这里/usr/local/bin优先于/usr/bin.
参考资料：
https://www.aliyun.com/jiaocheng/118743.html
https://blog.csdn.net/lina_acm/article/details/78224656
