响应式编程
响应式编程(Reactive Programming,简称RP)
- 也是一种编程范式,于1997年提出,可以简化异步编程,提供更优雅的数据绑定
- 一般与函数式融合在一起,所以也会叫做:
函数响应式编程
(Functional Reactive Programming,简称FRP)
比较著名的、成熟的响应式框架:
ReactiveCocoa
简称RAC,有Objective-C、Swift版本
官网: http://reactivecocoa.io/
github:https://github.com/ReactiveCocoaReactiveX
简称Rx,有众多编程语言的版本,比如RxJava、RxKotlin、RxJS、RxCpp、RxPHP、RxGo、RxSwift等等
官网: http://reactivex.io/
github: https://github.com/ReactiveX
RxSwift
RxSwift(ReactiveX for Swift),ReactiveX的Swift版本
源码:https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxSwift
中文文档: https://beeth0ven.github.io/RxSwift-Chinese-Documentation/RxSwift的github上已经有详细的安装教程,这里只演示CocoaPods方式的安装
① Podfile
use_frameworks!
target 'target_name' do
pod 'RxSwift', '~> 5'
pod 'RxCocoa', '~> 5'
end
② 命令行
pod repo update
pod install
③ 导入模块
import RxSwift
import RxCocoa
- 模块说明:
RxSwift:Rx标准API的Swift实现,不包括任何iOS相关的内容
RxCocoa:基于RxSwift,给iOS UI控件扩展了很多Rx特性
RxSwift的核心角色
- Observable:负责发送事件(Event)
- Observer:负责订阅Observable,监听Observable发送的事件(Event)
发出事件为枚举实例:
public enum Event<Element> {
/// Next element is produced.
case next(Element)
/// Sequence terminated with an error.
case error(Swift.Error)
/// Sequence completed successfully.
case completed
}
Event有3种:
- next:携带具体数据
- error:携带错误信息,表明Observable终止,不会再发出事件
- completed:表明Observable终止,不会再发出事件
创建、订阅Observable
- 发送一个事件
var observable = Observable<Int>.create { observer in
observer.onNext(1)
observer.onCompleted()
return Disposables.create()
}
// 等价于
observable = Observable.just(1)
observable = Observable.of(1)
observable = Observable.from([1])
- 发送多个事件
var observable = Observable<Int>.create {
observer in observer.onNext(1)
observer.onNext(2)
observer.onNext(3)
observer.onCompleted()
return Disposables.create()
}
// 等价于
observable = Observable.of(1, 2, 3)
observable = Observable.from([1, 2, 3])
observable.subscribe { event in
print(event)
}.dispose()
observable.subscribe(onNext: {
print("next", $0)
}, onError: {
print("error", $0)
}, onCompleted: {
print("completed")
}, onDisposed: {
print("dispose")
}).dispose()
- 创建定时器
//参数1: 延迟时间, period:间隔时间, scheduler: 执行线程
let observable = Observable<Int>.timer(.seconds(3),
period: .seconds(1),
scheduler: MainScheduler.instance)
observable.map { "数值是\($0)" }
.bind(to: label.rx.text)
.disposed(by: bag)
创建Observer
- 1>AnyObserver 创建Observer
let observer = AnyObserver<Int>.init { event in
switch event {
case .next(let data):
print(data)
case .completed:
print("completed")
case .error(let error):
print("error", error)
}
}
Observable.just(1).subscribe(observer).dispose()
- 2> Binder 创建Observer
let binder = Binder<String>(label) { label, text in
label.text = text
}
Observable.just(1).map { "数值是\($0)" }.subscribe(binder).dispose()
Observable.just(1).map { "数值是\($0)" }.bind(to: binder).dispose()
扩展Binder属性
extension Reactive where Base: UIView {
var hidden: Binder<Bool> {
Binder<Bool>(base) { view, value in
view.isHidden = value
}
}
}
let observable = Observable<Int>.interval(.seconds(1),
scheduler: MainScheduler.instance)
observable.map { $0 % 2 == 0 }.bind(to: button.rx.hidden).disposed(by: bag)
传统的状态监听
在开发中经常要对各种状态进行监听,传统的常见监听方案有
- KVO
- Target-Action
- Notification
- Delegate
- Block Callback
传统方案经常会出现错综复杂的依赖关系、耦合性较高,还需要编写重复的非业务代码
RxSwift的状态监听1
button.rx.tap.subscribe(onNext: {
print("按钮被点击了1")
}).disposed(by: bag)
let data = Observable.just([
Person(name: "Jack", age: 10),
Person(name: "Rose", age: 20)
])
data.bind(to: tableView.rx.items(cellIdentifier: "cell")) { row, person, cell in
cell.textLabel?.text = person.name
cell.detailTextLabel?.text = "\(person.age)"
}.disposed(by: bag)
tableView.rx.modelSelected(Person.self)
.subscribe(onNext: { person in
print("点击了", person.name)
}).disposed(by: bag)
RxSwift的状态监听2
class Dog: NSObject {
@objc dynamic var name: String?
}
dog.rx.observe(String.self, "name")
.subscribe(onNext: { name in
print("name is", name ?? "nil")
}).disposed(by: bag)
dog.name = "larry"
dog.name = "wangwang"
NotificationCenter.default.rx
.notification(UIApplication.didEnterBackgroundNotification)
.subscribe(onNext: { notification in
print("APP进入后台", notification)
}).disposed(by: bag)
既是Observable,又是Observer
Observable.just(0.8).bind(to: slider.rx.value).dispose()
slider.rx.value.map {
"当前数值是:\($0)"
}.bind(to: textField.rx.text).disposed(by: bag)
textField.rx.text
.subscribe(onNext: { text in
print("text is", text ?? "nil")
}).disposed(by: bag)
- 诸如UISlider.rx.value、UTextField.rx.text这类属性值,既是Observable,又是Observer
- 它们是RxCocoa.ControlProperty类型
Disposable
- 每当Observable被订阅时,都会返回一个Disposable实例,当调用Disposable的dispose,就相当于取消订阅
- 在不需要再接收事件时,建议取消订阅,释放资源。有3种常见方式取消订阅
1> 立即取消订阅(一次性订阅)
observable.subscribe { event in
print(event)
}.dispose()
2> 当bag销毁(deinit)时,会自动调用Disposable实例的dispose
let bag = DisposeBag()
observable.subscribe { event in
print(event)
}.disposed(by: bag)
3> self销毁时(deinit)时,会自动调用Disposable实例的dispose
let _ = observable.takeUntil(self.rx.deallocated).subscribe { event in
print(event)
}