简介
WebSocket 是 HTML5 开始提供的一种在单个 TCP 连接上进行全双工通讯的协议。
HTTP协议在浏览器和服务器交互时,在完成一次数据传输后,就会断开。并且只能由浏览器向服务器发出请求,因此在需要实时更新时,只能利用Ajax进行轮询,频繁连接服务器。
webSocket则只需要进行一次连接后,就可以一直相互发送数据。
其中websocket中http连接和普通的http连接有所不同,
客户端向服务器发出HTTP请求:
GET /chat HTTP/1.1
Host: server.example.com
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw==
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat, superchat
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
Origin: http://example.com
其中关注:
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
这是告诉服务器,升级为websocket请求
服务器向客户端回复
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Accept: HSmrc0sMlYUkAGmm5OPpG2HaGWk=
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat
这样就完成了websocket连接。
简易聊天室
简易聊天室——大体流程:
(1)用户输入用户名和密码,点击登录
(2)后台UserController.login将用户名存入HttpSession,跳转到message.html页面
(3)进入message.html页面,建立websocket连接,后台响应onOpen事件,从EndpointConfig中取出HTTPSession,然后在从httpSession中取出用户名,然后以用户名为key,该websocket对象为值,存入onLineUsers中。
(4)用户输入要发送人的用户名和消息,点击发送。ajax带着表单信息请求到后台sendMessage接口,后台根据要发送的用户名,在onLineUsers中取出相应的websocket对象,进行消息发送。
(5)被发送用户,响应onmessage事件,将消息弹窗显示
服务器端
依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
首先,新建webSocket的配置类:
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.socket.server.standard.ServerEndpointExporter;
/**
* @author yuanwei
* @date 2020/12/8 17:21
* @description
*/
@Component
public class WebSocketConfig {
@Bean
public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpointExporter(){
return new ServerEndpointExporter();
}
}
接着构建websocket事件类
import com.example.websocket.config.GetHttpSessionConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.websocket.EndpointConfig;
import javax.websocket.OnClose;
import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
import javax.websocket.Session;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* @author yuanwei
* @date 2020/12/8 18:01
* @description
*/
@Component
@ServerEndpoint(value="/webSocket",configurator = GetHttpSessionConfig.class)
@Slf4j
public class WebSocket {
private Session session;
private static Map<String,WebSocket> onLineUsers=new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private HttpSession httpSession;
@OnOpen
public void onOpen(Session session, EndpointConfig endpointConfig){
this.session = session;
this.httpSession = (HttpSession) endpointConfig.getUserProperties().get(HttpSession.class.getName());
onLineUsers.put((String)this.httpSession.getAttribute("user"),this);
log.info("【websocket消息】有新的连接,总数:{}",onLineUsers.size());
}
@OnClose
public void onClose(EndpointConfig endpointConfig){
onLineUsers.remove(this.httpSession.getAttribute("user"));
log.info("【websocket消息】连接断开,总数:{}",onLineUsers.size());
}
@OnMessage
public void onMessage(String message){
log.info("【websocket消息】收到客户端发来的消息:{}",message);
}
public void sendMessage(String toUsername,String message){
try{
if(onLineUsers.containsKey(toUsername)){
onLineUsers.get(toUsername).session.getBasicRemote().sendText(message);
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
UserController:只为区分不同用户,不进行校验用户名和密码
@Controller
public class UserController {
@PostMapping("/login")
public String login(String name, String password, HttpSession session){
session.setAttribute("user",name);
return "./message.html";
}
}
WebSocketController:用于浏览器端发送消息
import com.example.websocket.service.WebSocket;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @author yuanwei
* @date 2020/12/9 9:52
* @description
*/
@RestController
public class WebSocketController {
@Autowired
private WebSocket webSocket;
@PostMapping("/sendMessage")
public void sendMessage(String toUsername,String message){
try{
webSocket.sendMessage(toUsername,message);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
GetHttpSessionConfig:获取HttpSession,并将之存储在ServerEndpointConfig,以供websocket获取httpSession中的用户名。(如不需该操作,可省略)
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.websocket.HandshakeResponse;
import javax.websocket.server.HandshakeRequest;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpointConfig;
/**
* @author yuanwei
* @date 2020/12/10 17:22
* @description
*/
public class GetHttpSessionConfig extends ServerEndpointConfig.Configurator {
@Override
public void modifyHandshake(ServerEndpointConfig sec, HandshakeRequest request, HandshakeResponse response) {
HttpSession httpSession = (HttpSession) request.getHttpSession();
sec.getUserProperties().put(HttpSession.class.getName(),httpSession);
}
}
浏览器端
登录页面,只为其用户名
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<!-- 新 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery文件。务必在bootstrap.min.js 之前引入 -->
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<form class="form-horizontal" role="form" action="/login" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="name" class="col-sm-2 control-label">名字</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" name="name" placeholder="请输入名字">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="password" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入姓">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">登录</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
发送消息页面:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!-- 新 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- jQuery文件。务必在bootstrap.min.js 之前引入 -->
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form role="form" action="/sendMessage" id="form1" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="firstname" class="col-sm-2 control-label">名字</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="toUsername" id="firstname" placeholder="请输入名字">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="message">文本框</label>
<textarea class="form-control" name="message" id="message" rows="3"></textarea>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<button type="button" id="mybutton" class="btn btn-default">发送</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
<script>
var websocket = null;
if('WebSocket' in window){
websocket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/webSocket");
}else{
alert("该浏览器不支持webSocket!");
}
websocket.onopen = function (event) {
console.log("建立连接");
}
websocket.onclose = function (event) {
console.log("连接关闭");
}
websocket.onmessage = function (event) {
console.log("收到消息:"+event.data);
alert(event.data)
}
$("#mybutton").click(function(e){
$.ajax({
//几个参数需要注意一下
type: "POST",//方法类型
dataType: "json",//预期服务器返回的数据类型
url: "/sendMessage" ,//url
data: $('#form1').serialize()
});
});
</script>
</html>