Lessen 71
--awful adj.坏的
--What awful handwriting! 多么糟糕的书写!
--I had an awful day.
--The weather is awful. 天气糟糕极了。
--awful(very much) adv.非常,极为
--It’s awfully hot today.今天天Lesson81
--bath n.洗澡
--take a bath / have a bath在浴缸里洗澡
--take a shower / have a shower 淋浴
--I shall have a hot bath and go to bed.
--He takes a cold bath every morning.
--bath tube 浴缸
--bathrobe 浴衣
--bathroom 洗手间
--I need to go to the bathroom.
--bathe v.洗澡
--nearly adv.几乎,将近
--与almost 的意思基本相同
--It’s nearly one o’clock. 现在快要一点了。
--That car nearly ran over a dog. 那辆小汽车差点碾过一条狗。
--I nearly finished. 我快要完成了。
--ready adj.准备好的
--be/ get ready for… 做好…的准备
--Everything is ready for the party. 聚会的一切事情都己准备好。
--You must get ready for the race. 你必须为比赛做好准备。
--Is dinner ready? 晚餐准备好了吗?
--be ready to do
1)己准备好做…
--I am ready to go. 我己准备好出发。
2)愿意做…
-- She is already ready tohelp others.她总是乐于助人。
3)眼看就要….
--The rope is ready tobreak.绳子就要断了。
--The child is ready to burst into
tears. 那小孩就要大哭起来。
--dinner
1)n. 餐,正餐(三餐中的主要一餐)
--It’s time for dinner. 该进晚餐了。
--Dinner is ready. 晚餐准备好了。
2) n. (正式的)宴会,晚会
--dinner party 宴会
--give a dinner 设宴
--be at dinner 用餐中
--have breakfast 吃早餐/ have lunch 吃午餐/ have supper/ have dinner 吃晚餐
--restaurant n.饭馆、餐馆
--roast
1) adj. 烤过的
--a roast chicken 烤鸡
--Beijing Roast Duck 北京烤鸭
2)v. 烤、烧
--I roasted a chicken. 我烤了一只鸡。
--The beef is roasting nicely in the oven. 牛肉在烤箱里烤得正好呢。
3)n. 烤肉
--I want some roast. 我想要一些烤肉。
--bake v. 烤(面包、饼,通常指在炉中烤)
--Mother bakes bread or cookies on every Sunday. 母亲每逢星期日就会烤面包或饼干。
--The bread is baking. 面包正在烤着。
--baker 面包师/商
--at the baker’s 在面包店里。
--fry v.油煎
--deep fry 油炸
--Can you fry fish? 你会煎鱼吗?
--fried adj.油煎的
--deep fried 油炸的
--fried fish 油炸鱼
--fried eggs 煎鸡蛋
--stew v.焖,炖/ n. 炖肉,焖菜
--I have stewed the beef for two hours. 牛肉己炖两小时。
--stewed adj.焖煮的
--boil v.烧开,煮熟
--boil an egg 煮鸡蛋
Question: Why is Carol disappointed? 卡罗尔为什么感到失望?
Hi, Carol! Where’s Tom?
--where表示地点的疑问副词
--Where does he live? Where are you from?
He’s upstairs.
upstairs adv.在楼上/ downstairs 在楼下
--come upstairs 其中的upstairs 表示动作的方向。
--He’s upstairs. 其中upstairs表示他的方位,表状态。
He’s having a bath.
have a bath 洗澡
动词have后面接名词或名词短语,有“进行”“从事”的意思。如have abath, have a look
Tom!
Yes?
--yes表示疑问,什么事?
Sam’s here.
--sb is here. 表示某人来了,某人在这里了。
--I’m nearly ready.
--nearly ready 快好了
--It’s nearly dead. 它差点死了。
Hello, Sam. Have a cigarette.
--have a cigarette
--have 在此表示smoke 吸烟
--No, thanks, Tom.
--No, thanks. 一般用于回答别人的邀请,表示婉转的拒绝。
--Have a little more rice?
--No, thanks. I’m already full.
Have a glass of whisky then. Ok. Thanks.
a glass of whisky / two glasses of whisky (复数加在量词上)
have a glass of whisky have在这里表示喝
then用于句首或句末,表示那么。
Is dinner ready, Carol? It’s nearly ready. We can have dinner atseven o’clock.
have dinner (dinner前没有冠词)have表示“吃”
at 用于具体时间之前at five o’clock
--on用于具体某一天前on May 8th
--in用于月,年前in 2002 / in March
Sam and I had lunch together today. We went to a restaurant.
--together adv.在一起
--Let’s go for a walk together.
--I want to stay with you together.
--go to a restaurant 去饭店
--go to school 上学/ go to a school到学校里去(目的不明确)
What did you have? We had roast beef and potatoes.
--What did you have for supper/ lunch/ breakfast? 你晚(午、早)饭吃的是什么?
回答:I had ….for supper/ lunch/breakfast. 我晚/ 午/ 早饭吃的是…
--I had beef and potato for lunch. 我午饭吃的是牛肉和土豆。
1)roast adj.烤的
2)beef 牛肉
Oh! What’s the matter, Carol? Well, you’re going to have roastbeef and potatoes again tonight!
--What happened? 出了什么事?怎么了?
1)well语气词,无实际意义。
2)be going to 表示将要发生某事或打算做某事。
--It’s going to rain.
3) again adv.再次
--Say that again, please.
小结:
--upstairs 在楼上
--have a cigarette
--have a bath 洗澡
--have a glass of whiskey
--have dinner
--have lunch
--be nearly ready 快要准备好了
--What’s the matter?
--roast beef 烤牛肉
--breakfast n.早饭
--have breakfast 吃早饭
--haircut n. 理发
--have one’s haircut
--party
1) n. 聚会
--a birthday party
2) n. 党派
--She is a member of the Communist Party.
--holiday n.假日
--vacation n.度假
--have可以代替常用动词,表示eat, enjoy,
experience, drink, take 等意义。
--have a cigarette! 抽根烟吧!(have
= smoke)
--I’m having a drink. 我在喝酒。(have
= drink)
--We had lunch together today. 我们今天一起吃了午饭。(have= eat)
当have不表示“有”而表示其他意思时,其用法和英语中的其他动词相同,即:在疑问句和否定结构中,have的一般现在时和一般过去时形式必须用do, does 和did.
--Do you have milk in your tea? 你喝茶加牛奶吗?
--I don’t have milk in my tea. 我喝茶不加牛奶。
--Did you have a nice holiday?你的假日过得愉快吗?
--I didn’t have a nice holiday. 我的假日过得不愉快。
--Does he have lessons on Friday? 他在周五上课吗?
1. 你今天早饭吃的是什么?(have…for breakfast 早饭吃的是…)
--What did you have for breakfast?
我吃了一个鸡蛋,一片面包,喝了一杯牛奶。
--I had an egg, a piece of bread and a glass of milk.
2) 昨天晚上我与我的女朋友吃了一顿饭。
--I had a meal with my girlfriend yesterday evening.
3) 你前天玩得高兴吗?
--Did you have a good time the day before yesterday?
4)你昨天什么时候与她一起喝茶的?
--When did you have a tea with her yesterday?
5)你上周在哪儿度的假?
--Where did you have your holiday last week?
Lesson 83
--mess
--1) n. 杂乱或乱的状态(通常用单数)
--This kitchen’s a mess! 厨房杂乱无章。
--You’ve made a mess of the job. 你把工作搞得一团糟。
--Get cleaned up! You two are a mess! 收拾一下吧!你们俩可真邋遢!
2)v. 弄脏,弄乱
--Don’t mess my hair. 别弄乱我的头发。
--messy adj.凌乱的a messy room
--pack v.包装,打包,装箱
--All these books need to be packed
into the boxes.所有这些书都需要打包到那些箱子里。
--suitcase n.手提箱
--pack the suitcase 整理行囊
--leave
1) v. 离开
--It’s time for us to leave.
--It’s time for sb to do…某人该做某事的时间到了。
--leave a place for another place
--离开….动身去….
--The plane leaves Guangzhou forShanghai at 12:35.
--飞机于12时35分自广州飞往上海
2)让某事(某物)处于某种状态(leave +adj.)
--leave the door open, please.
3)忘带某物
--I left my umbrella on the bus.
4) n. 假期
--sick leave 病假
--already adv.己经
--The teacher was already in the
classroom when I arrived. 当我到达的时候,老师己经在教室里了。
--She had already left when I phoned. 我打电话时她早走了。
现在完成时
用途:
表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的并与现在有着某种联系的动作。
表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作。
结构:
主语 + have/ has + 动词的过去分词
否定形式haven’t (have not)/ hasn’t (has not)
疑问句 把助动词have/ has 放在句首。
过去分词:
规则变化怀过去式一样,在词尾加ed,变化规则与过去式的变化规则一样。
原形 过去式 过去分词
-wait waited waited
-regret regretted regretted
-type typed typed
-fly flied flied
-empty emptied emptied
2) 不规则 变化(过去分词与不规则动词的过去式的形式相同)
原形 过去式 过去分词
-make made made
-find found found
-spend spent spent
3)不规则变化(过去分词与过去式不一样)
原形 过去式 过去分词
-take took taken
-speak spoke spoken
-sing sang sung
4)不规则变化(过去分词,过去式,与动词原形一样)
---cut cut cut put put put let let let
与现在完成时连用的时间状语:
--already 己经(一般用于肯定句中,在表惊讶语气时也用于疑问句中)
--yet 还(用于否定句和疑问句中)
-just 刚刚/ recently最近/ so far到目前为止/ for 持续…时间since 自从…
注意:现在完成时不与表过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, ago, last.
I have worked in the company for two years. 我己经在这个公司工作两年了。
--Have you worked in the company fortwo years?
--Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.
He has already come here. 他己经来了。
(来的动作发生在过去,但对现在的影响是他己经在这了。)
--Has he come here yet?
--Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t.
--He hasn’t come here yet.
3)They have finished the work.
(“完成工作”这个动作发生在过去某个时间,与现在的联系是这项工作己经结束了。)
--Her parents have lived in China since 1985. 自从1985年,他的父母就住在中国了。(“住”这个动作发生在过去,但它并没有结束持续到现在或将来)
5)Mr. Jackson has seen this film. Jackson 先生己经看过这部电影了。(看电影的动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但与现在联系是他己经了解剧情了或不想再看了。)
现在完成时与一般过去时的比较
一般过去时强调过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
现在完成时表达在过去不确定的时间所发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。这个动作也许到现在己经结束,也许还要继续下去。
--I had my breakfast at 8:00 this morning.我今天早上8:00吃的早饭。(过去的时间今天早8:00吃饭这个动作发生了,强调某个时间发生某个动作)
--I have had my breakfast. 我己经吃过早饭了。(过去不确定的时间里,发生某个动作,对现在的影响,即吃早饭的动作发生在过去什么时候,对现在的影响是我己经饱了或我不想再吃饭了。)
--He bought a new skirt last week. 他上周买了一条裙子。(强调上周的某个时间发生了买裙子的这个动作))
--He has bought a new skirt. 他己买了一条新裙子。(强调现在己经有新裙子。)
--They lived in that city last year. 他们去年住在那个城市里。(这个动作己经结束了,他们现在不住在那个城市里。)
--They have lived in that city for 10 years. 他们己经住在那个城市里面10年了。(住这个动作未结束,现在依然住在那个城市)
--She saw the film with her family last night. 她昨晚和她的家人看了这部电影。(强调昨晚看电影这个行为。)
--She has seen the film with her family. 她和她的家人己经看过这部电影了。(看电影这个动作发生在过去某个时间,对现在的影响是他们己经知道这部电影的剧情了。)
一般现在时,过去时与现在完成时的比较
--He does his homework everyday. 他每天都做作业。(强调习惯性动作)
--He did his homework yesterday evening. 他昨天晚上做作业了。(强调昨天晚上这个特定时间发生了做作业的这个动作。)
--He has done his homework.他己经做完作业。(强调现在的结果是他己经完成作业了。)
--Mother prepares dinner for us every day. 母亲每天都为我们准备晚餐。(习惯性动作)
--Mother prepared dinner for us yesterday evening. 母亲昨晚为我们准备晚餐了。(强调昨天晚上的特定时间发生的动作。)
--Mother has prepared dinner for us. 母亲己经做晚饭了。(强调现在的结果是饭己经做好了,可以吃了。)
Question: Where did Sam go for his holiday this year?
Hello, Sam. Come in.
--come in 祈使句,表示请求或命令的句子叫祈使句。祈使句中主语you常不出现,谓语动词用 原形。
Hi, Sam. We’re having lunch. Do you want to have lunch with us?
--We’re having lunch.现在进行时,表示目前正进行的动作。
--have lunch 吃午饭
--want to do 想要做…
--I want to have a bath. 我想要洗澡。
--with 和某人(某物)在一起
--I live with my parents. 我和我的父母住在一起。
--I am with my family now. 我现在和我的家人在一起
No, thank you. Tom. I’ve already had lunch. I had lunch at halfpast twelve.
--I’ve already had lunch. (表示我己经吃过午饭了,对现在的影响是我不想再吃了。
--already 己经(一般放在助动词的后面)
--She has already arrived the bus stop. 她己经到了公共汽车站。
I had lunch at half past twelve. 一般过去时,强调在12点半这个特定的过去时间点发生的动作,此处是指吃午饭这个动作。
Have a cup of coffee then.
--祈使句
--then 那么
I’ve just had a cup, thank you. I had one after my lunch.
--just 刚刚,现在完成时
--a cup 省略了of coffee
--one 代词, 代替coffee
--after 在…之后 after school
Let’s go into the living room, Carol. We can have our coffeethere.
--Let’s go … 祈使句Let’s 是Let us 的缩写。
--go into 走进 反义词是go out of
--have our coffee喝咖啡(have = drink)
Excuse the mess, Sam. This room’s very untidy.
--Excuse the mess . 房间很乱,请原谅
--tidy adj. 整洁的 反义词 untidy 乱的
We’re packing our suitcases.
--pack one’s suitcase 收拾衣箱
--suitcase 手提箱(尤指装衣服的)
--are going to 表示“打算”、“准备”
--leave… for…. 离开…去…
--leave London for Paris. 离开伦敦去巴黎。
--leave for… 动身去….
--I am going to leave for Canada. 我要动身去加拿大。
--have a holiday 度假
--Aren’t you lucky!
否定疑问句:否定疑问句可以表示说话者惊异的情绪,责难的口吻或赞叹;也可以表示说话才的某种建议、邀请、请求或看法等。
--Aren’t you a student? 难道你不是学生吗?
--Isn’t it hot here? 这里难道不热吗?
--Can’t you wait a moment? 你不能等一会吗?
--Haven’t I asked you? 难道我没问过你吗?
--Don’t you want to stay with us ? 你难道不愿意与我们呆在一起吗?
--Didn’t you see him yesterday? 难道你昨天没看见他吗?
回答这种问题时用简略回答。如果答语是肯定的,就用yes;如果答语是否定的,就用no.不过,这种答语的汉语译法有特殊之处。
--Don’t you know English? 你不懂英语吧?
--Yes, I do. 不,我懂。
--lucky adj. 幸运的
--luck n.幸运
--Wish you good luck!
I don’t know. I’ve already had my holiday this year. ((对现在的影响是己经不能再度假了。)
Where did you go?
--Where + 助动词+ 主语 + 动词原形
--Where did he put his new trousers? 他把他的新裤子放在哪儿了?
--some 表示一些,代替可数名词复数或不可数名词。
--one 代替可数名词
Lesson 85
--Paris n.巴黎(法国首都)
--cinema n.电影院
--We are going to the cinema next Sunday.
--film
1) n. 电影
--a file star 电影明星
--see the film 看电影
2)n. 底片,胶卷
--I want a roll of film. 请给我一卷胶卷。
3)v. 拍电影
--We’ve filmed abroad. 我们到外国拍摄过电影。
--beautiful
1) adj. 美丽的
--a beautiful flower
--a beautiful woman
2) 很棒的,完美的
--What a beautiful game it is!多棒的比赛!
与同义词的区别:
--beautiful表示接近和谐理想的美,pretty并非表示完美无缺的意思,而是着重表示“可爱”“令人怜爱”之意,gook-looking 指容貌美,handsome指容貌端正英俊的(多指男子)
--city n.城市,都市
--a large city 大都市
--What is the largest city in the United States? 美国最大的城市在哪里?
--never adv.决不,永不
--never通常置于 一般动词之前,be动词,助动词之后。
--I never had a chance to meet him. 我始终没有机会与他见面。
--I never get up early on Sunday morning.
可置于命令句之句首
--Never eat too much. 绝不要吃太多。
--never mind 不必介意
--ever
1)(用于疑问句)曾经,以前,至今(中文里有时不译出来)
--Do you ever go out late at night? 你平时在深夜外出吗?
--Have you ever been to France? 你曾去过法国吗?
--No, never. 没有去过。
2)(用于否定句)无论何时都(不…); 至今(不曾…)
--Nothing new ever happens in this little town. 这个小镇至今不曾发生过新鲜事。
--I haven’t ever been abroad. 我不曾到国外。
3)(用于if从句)曾经
--If you ever have any problems, don’t hesitate to let me know. 你若有任何问题,请告诉我,别客气。
4)(与最高级,比较级连用)至今
--This is the best novel that he has ever written. 这是他所写的小说中最好的一部。
Question:
What’s the name of the film?电影名字是什么?
At what time of year did Ken visit Paris? 肯是在什么季节访问巴黎的?
Have you just been to the cinema? Yes, I have.
这是现在完成时的一般疑问句,主语是you,助动词用have.
Just 刚刚,刚才(通常与完成时连用,有时也与过去时连用)
--He has just bought a second hand car.他刚刚买了一个二手小汽车。
--We just arrived.
--just “正要…刚要….”(常用进行时或be going to do 连用)
--I am just making tea for you. 我正要为你沏茶。
--She was just about to fall asleep when the telephone rang. 她刚要入睡,电话铃响了。
3)have been to a place 表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那个地方了,去而复归;have gone to a place表示己经去某地了,现在在那个地方或正在去的路上,去而未归。
--George has been to Paris.乔治去过巴黎 (他现在不在巴黎)
--George has gone to Paris. 乔治去巴黎了。(他在巴黎或去巴黎的路上)
--Have you ever been to America? 你去过美国吗?(对方不在美国境内)
--Has he gone go Washington D.C.? 他去华盛顿了吗?(被提到的人有可能在美国境内或在赴美途中)
--I have been to the library. 我己经去过图书馆。(说话的此刻不在图书馆)
--H e has gone to the library. 他去图书馆了。(有可能在图书馆,有可能在途中)
4)have bee to the cinema 表示去过电影院
--have been to the park 去过公园
但在名词school, work, church之前不加定冠词,它们所表示的是一种抽象概念而不是具体地点或位置。
What’s on?
--on 表示上映
Oh, I’ve already seen it. I saw it on television last year. It’san old film, but it’s very good.
already 己经
--She has already read this book. 她己经读过这本书了。
--It is already past five o’clock.己经过了五点了。
2)I’ve already seen it. 我己经看过这部片了。(强调对这部片子己经了解了)
--it 是指’Paris in the
spring’ 这部电影
3)I saw it on television last year. 我是去年在电视上看的这部片子。
4)on television 表示从电视上看到(表示的是和种抽象概念)
--on the television指在电视机上(指具体的方位)
--Where is my passport? 我的护照在哪?
--It’s on the television.在电视机上。
I’ve never been there.
have been to 后面加名词,若have been后面接副词,介词“to”要省去。
--I have been to the park. 我去过那个公园。
--He has already been to London. 他己经去过伦敦了。
2)I have never been there. 从未去过那。
--never表示“从来”,这里有强调之意。
It was spring, but the weather was awful.
the weather was awful 天气很糟糕
all the time 总是; 一直
--I will be here all the time. 我将一直在这。
--I stayed at home all the time. 我一直呆在家里。
Just like London!
just adv.恰好
--just then 正好在那个时候
2)like prep.象…
--What’s your father like?你爸爸是个什么样的人?
小结
短语及句子
--What’s on? 电影院在上映什么片子?
--on television 从电视上(看到)
--all the time 一直
--just like.. 不象… 一样
气极热。
--I’m awfully sorry. 我非常抱歉。
--telephone
1)n. 电话机
--My father bought a new telephone
yesterday. 我的爸爸昨天买了一个新的电话机.
--I can’t remember his telephone
number. 我想不想他的电话号码了.
2)n. 电话
--answer the telephone 听电话
3)v. 打电话
--The awful man always telephones me. 这个讨厌的人总给我打电话.
--time
1) n. 次(数)可数名词
基数词+ times (复数)
几次(二次以上)
--three times 三次/ four times 四次
--once 一次/ twice 两次
--He telephoned me three times this
morning. 他今天上午给我打了三个电话.
序数词 + time (单数)第…次
--the first time 第一次/the second time 第二次 / the third time 第三次
2)时间(不可数名词)
--Do you have time now? 你现在有时间吗?
--I don’t have time to do it. 我没有时间做它.
--all the time 一直
--I looked very hard for the letter,
and it was in my bag all the time. 我使劲儿找这封信,而它一直就在我的书包里.
--on time 按时,准时
--The train is on time. 火车准时到站.
--for the time being 晢时
--I don’t want to see him for the time
being. 我晢时不想见他.
--For the time being, we can’t make the
decision. 晢时我们还不能做决定.
--answer
1) v. 对…作出反应;响应
--Who answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?
--Mary took a few minutes to answer the
door. 玛丽拖了几分钟时间才去开门.
2) v. 回答;答复
--I don’t think you’ve answered my
question. 我认为你没有回答我的问题.
--I wrote him several letters but
couldn’t get an answer. 我给他写了好几封信,可都没有回音.
--answer the letter 回信
3) n. 答案;解决办法
--Do you know the answer to Question
10? 你知道第10题的答案吗?
--This is one of the possible answers
to today’s environmental problems. 这是有可能解决当今环境问题的方法之一.
--last adj.
1) 前一次的
--last night 昨夜/ last week 上周/ last month 上个月/ last summer 上个夏季/ last year 去年
2) 最后的,末尾的
--the last Sunday in May 五月的最后一个星期天
--the last time 最后一次
--phone n.电话
--again adv.再一次,又一次
--Say it again. 再说一次.
--When can we meet again? 我们何时再见面?
--Don’t do that again. 下次不可以再这样.
--This must never happen again. 这样的事情以后不可再度发生.
--again and again 屡次地,再三地
--be oneself again (指身体或精神)恢复常态
--say v. (强调说话的内容)
What’s Ron Marston like, Pauline?
--What is sb like? 可用来询问某人的外貌或品行.
--What’s her father like? 她爸爸是怎样一个人?
He’s awful! He telephoned me four times
yesterday, and three times the day before yesterday. 他讨厌透了!他昨天给我打了4次电话.前天打了3次.
1) awful 讨厌的
--I don’t want to speak to this awfulman.
2) telephone 做动词,打电话telephoned 过去式
3) four times 4次
--time在英语中作不可数名词时表示“时间”,作可数名词时表示“次数”, once 一次、twice 两次,三次或三次以上通常用基数词+ times 表示
4)yesterday 昨天
--yesterday morning 昨天上午
5)theday before yesterday 前天/ the day after tomorrow 后天
--I washed all my clothes the day before
yesterday. 我前天把所有的衣服都洗了。
--They are going to buy a new computer
the day after tomorrow. 他们后天打算买一台新电脑。
He telephoned the office yesterday
morning and yesterday afternoon. My boss answered the telephone. 他昨天上午把电话打到了我的办公室,是我老板接的。
--He telephoned the office… 表示把电话打到了办公室
--answer the telephone = answer the
phone 接电话
类似的短语如:
--answer the door = answer the doorbell开门
What did you boss say to him?
用what 对一般过去时提问时,后面的一般疑问句用did引导,谓语动词要用原形。
He said, ‘Pauline is typing letters.
She can’t speak to you now!’ 他说:“波林正在打信,她现在不能接电话!”
He said---said 是say 的过去式, said 后面接说话的内容
--speak to sb 与某人谈话
Then I arrived home at six o’clockyesterday evening. He telephoned again. But I didn’t answer the phone!
then 后来、接下来
arrive home 到家home 为adv. 修饰动词arrive
telephone again 又打电话again为副词,修饰动词telephone
一般过去时的否定式用didn’t,谓语动词要用原形。
He telephoned at nine o’clock.
--o’clock 前需加整数表示整点时间,前面的介词用at.
I said, ‘This is Pauline’s mother.Please don’t telephone my daughter again!’
1)This is … 用在打电话时用
--This is Mary speaking. 我是玛丽
This is sb calling from… 我是…,我正在…给你打电话
This is Wendy calling from Beijing.
问对方是哪位可以说:
Who’s that, please? Who’s calling please?
2) don’t do sth 祈使句的否定式,表示不要…
--don’t telephone my daughter
--again 表示再…
1).他前天下午5:30到家。
--He arrived home at 5:30 inthe afternoon the day before yesterday.
4) 前天下午谁爬树了?
--Who climbed the tree in the afternoonthe day before yesterday?
Lessen73
--week n.周
--There are seven daysin a wee, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday .
--weekday n.平日,工作日(星期一至星期五)
--on weekdays 在平日,在工作日
--weekend n.周末(星期五晚上至星期日晚上)
--at weekends 在周末
--weekly
1) adj. 每周一次的
--a
weekly wage 周薪
2)adv. 每周一次地
--I go to the
swimming pool weekly. 我每周去一次游泳馆。
--London n.伦敦
--I come from London.
--What’s the climatelike in London?
--We arrived in Londonyesterday.
--suddenly adv.突然地
--He suddenly came in. 他突然进来了。
--Suddenly, they
screamed. 他们突然尖叫起来。
--bus stop 公共汽车站
--at the bus stop 在公共汽车站
--I often see him at the
bus stop. 我经常在公共汽车站见到他。
--railway station 火车站
--at the railway station 在火车站
--airport 飞机场
--at the airport 在飞机场
--smile
1) v. 微笑 (注意smile 与smell发音的区别)
--I smiled at the
children and said ‘hello’. 我微笑地与孩子们打招呼。
2)n. 微笑
--give sb a
friendly smile 对某人友好地微笑
--laugh 出声的笑,大笑
--He always laughs
loudly. 他总是大声地笑。
--laugh at… 嘲笑某人
--Don’t laugh at others.
--pleasantly adv.愉快地
--He smiled pleasantly. 他亲切地微笑
--pleasant adj.
--The climate here isvery pleasant.
--understand v.懂,明白
--The book is very hard
to understand. 这本书很难懂。
--I don’t understandItalian.
--understood (understand的过去式)
--My grandmother
understood Russian when she was alive. 我的奶奶在世的时候懂俄语。
--speak v.讲,说,发言
--He can speak threelanguages-Chinese, English and French.
--Who are going to speak
at the meeting? 谁将在会上发言?
--speak ill of sb 说某人的坏话
--Don’t speak ill of
others. 别说别人的坏话。
--spoke (speak的过去式)
--He spoke ill of our
boss yesterday. 他昨天讲我们老板的坏话。
--hand n.手
--second hand 二手
--I bought a second handcar.
--give sb a hand 帮某人的忙
--Can you give me a
hand? 你能帮我一下吗?
--pocket n.衣袋
--I can’t find the key in
my pocket. 我在衣袋里找不到钥匙。
--slowly adv.缓慢地
--Could you drive alittle slowly?
--They are walkingslowly along the street.
--slow adj.
Last week Mrs. Millswent to London.
lastweek 上周/ last year 去年/ last month 上个月
--I
went shopping with my mother last week. 上周我和妈妈逛商店了。
--Hewas ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to school.
(一般过去时否定句用didn’t, 后面的谓语动词要用原形,所以把went 变回原形go)
Shedoes not know London very well, and she lost her way.
1)know…well 对…了解
--Doyou know him well?
--Idon’t know Italy very well.
2)
and 当“所以”讲,表示结果。
3)lost 是lose的过去式
4)lose v.丢失
--Ilost my key the day before yesterday.
5)loseone’s way 迷路了
6)way 路; 方法
--onthe way home 在回家的路上
--Excuse
me. Which is the way to the No.22 bus stop? 对不起,打搅一下,请问去22路公共汽车站的路怎么走?
--I
must find a way to solve the problem. 我必须找到解决问题的办法。
Suddenly,she saw a man near a bus stop. ‘I can ask him the way’ she said to herself.
suddenly adv.突然地
--sudden(adj.)+ ly = suddenly(adv.)
--quick(adj.)+ ly = quickly(adv.)
2)
saw 是see的过去式
--I
saw a very pretty lady near the office building yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我在办公大楼附近看见了一位非常漂亮的女士。
--I
didn’t see him all day yesterday. 我昨天一整天都没看见他。
一般过去时的否定时用didn’t,后面的动词要用原形。
1)ask sb the way 向某人问路
--CanI ask you the way to the railway station?
2)said是say 的过去式
3)say tooneself 心中暗想
--talk to oneself 自言自语地说
‘Excuseme,’ she said. ‘Can you tell me the way to King Street, please?’
she
said 表示她说,后面一般接说话的内容。
Can
you tell me the way to the railway station? 用来问路
Tell
sb the way 告诉某人(去…的路)
类似问路的表达方法还有:
--Couldyou please tell me how to get to the airport?
--Excuseme. How can I get to the No. 11 bus stop?
Theman smiled pleasantly.
--pleasantly是副词,修饰动词smiled.
--She
treats me pleasantly. 她对我很好
(pleasantly 修饰动词treats对待)
He
did not understand English!He spoke German. He was a tourist.
--understand 动词,表示懂,明白
--Can
you understand me? 你明白吗?
--Hedoesn’t understand Russian.
--spoke是speak 的过去式
--Canthey speak German?
--Theydon’t speak Japanese.
Thenhe put his hand into his pocket, and took out a phrasebook.
put…into… 把… 放进…里
--Then
he put his hand into his pocket. 他把手放进了衣袋里。
--put的过去式与动词原形一样,在此句中put为过去式。
--Putyour new dress into the wardrobe.
2)take
out 拿出来…
--He
took out a phrasebook. 掏出了一本常用语手册。(took是take 的过去式)
--Pleasetake out your book.
--take…out
of… 把…从…里面拿出来
--He
took a gun out of his bag. 他从包里拿出一把手枪。
Heopened the book and found a phrase.
--open
the book 打开书,翻开书
--close
the book / shut the book 合上书
Heread the phrase slowly.
read的过去式和原形是一样的,但读音不同。原形发[ri:d], 过去式发[red]
slowly缓慢地,副词修饰动词read
--Thesechildren are tired, so they walk very slowly.
--Heis driving slowly along the road.
小结:
--know…well 对…了解
--loseone’s way 迷路了
--sayto oneself 心中暗想
--asksb the way 向某人问路
--put…into…把…放进…里
--takeout 拿出来…
--takeout of… 把…从…拿出来
--hurriedly adv.匆忙地
--He
went out of his office hurriedly. 他匆匆忙忙地走出了他的办公室。
--cut v.割,切
--Becareful! Don’t cut yourself.
--cut…into
pieces 把…切成小片/条
--Cut
the potato into pieces. 把土豆切成小片/条
--greet v.问候,打招呼
--greet
sb 与某人打招呼
--Weuse the phrase ‘good morning’ to greet others in the morning.
副词的作用是补充动词的意义。通过修饰动词我们知道有关句中某个动作的情况,也就是告诉我们某动作是如何、何时、何地等发生或进行的。
副词可以是单个的词(如slowly)或词组(very well)。单一副词即有以-ly结尾的如quickly,也有不以-ly结尾的如fast.
形容词向副词的转换一般遵循3个规则:
在形容词后面直接加-ly, 如:
--quick----quickly
--hurried----hurriedly
--pleasant---pleasantly
2)以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,则把-y改成-I,再加-ly,如:
--thirsty---thirstily
--happy---happily
3)形容词与副词的形式相同:
--late---late
(adj.)be late for school
(adv.)come home late.
--fast---fast
(adj.)a fast car
(adv.)run fast
--hard---hard
(adj.)hard work
(adv.)work hard
--well---well
--(adj.)I’m well.
--(adv.)I swim well.
1.他的爸爸今天早晨匆忙地刮胡子,结果把自己严重地割伤了。
--Hisfather shaved hurriedly this morning and cut himself badly.
2.她的儿子拿了一块蛋糕并把它迅速地吃掉了。
--Herson took a cake and ate it quickly.
3.我前天下午在街上碰见了她,她非常热情地与我打招呼。
--Imet her in the street in the afternoon the day before yesterday and she greetedme warmly.
4.昨天下午公共汽车开得很慢,结果我们很晚才到家。
--Thebus went slowly yesterday afternoon and we arrived home late.
5.昨天夜里我们玩得很开心。
--Weenjoyed ourselves very much last night.
6.我们对伦敦不是很了解
--Wedon’t know London very well.
Lessen75
--ago adv.表示过去时间,与一般过去时连用
--not long ago 不久以前
--It happened not longago.
--long, long ago 很久以前
--Long, long ago, therewas a girl named Snow White.
--buy (bought)v. 购买
--I bought a dress formy mother.
--He bought asecond-hand car.
--buyer n.购买者; (大商店的)采购员
--Have you found a buyerfor your house?
--buyer’s market 买方市场
--sell (sold) v. 卖
--sell sth at a high
price 高价出售(某物)
--sell sth at a loss 赔钱出售(某物)
--I sold my car to a
friend for £750.
--Umbrellas sell best insummer.
--seller
1)卖方
--seller’s market 卖方市场
2)售出之物
--This dictionary is abest seller.
--This model is a poorseller.
--pair n.双,对(后面接复数名词)
--a pair of gloves/ apair of shoes/ a pair of socks/ a pair of ear-rings
--My glasses are broken;
I need to buy another pair. 我的眼镜破了,我得再买一副。
--fashion n. (服装的)流行式样
--dressed in the latest
fashion 穿着入时
--a fashion show 时装表演
--fashion magazine 时装杂志
--come into fashion 流行
--be in fashion
--Long shirts have comeinto fashion again.
--go out of fashion/ be
out of fashion 过时
--fashionable adj.时髦的
--It is fashionable tohave short hair nowadays.
--uncomfortable adj.不舒服的
--uncomfortable chairs/uncomfortable shoes
--comfortable adj.
--She made herselfcomfortable in a big chair.
--comfort n.舒适
--live in comfort 生活舒适
--a few words of comfort几句安慰的话
--wear
1) v. 穿,戴,蓄(毛发)等
--wear a beard 留胡须
--She never wears green.她从不穿绿色的衣服
2)n.
--men’s wear 男装
--underwear 内衣
--foot wear 鞋袜
--sport wear 运动服装
--dress
1) v. 穿衣
--Hurry up and get
dressed! 快点穿上衣服。
--Is she old enough to
dress herself yet? 她会自己穿衣服吗?
2)n. 连衣裙
--formal dress 礼服/ evening dress 晚礼服
做动词时,wear强调状态; dress 强调动作。
Question: What’s wrongwith the fashionable shoes?
Do you have any shoeslike these?
--have/has当“拥有”讲的时候,变成一般疑问句时可以用助动词do/does,也可以把have/has提到句首,同样,变成否定句式时,可以在主语后面加don’t/
doesn’t, 也可以在have/has后面加not.
=Have you any shoes likethese?
--like prep.象…
--How can you treat your
parents like this? 你怎么可以这样对待你的父母??
--Mike is like his
father. 麦克象他的爸爸一样。
--Size five
--lessen ten 第10课
--room 111 111房间
--No.2 第二
I’m sorry. We don’t haveany.
--any 后面省略了black shoes.
But my sister boughtthis pair last month.
--bought 是buy的过去式
--I bought a new pair of
trousers last week. 上周我买了一条新裤子。
--a pair 后面省略了of shoes.
Did she buy them here?
一般过去时的一般疑问句用did引导,后面的谓语动词要用原形。
--bought----àbuy
--them指shoes
We had some shoes likethose a month ago. But we don’t have any now.
--a month ago 一个月前,这是用在过去时态的时间状语,因此谓语动词要用过去式。
--like those 介词短语,此处作 定语修饰shoes,象那样的鞋。
--don’t have any 后面省略了shoes like
those 象那样的鞋
--We don’t have any.= Wehaven’t any.
Can you get a pair forme, please?
Can you在此句中表示请求
--get 表示找到,弄到
--a pair指的是a pair of shoes
like these,象这样的一双鞋。
--for me 为我(for 是介词)
I’m afraid that I can’t.
--I’m afraid 我恐怕
--I’m afraid you can’t
go with me. 我恐怕你不能和我一起走。
--that I can’t 作afraid 的宾语
这是一个宾语从句,也就是说充当宾语成分的不是单词或短语,而是一个句子。
I’m
afraid that you can’t see your boss at the moment. 我恐怕你现在不能见你的老板。
--that引导的句子,you can’t see
your boss at the moment 作afraid 的宾语,因此叫宾语从句,that 可以省略。
They were in fashionlast year and the year before last. But they’re not in fashion this year.
--be in fashion now 现在正流行
But women always wearuncomfortable shoes!
--wear uncomfortable
shoes 穿不舒适的鞋子
小结:
--like prep.象
--shoes like these. 象这样的鞋
--what size 多大号码
--I’m afraid that… 我恐怕…
--in fashion 流行的
--look uncomfortable 看起来不舒服
约翰昨天自己漆书架。
--John painted thatbookcase by himself yesterday.
保罗前天在街上看到一辆时髦的车,他也想要那样的。
--Paul saw a fashionablecar in the street the day before yesterday. He wanted a car like that one.
Lessen 77
--appointment n.约会,预约
--appoint v.指定,决定
--We must appoint a day
to meet again. 我们必须定出下次见面的日期。
--ment 名词词尾
--punishment 惩罚/ government 统治
--to make an appointment预约
--Can we make an
appointment now? 我们现在约个时间好吗?
--to have an appointment
with sb 与某人有约
--I have an appointment
with my doctor at 3:00 p.m. 我约好下午三点看医生。
--date n.约会(指男女之间的约会)
--urgent adj.紧急的,急迫的
--An S.O.S. (Save OurShip) is an urgent message.
--S.O.S是一个呼救信号
--It is urgent that the
patient should get to hospital. 病人应该立即送入医院。
--We are in urgent need
of gas. 我们急需汽油。
--worried adj. (人)着急的,担忧的
--I am worried about his
health. 我为他的健康担忧。
--anxious adj. 急切的,热切的
--We are anxious to seehim.
--till prep.直到…为止= until
--till和until 的选择主要以习惯和对称为准。句首出现时通常只用until
--I shall wait till next
Monday. 我将等到下周一。
--Until now I knew
nothing about it. 在此之前我一无所知。
--They work from morning
till night day after day. 他们日复一日的从早工作到晚。
--Good-bye till next
Monday. 下周一见
作连词:
--He didn’t call until
10 o’clock. 他十点钟才打来电话。
--The rain did not stop
until midnight. 雨到午夜才停。
--You’d better wait
until he comes back. 你最好等他回来。
--Let’s wait till the
rain stops. 我们等到雨停吧。
--January Jan./ February Feb./ March Mar. / April Apr. / May May / June Jun / July Jul. / August Aug. / September Sept. /October Oct./ November Nov./ December Dec.
介词与表时间的名词的搭配
表某一时刻用at
--at 10:00 at ten o’clock
--at 4:50 at four fifty/ at ten to five
--at 6:15 at six fifteen/ at a quarter past six
--at 9:30 at nine thirty/ at half past nine.
--at noon 中午
--at night 在夜晚,为习惯用法,表一般时间
--at present 目前,当前
--at the moment 当下,此刻
表确定的某日或某日的上午,下午等用on
--on Sunday / onThursday
--on Oct. 1
--on Aug. 2nd, 1927
--on Nov. 5th,1528
表示在一段时间内用in
上午、下午、晚上
--inthe morning
--inthe afternoon
--in the evening
2) 月份或季节
--in January
--in October
--in the fall of 1963
--in winter
--in autumn and winter
3)年
--in 1921
--in 1949
小结
情态动词can, must,may 及其否定式和疑问句式。
表时间的知语中,介词的应用。
Lessen 79
--shopping n.购物
--go shopping 逛商店
--(go doing表示参加一种活动)
--Shall we go shopping?
--No, I think it a waste
of time. You just go around but buy nothing. 不去,我认为这是浪费时间,你只是到处逛街,却什么都不买。
--go swimming 去游泳
--I go swimming every
afternoon. 我每天下午去游泳。
--go hunting 去打猎
--I often went hunting
with my father when I was young. 我小时候常和父亲去打猎。
--do shopping 购物
--We do shopping every
Sunday. 我们每周日去购物。
--She spends her money
quickly. She does too much shopping. 她花钱花得很快,她买的东西太多了。
--do reading 看书
--I always try to do
some reading when I am free. 我有空时总是设法看点书。
--do cleaning 打扫卫生
--Who does the cleaning
in your house? 你家谁打扫卫生?
--do cooking 做饭
--My father never does
cooking . 我爸爸从来不做饭。
--list n.单子
--I need a list of your
names. 我需要你们的一份名单。
--Please make a list of
things you must do. 请把你必须做的事列一个单子。
--name list 名单/ shopping list 购物单
--vegetable n.蔬菜,可数名词
--I like vegetables
better than meat. 我对蔬菜比对肉更喜欢。
--Peas, cabbages,
potatoes and tomatoes are all vegetables. 豌豆、白菜、土豆和西红柿都是蔬菜。
--need v.需要
--What do you need? 你需要什么?
--I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
--I need food, clothing,
housing and love. 我需要食物,衣物,住房和爱。
--need作情态动词,接动词原形,通常用于疑问句和否定句。
--Need I help him with
his lessons? 需要我帮他做功课吗?
--No, you needn’t. 不,不需要。
--You needn’t tell me
your ideas. 你不必把你的想法告诉我。
--need n.需要
--Water is our greatest
need. 水是我们最需要的。
--in need of 需要
--We are in great need
of water. 我们非常缺水。
--hope v.希望
--hope to do sth 希望做某事
--I hope to see him now.我希望现在见到他。
--I hope to get a new
car. 我希望得到一辆新车。
--Everyone hopes to live
a happy life. 人人都希望过上幸福的生活。
--thing n.事情,东西
--What is that small
thing? 那小东西是什么?
--I have many things to
do. 我有许多事情要做。
--something 某物,某事 不定代词
--Something must be
wrong with my car. 我的车一定是出了什么毛病。
--I hope to get
something to eat. 我想找点东西吃。
--anything 任何事情,任何东西 不定代词,用于否定、疑问句
--Do you have anything
to tell me? 你有事要告诉我吗?
--I don’t have anything
to do today. 我今天没事可做。
--nothing 没有事,没有任何东西 不定代词
--I have no money, no
house, no love. I have nothing. 我没有钱,没有房子,没有爱,我什么都没有。
--There is nothing I can
do. 我无事可做。
--I hear nothing. 我什么都听不见。
--money n.钱,不可数名词
--He has a lot of money.
He’s rich. 他有很多钱,他很富。
--Which is more
important, love or money? 爱情与金钱哪个更重要呢?
--Money can not buy
everything. 金钱买不来一切。
Question:What does Carol
want to buy? 卡罗尔想买什么?
I’m making a shoppinglist, Tom.
--make a list 写单子
--I am making a list of
your names. 我在写你们的名单。
--make a shopping list 写购物单
--We need a lot ofthings this week.= We have a lot of things to buy this week.
I must go to the grocer’s.we haven’t got much tea or coffee, and we haven’t got any sugar or jam.
--go to the grocer’s 去杂货店
相当于go to thegrocer’s shop.
--to buy things foreveryday life.
We haven’t got much tea
and coffee. = We have little tea and coffee. (我们只有很少一点茶叶和咖啡了。)=There
remains little tea and coffee.(剩下的茶叶和咖啡不多了。)
--or用在否定句中,表示“即不…也不…”
--They are not doctors
or nurses. 他们即不是医生,也不是护士。
用and 则表示“不同时是”
--I am not a teacher and
doctor. I am only a teacher. 我不是即当教师又当医生,我只是一个教师。
--I don’t like beer and
coco-cola. 我不喜欢把啤酒和可乐搅在一起喝。
--I don’t like beer or
coco-cola. 我即不喜欢啤酒,也不喜欢可乐。
What about vegetables?
What about…? …又怎么样?
--Your mother is fine.
What about your father? 你母亲很好,你父亲怎么样?
--I’ll go shopping. What
about you?我要去逛商店,你呢?
What about…? How about…?可以用来表建议。
--What about a cup oftea? That’s great.
We haven’t got many
tomatoes.= We have got very few tomatoes. (我们的西红柿几乎没有了)
I must go to thebutcher’s, too.
--too也,还用逗号与主句隔开,只用于肯定句和疑问句中。
--I bought some coffee.
I bought some milk, too. 我买了一点咖啡,还买了一些牛奶。
否定句中用either, 表示“也不”
--I don’t like tea. I
don’t like coffee, either. 我不喜欢喝茶,也不喜欢喝咖啡。
We need some meat.
--some meat 一些肉,meat是不可数名词
--a lot of meat 许多肉
--at all 根本,一点也(不);用在否定句中,加强语气。
--I don’t like it at
all. 我一点都不喜欢。
--I didn’t tell him
anything at all. 我根本没告诉过他任何事。
--I never swim at all. 我从不游泳。
--not at all 根本不,一点也不
--Thank you very much. /Not at all.
Have we got any beer andwine?
No, we haven’t. And I’mnot going go get any!
--No, we haven’t. = wehaven’t got any beer or wine.
--I’m not going to getany!= I’m not going to get any beer or wine.
I hope that you’ve gotsome money.
--I hope that 跟从句,希望某人做某事
--I hope that you can
come back early. 我希望你能早点回来。
--I hope that I haven’t
made any mistakes. 我希望我没出什么错。
I haven’t got much.= Ihaven’t got much money.
--much 不定代词,指代或修饰不可数名词,“许多”,“许多东西”。
--I don’t know much
about him. 我对他不十分了解。
--I don’t have much to
do. 我没有多少事要做。
Well, I haven’t got mucheither!
--well 语气词,唉
--either用于否定句,“也不”。
--groceries n.食品杂货
--grocery n.杂货店
--a grocery store 杂货店
--I’m going to the
grocer’s to get some groceries. 我要到杂货店去买些杂货/ 生活用品。
--fruit n.水果,单数作集体名词水果
--Do you eat much fruit?你水果吃得多吗?
--No, only a little. 不多,只吃一点。
--stationery n. (总称词)文具
小结:
have/ has “有,拥有”
--否定形式:在后面直接加not,或者是加助动词don’t 或doesn’t.
Lessen73
--week n.周
--There are seven days in a wee, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday .
--weekday n.平日,工作日(星期一至星期五)
--on weekdays 在平日,在工作日
--weekend n.周末(星期五晚上至星期日晚上)
--at weekends 在周末
--weekly
1) adj. 每周一次的
--a weekly wage 周薪
2)adv. 每周一次地
--I go to the swimming pool weekly. 我每周去一次游泳馆。
--London n.伦敦
--I come from London.
--What’s the climate like in London?
--We arrived in London yesterday.
--suddenly adv.突然地
--He suddenly came in. 他突然进来了。
--Suddenly, they screamed. 他们突然尖叫起来。
--bus stop 公共汽车站
--at the bus stop 在公共汽车站
--I often see him at the bus stop. 我经常在公共汽车站见到他。
--railway station 火车站
--at the railway station 在火车站
--airport 飞机场
--at the airport 在飞机场
--smile
1) v. 微笑 (注意smile 与smell发音的区别)
--I smiled at the children and said ‘hello’. 我微笑地与孩子们打招呼。
2)n. 微笑
--give sb a friendly smile 对某人友好地微笑
--laugh 出声的笑,大笑
--He always laughs loudly. 他总是大声地笑。
--laugh at… 嘲笑某人
--Don’t laugh at others.
--pleasantly adv.愉快地
--He smiled pleasantly. 他亲切地微笑
--pleasant adj.
--The climate here is very pleasant.
--understand v.懂,明白
--The book is very hard to understand. 这本书很难懂。
--I don’t understand Italian.
--understood (understand的过去式)
--My grandmother understood Russian when she was alive. 我的奶奶在世的时候懂俄语。
--speak v.讲,说,发言
--He can speak three languages-Chinese, English and French.
--Who are going to speak at the meeting? 谁将在会上发言?
--speak ill of sb 说某人的坏话
--Don’t speak ill of others. 别说别人的坏话。
--spoke (speak的过去式)
--He spoke ill of our boss yesterday. 他昨天讲我们老板的坏话。
--hand n.手
--second hand 二手
--I bought a second hand car.
--give sb a hand 帮某人的忙
--Can you give me a hand? 你能帮我一下吗?
--pocket n.衣袋
--I can’t find the key in my pocket. 我在衣袋里找不到钥匙。
--slowly adv.缓慢地
--Could you drive a little slowly?
--They are walking slowly along the street.
--slow adj.
Last week Mrs. Mills went to London.
last week 上周/
last year 去年/ last month 上个月
--I went shopping with my mother last week.上周我和妈妈逛商店了。
--He was ill yesterday, so he didn’t goto school.
(一般过去时否定句用didn’t, 后面的谓语动词要用原形,所以把went 变回原形go)
She does not know London very well, andshe lost her way.
1)know…well 对…了解
--Do you know him well?
--I don’t know Italy very well.
2) and 当“所以”讲,表示结果。
3)lost 是lose的过去式
4)lose v.丢失
--I lost my key the day beforeyesterday.
5)lose one’s way 迷路了
6)way 路; 方法
--on the way home 在回家的路上
--Excuse me. Which is the way to the
No.22 bus stop? 对不起,打搅一下,请问去22路公共汽车站的路怎么走?
--I must find a way to solve the
problem. 我必须找到解决问题的办法。
Suddenly, she saw a man near a busstop. ‘I can ask him the way’ she said to herself.
suddenly adv.突然地
--sudden(adj.) + ly = suddenly(adv.)
--quick(adj.) + ly = quickly(adv.)
2) saw 是see的过去式
--I saw a very pretty lady near the
office building yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我在办公大楼附近看见了一位非常漂亮的女士。
--I didn’t see him all day yesterday. 我昨天一整天都没看见他。
一般过去时的否定时用didn’t,后面的动词要用原形。
1)ask sb
the way 向某人问路
--Can I ask you the way to the railwaystation?
2)said 是say 的过去式
3)say tooneself 心中暗想
--talk to oneself 自言自语地说
‘Excuse me,’ she said. ‘Can you tell methe way to King Street, please?’
she said 表示她说,后面一般接说话的内容。
Can you tell me the way to the railway
station? 用来问路
Tell sb the way 告诉某人(去…的路)
类似问路的表达方法还有:
--Could you please tell me how to getto the airport?
--Excuse me. How can I get to the No.11 bus stop?
The man smiled pleasantly.
--pleasantly 是副词,修饰动词smiled.
--She treats me pleasantly. 她对我很好
(pleasantly 修饰动词treats对待)
He did not understand English!He spoke German. He was a tourist.
--understand 动词,表示懂,明白
--Can you understand me? 你明白吗?
--He doesn’t understand Russian.
--spoke是speak 的过去式
--Can they speak German?
--They don’t speak Japanese.
Then he put his hand into his pocket,and took out a phrasebook.
put…into… 把… 放进…里
--Then he put his hand into his pocket.他把手放进了衣袋里。
--put 的过去式与动词原形一样,在此句中put为过去式。
--Put your new dress into the wardrobe.
2)take out 拿出来…
--He took out a phrasebook. 掏出了一本常用语手册。(took是take 的过去式)
--Please take out your book.
--take…out of… 把…从…里面拿出来
--He took a gun out of his bag. 他从包里拿出一把手枪。
He opened the book and found a phrase.
--open the book 打开书,翻开书
--close the book / shut the book 合上书
He read the phrase slowly.
read 的过去式和原形是一样的,但读音不同。原形发[ri:d], 过去式发[red]
slowly 缓慢地,副词修饰动词read
--These children are tired, so theywalk very slowly.
--He is driving slowly along the road.
小结:
--know…well 对…了解
--lose one’s way 迷路了
--say to oneself 心中暗想
--ask sb the way 向某人问路
--put…into…把…放进…里
--take out 拿出来…
--take out of… 把…从…拿出来
--hurriedly adv.匆忙地
--He went out of his office hurriedly. 他匆匆忙忙地走出了他的办公室。
--cut v.割,切
--Be careful! Don’t cut yourself.
--cut…into pieces 把…切成小片/条
--Cut the potato into pieces. 把土豆切成小片/条
--greet v.问候,打招呼
--greet sb 与某人打招呼
--We use the phrase ‘good morning’ togreet others in the morning.
副词的作用是补充动词的意义。通过修饰动词我们知道有关句中某个动作的情况,也就是告诉我们某动作是如何、何时、何地等发生或进行的。
副词可以是单个的词(如slowly)或词组(very well)。单一副词即有以-ly结尾的如quickly,也有不以-ly结尾的如fast.
形容词向副词的转换一般遵循3个规则:
在形容词后面直接加-ly, 如:
--quick----quickly
--hurried----hurriedly
--pleasant---pleasantly
2)以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,则把-y改成-I,再加-ly,如:
--thirsty--- thirstily
--happy--- happily
3)形容词与副词的形式相同:
--late---late
(adj.) be late for school
(adv.) come home late.
--fast---fast
(adj.) a fast car
(adv.) run fast
--hard---hard
(adj.) hard work
(adv.) work hard
--well---well
--(adj.) I’m well.
--(adv.) I swim well.
1.他的爸爸今天早晨匆忙地刮胡子,结果把自己严重地割伤了。
--His father shaved hurriedly thismorning and cut himself badly.
2.她的儿子拿了一块蛋糕并把它迅速地吃掉了。
--Her son took a cake and ate itquickly.
3.我前天下午在街上碰见了她,她非常热情地与我打招呼。
--I met her in the street in theafternoon the day before yesterday and she greeted me warmly.
4.昨天下午公共汽车开得很慢,结果我们很晚才到家。
--The bus went slowly yesterdayafternoon and we arrived home late.
5.昨天夜里我们玩得很开心。
--We enjoyed ourselves very much lastnight.
6.我们对伦敦不是很了解
--We don’t know London very well.
Lessen 75
--ago adv.表示过去时间,与一般过去时连用
--not long ago 不久以前
--It happened not long ago.
--long, long ago 很久以前
--Long, long ago, there was a girl named Snow White.
--buy (bought)v. 购买
--I bought a dress for my mother.
--He bought a second-hand car.
--buyer n.购买者; (大商店的)采购员
--Have you found a buyer for your house?
--buyer’s market 买方市场
--sell (sold) v. 卖
--sell sth at a high price 高价出售(某物)
--sell sth at a loss 赔钱出售(某物)
--I sold my car to a friend for £750.
--Umbrellas sell best in summer.
--seller
1)卖方
--seller’s market 卖方市场
2)售出之物
--This dictionary is a best seller.
--This model is a poor seller.
--pair n.双,对(后面接复数名词)
--a pair of gloves/ a pair of shoes/ a pair of socks/ a pair ofear-rings
--My glasses are broken; I need to buy another pair. 我的眼镜破了,我得再买一副。
--fashion n. (服装的)流行式样
--dressed in the latest fashion 穿着入时
--a fashion show 时装表演
--fashion magazine 时装杂志
--come into fashion 流行
--be in fashion
--Long shirts have come into fashion again.
--go out of fashion/ be out of fashion 过时
--fashionable adj.时髦的
--It is fashionable to have short hair nowadays.
--uncomfortable adj.不舒服的
--uncomfortable chairs/ uncomfortable shoes
--comfortable adj.
--She made herself comfortable in a big chair.
--comfort n.舒适
--live in comfort 生活舒适
--a few words of comfort 几句安慰的话
--wear
1) v. 穿,戴,蓄(毛发)等
--wear a beard 留胡须
--She never wears green. 她从不穿绿色的衣服
2)n.
--men’s wear 男装
--underwear 内衣
--foot wear 鞋袜
--sport wear 运动服装
--dress
1) v. 穿衣
--Hurry up and get dressed! 快点穿上衣服。
--Is she old enough to dress herself yet? 她会自己穿衣服吗?
2)n. 连衣裙
--formal dress 礼服/ evening dress 晚礼服
做动词时,wear强调状态; dress 强调动作。
Question: What’s wrong with the fashionable shoes?
Do you have any shoes like these?
--have/has当“拥有”讲的时候,变成一般疑问句时可以用助动词do/does,也可以把have/has提到句首,同样,变成否定句式时,可以在主语后面加don’t/ doesn’t, 也可以在have/has后面加not.
=Have you any shoes like these?
--like prep.象…
--How can you treat your parents like this? 你怎么可以这样对待你的父母??
--Mike is like his father. 麦克象他的爸爸一样。
--Size five
--lessen ten 第10课
--room 111 111房间
--No.2 第二
I’m sorry. We don’t have any.
--any 后面省略了black shoes.
But my sister bought this pair last month.
--bought 是buy的过去式
--I bought a new pair of trousers last week. 上周我买了一条新裤子。
--a pair 后面省略了of shoes.
Did she buy them here?
一般过去时的一般疑问句用did引导,后面的谓语动词要用原形。
--bought----àbuy
--them指shoes
We had some shoes like those a month ago. But we don’t have anynow.
--a month ago 一个月前,这是用在过去时态的时间状语,因此谓语动词要用过去式。
--like those 介词短语,此处作 定语修饰shoes,象那样的鞋。
--don’t have any 后面省略了shoes like
those 象那样的鞋
--We don’t have any.= We haven’t any.
Can you get a pair for me, please?
Can you在此句中表示请求
--get 表示找到,弄到
--a pair指的是a pair of shoes
like these,象这样的一双鞋。
--for me 为我(for 是介词)
I’m afraid that I can’t .
--I’m afraid 我恐怕
--I’m afraid you can’t go with me. 我恐怕你不能和我一起走。
--that I can’t 作afraid 的宾语
这是一个宾语从句,也就是说充当宾语成分的不是单词或短语,而是一个句子。
I’m afraid that you can’t see your boss
at the moment. 我恐怕你现在不能见你的老板。
--that引导的句子,you can’t see your boss at the moment 作afraid的宾语,因此叫宾语从句,that 可以省略。
They were in fashion last year and the year before last. Butthey’re not in fashion this year.
--be in fashion now 现在正流行
But women always wear uncomfortable shoes!
--wear uncomfortable shoes 穿不舒适的鞋子
小结:
--like prep.象
--shoes like these. 象这样的鞋
--what size 多大号码
--I’m afraid that… 我恐怕…
--in fashion 流行的
--look uncomfortable 看起来不舒服
约翰昨天自己漆书架。
--John painted that bookcase by himself yesterday.
保罗前天在街上看到一辆时髦的车,他也想要那样的。
--Paul saw a fashionable car in the street the day beforeyesterday. He wanted a car like that one.
Lessen 77
--appointment n.约会,预约
--appoint v.指定,决定
--We must appoint a day to meet again. 我们必须定出下次见面的日期。
--ment 名词词尾
--punishment 惩罚/ government 统治
--to make an appointment 预约
--Can we make an appointment now? 我们现在约个时间好吗?
--to have an appointment with sb 与某人有约
--I have an appointment with my doctor at 3:00 p.m. 我约好下午三点看医生。
--date n.约会(指男女之间的约会)
--urgent adj.紧急的,急迫的
--An S.O.S. (Save Our Ship) is an urgent message.
--S.O.S是一个呼救信号
--It is urgent that the patient should get to hospital. 病人应该立即送入医院。
--We are in urgent need of gas. 我们急需汽油。
--worried adj. (人)着急的,担忧的
--I am worried about his health. 我为他的健康担忧。
--anxious adj. 急切的,热切的
--We are anxious to see him.
--till prep.直到…为止= until
--till和until 的选择主要以习惯和对称为准。句首出现时通常只用until
--I shall wait till next Monday. 我将等到下周一。
--Until now I knew nothing about it. 在此之前我一无所知。
--They work from morning till night day after day. 他们日复一日的从早工作到晚。
--Good-bye till next Monday. 下周一见
作连词:
--He didn’t call until 10 o’clock. 他十点钟才打来电话。
--The rain did not stop until midnight. 雨到午夜才停。
--You’d better wait until he comes back. 你最好等他回来。
--Let’s wait till the rain stops. 我们等到雨停吧。
--January Jan./February Feb./ March Mar. / April Apr. / May May / June Jun /July Jul. / August Aug. / September Sept. / October Oct./ November Nov./ December Dec.
介词与表时间的名词的搭配
表某一时刻用at
--at 10:00 at ten o’clock
--at 4:50 at four fifty/at ten to five
--at 6:15 at sixfifteen/ at a quarter past six
--at 9:30 at ninethirty/ at half past nine.
--at noon 中午
--at night 在夜晚,为习惯用法,表一般时间
--at present 目前,当前
--at the moment 当下,此刻
表确定的某日或某日的上午,下午等用on
--on Sunday / on Thursday
--on Oct. 1
--on Aug. 2nd, 1927
--on Nov. 5th, 1528
表示在一段时间内用in
上午、下午、晚上
--in the morning
--in the afternoon
--in the evening
2) 月份或季节
--in January
--in October
--in the fall of 1963
--in winter
--in autumn and winter
3)年
--in 1921
--in 1949
小结
情态动词can, must,may 及其否定式和疑问句式。
表时间的知语中,介词的应用。
Lessen 79
--shopping n.购物
--go shopping 逛商店
--(go doing表示参加一种活动)
--Shall we go shopping?
--No, I think it a waste of time. You just go around but buy
nothing. 不去,我认为这是浪费时间,你只是到处逛街,却什么都不买。
--go swimming 去游泳
--I go swimming every afternoon. 我每天下午去游泳。
--go hunting 去打猎
--I often went hunting with my father when I was young. 我小时候常和父亲去打猎。
--do shopping 购物
--We do shopping every Sunday. 我们每周日去购物。
--She spends her money quickly. She does too much shopping. 她花钱花得很快,她买的东西太多了。
--do reading 看书
--I always try to do some reading when I am free. 我有空时总是设法看点书。
--do cleaning 打扫卫生
--Who does the cleaning in your house? 你家谁打扫卫生?
--do cooking 做饭
--My father never does cooking . 我爸爸从来不做饭。
--list n.单子
--I need a list of your names. 我需要你们的一份名单。
--Please make a list of things you must do. 请把你必须做的事列一个单子。
--name list 名单/ shopping list 购物单
--vegetable n.蔬菜,可数名词
--I like vegetables better than meat. 我对蔬菜比对肉更喜欢。
--Peas, cabbages, potatoes and tomatoes are all vegetables. 豌豆、白菜、土豆和西红柿都是蔬菜。
--need v.需要
--What do you need? 你需要什么?
--I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
--I need food, clothing, housing and love. 我需要食物,衣物,住房和爱。
--need 作情态动词,接动词原形,通常用于疑问句和否定句。
--Need I help him with his lessons? 需要我帮他做功课吗?
--No, you needn’t. 不,不需要。
--You needn’t tell me your ideas. 你不必把你的想法告诉我。
--need n.需要
--Water is our greatest need. 水是我们最需要的。
--in need of 需要
--We are in great need of water. 我们非常缺水。
--hope v.希望
--hope to do sth 希望做某事
--I hope to see him now. 我希望现在见到他。
--I hope to get a new car. 我希望得到一辆新车。
--Everyone hopes to live a happy life. 人人都希望过上幸福的生活。
--thing n.事情,东西
--What is that small thing? 那小东西是什么?
--I have many things to do. 我有许多事情要做。
--something 某物,某事 不定代词
--Something must be wrong with my car. 我的车一定是出了什么毛病。
--I hope to get something to eat. 我想找点东西吃。
--anything 任何事情,任何东西 不定代词,用于否定、疑问句
--Do you have anything to tell me? 你有事要告诉我吗?
--I don’t have anything to do today. 我今天没事可做。
--nothing 没有事,没有任何东西 不定代词
--I have no money, no house, no love. I have nothing. 我没有钱,没有房子,没有爱,我什么都没有。
--There is nothing I can do. 我无事可做。
--I hear nothing. 我什么都听不见。
--money n.钱,不可数名词
--He has a lot of money. He’s rich. 他有很多钱,他很富。
--Which is more important, love or money? 爱情与金钱哪个更重要呢?
--Money can not buy everything. 金钱买不来一切。
Question:What does Carol want
to buy? 卡罗尔想买什么?
I’m making a shopping list, Tom.
--make a list 写单子
--I am making a list of your names. 我在写你们的名单。
--make a shopping list 写购物单
--We need a lot of things this week.= We have a lot of things tobuy this week.
I must go to the grocer’s. we haven’t got much tea or coffee, andwe haven’t got any sugar or jam.
--go to the grocer’s 去杂货店
相当于go to the grocer’s shop.
--to buy things for everyday life.
We haven’t got much tea and coffee. = We have little tea and
coffee. (我们只有很少一点茶叶和咖啡了。)=There remains little tea
and coffee.(剩下的茶叶和咖啡不多了。)
--or用在否定句中,表示“即不…也不…”
--They are not doctors or nurses. 他们即不是医生,也不是护士。
用and 则表示“不同时是”
--I am not a teacher and doctor. I am only a teacher. 我不是即当教师又当医生,我只是一个教师。
--I don’t like beer and coco-cola. 我不喜欢把啤酒和可乐搅在一起喝。
--I don’t like beer or coco-cola. 我即不喜欢啤酒,也不喜欢可乐。
What about vegetables?
What about…? …又怎么样?
--Your mother is fine. What about your father? 你母亲很好,你父亲怎么样?
--I’ll go shopping. What about you?我要去逛商店,你呢?
What about…? How about…?可以用来表建议。
--What about a cup of tea? That’s great.
We haven’t got many tomatoes.= We have got very few tomatoes. (我们的西红柿几乎没有了)
I must go to the butcher’s, too.
--too也,还用逗号与主句隔开,只用于肯定句和疑问句中。
--I bought some coffee. I bought some milk, too. 我买了一点咖啡,还买了一些牛奶。
否定句中用either, 表示“也不”
--I don’t like tea. I don’t like coffee, either. 我不喜欢喝茶,也不喜欢喝咖啡。
We need some meat.
--some meat 一些肉,meat是不可数名词
--a lot of meat 许多肉
--at all 根本,一点也(不);用在否定句中,加强语气。
--I don’t like it at all. 我一点都不喜欢。
--I didn’t tell him anything at all. 我根本没告诉过他任何事。
--I never swim at all. 我从不游泳。
--not at all 根本不,一点也不
--Thank you very much. / Not at all.
Have we got any beer and wine?
No, we haven’t. And I’m not going go get any!
--No, we haven’t. = we haven’t got any beer or wine.
--I’m not going to get any!= I’m not going to get any beer orwine.
I hope that you’ve got some money.
--I hope that 跟从句,希望某人做某事
--I hope that you can come back early. 我希望你能早点回来。
--I hope that I haven’t made any mistakes. 我希望我没出什么错。
I haven’t got much.= I haven’t got much money.
--much 不定代词,指代或修饰不可数名词,“许多”,“许多东西”。
--I don’t know much about him. 我对他不十分了解。
--I don’t have much to do. 我没有多少事要做。
Well, I haven’t got much either!
--well 语气词,唉
--either用于否定句,“也不”。
--groceries n.食品杂货
--grocery n.杂货店
--a grocery store 杂货店
--I’m going to the grocer’s to get some groceries. 我要到杂货店去买些杂货/ 生活用品。
--fruit n.水果,单数作集体名词水果
--Do you eat much fruit? 你水果吃得多吗?
--No, only a little. 不多,只吃一点。
--stationery n. (总称词)文具
小结:
have/ has “有,拥有”
--否定形式:在后面直接加not,或者是加助动词don’t 或doesn’t.