测试代码

package com.fh.service.wtservice;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @User: lida(monday)
 * @Date: 2019/10/14 0014.
 * @Time: 下午 4:00.
 * @Version:V1.0
 * @description: com.fh.service.wtservice
 */
public class MapTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
        String test = map.get("hello");
        System.out.println(test);
    }
}

返回结果

result.png

从结果可以看出,HashMap集合中,获取不存在的key时并不会报异常.

在Map的实现类HashMap中有这样一段代码

  /**
     * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
     * or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
     *
     * <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
     * {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key==null ? k==null :
     * key.equals(k))}, then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise
     * it returns {@code null}.  (There can be at most one such mapping.)
     *
     * <p>A return value of {@code null} does not <i>necessarily</i>
     * indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also
     * possible that the map explicitly maps the key to {@code null}.
     * The {@link #containsKey containsKey} operation may be used to
     * distinguish these two cases.
     *
     * @see #put(Object, Object)
     */
    public V get(Object key) {
        Node<K,V> e;
        return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
    }
 
    /**
     * Implements Map.get and related methods.
     *
     * @param hash hash for key
     * @param key the key
     * @return the node, or null if none
     */
    final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
        Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
        if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
            (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
            if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
                ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                return first;
            if ((e = first.next) != null) {
                if (first instanceof TreeNode)
                    return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
                do {
                    if (e.hash == hash &&
                        ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                        return e;
                } while ((e = e.next) != null);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

在get方法中并没有向上抛出异常,注释也说明了返回节点或者null