abp中的菜单加载机制

在abp中菜单的定义与我们传统写的框架不一样，它是在编写代码的时候配置，而我们一般写的通用权限管理系统中，是后期在后台界面中添加的。这一点有很大不同。abp关于菜单的定义及管理挺复杂的。

与菜单相关的结构类、接口及扩展方法类

MenuDefinition：定义应用程序的菜单的结构
MenuItemDefinition：定义应用程序的菜单项的结构
IHasMenuItemDefinitions: 定义子菜单的接口
HasMenuItemDefinitionsExtensions：查询子菜单项的扩展方法类
MenuItemDefinitionExtensions：操作菜单项的扩展方法类

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UserMenu:单个用户的菜单结构
UserMenuItem：单个用户的菜单中的菜单项

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与菜单相关的操作类

这里分为两类，一类是针对应用系统的菜单：

NavigationProvider:提供设置应用系统导航菜单及菜单项的方法SetNavigation
INavigationProviderContext：Provider模式的上下文接口
NavigationProviderContext：Provider模式的上下文类，设置NavigationManager
INavigationManager：导航菜单管理应用服务接口
NavigationManager：导航菜单管理应用服务类，包括构造默认主菜单，初始化菜单的所有菜单项方法。

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另一类是针对用户菜单的操作：
IUserNavigationManager: 用户菜单管理应用服务接口
UserNavigationManager：用户菜单管理应用服务类，提供了获取指定用户的菜单，根据用户权限填充菜单项方法。

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上面的所有类及接口都是在Abp这个项目中定义的。

Web.MVC中的菜单应用

菜单的定义

菜单定义在ContosoAbp.Web.Startup命名空间下的ContosoAbpNavigationProvider类中，这里ContosoAbp为自定义的项目名。ContosoAbpNavigationProvide继承自NavigationProvider抽象类，是实际菜单的定义者。这里利用了Provider模式，微软经常用这种模式。

using Abp.Application.Navigation;
using Abp.Authorization;
using Abp.Localization;
using ContosoAbp.Authorization;

namespace ContosoAbp.Web.Startup
{
    /// <summary>
    /// This class defines menus for the application.
    /// 定义应用程序的菜单
    /// </summary>
    public class ContosoAbpNavigationProvider : NavigationProvider
    {
        public override void SetNavigation(INavigationProviderContext context)
        {
            context.Manager.MainMenu
                .AddItem(
                    new MenuItemDefinition( //首页
                        PageNames.Home,
                        L("HomePage"),
                        url: "",
                        icon: "fas fa-home",
                        requiresAuthentication: true,
                        order:0
                    )
                ).AddItem(
                    new MenuItemDefinition( //空页面
                        PageNames.Empty,
                        L("EmptyPage"),
                        url: "Home/Empty",
                        icon: "fas fa-home",
                        requiresAuthentication: false,
                        order: 1
                    )
                ).AddItem(
                    new MenuItemDefinition( //附件
                        PageNames.Attachment,
                        L("Attachment"),
                        url: "Attachment",
                        icon: "fas fa-home",
                        requiresAuthentication: false,
                        order: 2
                    )
                ).AddItem(
                    new MenuItemDefinition( //租户
                        PageNames.Tenants,
                        L("Tenants"),
                        url: "Tenants",
                        icon: "fas fa-building",
                        permissionDependency: new SimplePermissionDependency(PermissionNames.Pages_Tenants),
                        order: 3
                    )
                ).AddItem(
                    new MenuItemDefinition( // 用户
                        PageNames.Users,
                        L("Users"),
                        url: "Users",
                        icon: "fas fa-users",
                        permissionDependency: new SimplePermissionDependency(PermissionNames.Pages_Users),
                        order: 4
                    )
                ).AddItem(
                    new MenuItemDefinition( //角色
                        PageNames.Roles,
                        L("Roles"),
                        url: "Roles",
                        icon: "fas fa-theater-masks",
                        permissionDependency: new SimplePermissionDependency(PermissionNames.Pages_Roles),
                        order: 5
                            )
                )
                .AddItem(
                    new MenuItemDefinition( //关于
                        PageNames.About,
                        L("About"),
                        url: "About",
                        icon: "fas fa-info-circle",
                        order: 6
                    )
                ).AddItem( // Menu items below is just for demonstration!
                    new MenuItemDefinition( //多级菜单
                        "MultiLevelMenu",
                        L("MultiLevelMenu"),
                        icon: "fas fa-circle",
                        order: 7
                    ).AddItem(
                        new MenuItemDefinition(
                            "AspNetBoilerplate",
                            new FixedLocalizableString("ASP.NET Boilerplate"),
                            icon: "far fa-circle"
                        ).AddItem(
                            new MenuItemDefinition(
                                "AspNetBoilerplateHome",
                                new FixedLocalizableString("Home"),
                                url: "https://aspnetboilerplate.com?ref=abptmpl",
                                icon: "far fa-dot-circle"
                            )
                        ).AddItem(
                            new MenuItemDefinition(
                                "AspNetBoilerplateTemplates",
                                new FixedLocalizableString("Templates"),
                                url: "https://aspnetboilerplate.com/Templates?ref=abptmpl",
                                icon: "far fa-dot-circle"
                            )
                        ).AddItem(
                            new MenuItemDefinition(
                                "AspNetBoilerplateSamples",
                                new FixedLocalizableString("Samples"),
                                url: "https://aspnetboilerplate.com/Samples?ref=abptmpl",
                                icon: "far fa-dot-circle"
                            )
                        ).AddItem(
                            new MenuItemDefinition(
                                "AspNetBoilerplateDocuments",
                                new FixedLocalizableString("Documents"),
                                url: "https://aspnetboilerplate.com/Pages/Documents?ref=abptmpl",
                                icon: "far fa-dot-circle"
                            )
                        )
                    ).AddItem(
                        new MenuItemDefinition(
                            "AspNetZero",
                            new FixedLocalizableString("ASP.NET Zero"),
                            icon: "far fa-circle"
                        ).AddItem(
                            new MenuItemDefinition(
                                "AspNetZeroHome",
                                new FixedLocalizableString("Home"),
                                url: "https://aspnetzero.com?ref=abptmpl",
                                icon: "far fa-dot-circle"
                            )
                        ).AddItem(
                            new MenuItemDefinition(
                                "AspNetZeroFeatures",
                                new FixedLocalizableString("Features"),
                                url: "https://aspnetzero.com/Features?ref=abptmpl",
                                icon: "far fa-dot-circle"
                            )
                        ).AddItem(
                            new MenuItemDefinition(
                                "AspNetZeroPricing",
                                new FixedLocalizableString("Pricing"),
                                url: "https://aspnetzero.com/Pricing?ref=abptmpl#pricing",
                                icon: "far fa-dot-circle"
                            )
                        ).AddItem(
                            new MenuItemDefinition(
                                "AspNetZeroFaq",
                                new FixedLocalizableString("Faq"),
                                url: "https://aspnetzero.com/Faq?ref=abptmpl",
                                icon: "far fa-dot-circle"
                            )
                        ).AddItem(
                            new MenuItemDefinition(
                                "AspNetZeroDocuments",
                                new FixedLocalizableString("Documents"),
                                url: "https://aspnetzero.com/Documents?ref=abptmpl",
                                icon: "far fa-dot-circle"
                            )
                        )
                    )
                );
        }

        private static ILocalizableString L(string name)
        {
            return new LocalizableString(name, ContosoAbpConsts.LocalizationSourceName);
        }
    }
}

菜单的加载

菜单的加载是利用的视图组件，定义了一个SideBarMenuViewComponent的视图组件，在这个SideBarMenuViewComponent类中，利用IUserNavigationManager获取用户的菜单，返回SideBarMenuViewModel给前端，前端遍历输出菜单及子项。

后端视图组件的定义

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Abp.Application.Navigation;
using Abp.Runtime.Session;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace ContosoAbp.Web.Views.Shared.Components.SideBarMenu
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 侧边栏视图组件
    /// </summary>
    public class SideBarMenuViewComponent : ContosoAbpViewComponent
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 侧边栏用户导航管理
        /// </summary>
        private readonly IUserNavigationManager _userNavigationManager;

        /// <summary>
        /// Session服务
        /// </summary>
        private readonly IAbpSession _abpSession;

        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userNavigationManager"></param>
        /// <param name="abpSession"></param>
        public SideBarMenuViewComponent(
            IUserNavigationManager userNavigationManager,
            IAbpSession abpSession)
        {
            _userNavigationManager = userNavigationManager;
            _abpSession = abpSession;
        }

        public async Task<IViewComponentResult> InvokeAsync()
        {
            var model = new SideBarMenuViewModel
            {
                MainMenu = await _userNavigationManager.GetMenuAsync("MainMenu", _abpSession.ToUserIdentifier())
            };

            return View(model);
        }
    }
}

前端遍历输出菜单

@using ContosoAbp.Web.Views.Shared.Components.SideBarMenu
@model SideBarMenuViewModel
@{ 
    var orderedMenuItems = Model.MainMenu.Items.Where(x => x.IsVisible).OrderByCustom().ToList();
}

<nav class="mt-2">
    <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-sidebar flex-column nav-flat" data-widget="treeview" role="menu" data-accordion="false">
        @{
            foreach (var item in orderedMenuItems)
            {
                @await Html.PartialAsync("Components/SideBarMenu/_MenuItem", item)
            }
        }
    </ul>
</nav>

abp web.mvc项目中的菜单加载机制