在学习Handler消息机制中Looper源码时看到ThreadLocal这个类,发现它很强大并且很方便的实现了对各个线程中Looper的管理。这个类的源码只有600行。下面先上一个简单的例子:
public class ThreadLocalTest {
static ThreadLocal<Integer> intLocals = new ThreadLocal<Integer>(){
protected Integer initialValue() {
return 1;
}
};
public static void main(String[] args) {
intLocals.set(669);
new MyThread("A线程").start();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "===="
+ intLocals.get());
}
static class MyThread extends Thread {
public MyThread(String name){
super(name);
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "===="
+ intLocals.get());
}
}
}
这段代码的运行结果:
main====669
A线程====1
提出问题:用static关键字修饰的静态变量intLocals
没效果吗,A线程中的输出结果不应该是669吗?
下面带着这个疑问去源码中寻找答案:
ThreadLocal类中只有一个空参的构造方法,所以关键的代码只有initLocals.set(669)
和initLocals.get()
了。
set方法源码:
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
}
/**
* @param t the current thread
*/
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.threadLocals;
}
从源码中可以看出在Thread中定义了一个ThreadLocalMap的引用,如果该引用的对象不为null就会通过ThreadLocalMap的引用来调用set方法。ThreadLocalMap是ThreadLocal的一个静态内部类,而在ThreadLocalMap中还定义的一个静态的Entry类。以ThreadLocal作为键、Object为值的数据结构;并将键存放到了WeakReference中,即线程中没有ThreadLocal的其他引用时就会自动回收。如果map为空就会执行createMap()方法创建一个ThreadLocalMap对象。
/**
* The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
* its main ref field as the key (which is always a
* ThreadLocal object). Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
* == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
* entry can be expunged from table. Such entries are referred to
* as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
*/
static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
/** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
Object value;
Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
super(k);
value = v;
}
}
// 默认的数组大小为16,自定义的话必须为2的幂
private static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;
private Entry[] table;
由此可见map.set(this, value)
只是将当前的intLocals对象作为键,669作为值存储到主线程中。
get方法源码:
/**
* Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
* thread-local variable. If the variable has no value for the
* current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
* by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
*
* @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
*/
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue();
}
get()通过获取当前线程的ThreadLocalMap对象map,遍历map中数组拿到键为this(即当前ThreadLocal的引用)的Entry实体,从而返回对应的键;map为空时就返回初始化时的值。
看了上面的源码应该能够解答示例中的疑问了:ThreadLocal中set(value)方法将调用这个方法的对象作为键、value为值存储到当前线程中ThreadLocalMap中;而get()方法取出时是根据调用这个方法的ThreadLocal对象到当前线程的ThreadLocalMap中查找对应的值,为空时就返回初始值。也就是说ThreadLocal的get和set方法的操作对象其实都是执行这两个方法所在线程的ThreadLocalMap对象,ThreadLocal只起到了一个键的作用。
ThreadLocal将对象的访问范围限制在线程中,并且当线程结束后ThreadLocal会被自动回收,也可以调用remove()(since 1.5)方法去掉线程中保存的变量。
另外,ThreadLocal不是为了解决线程间的同步问题,感觉恰恰相反,它是为了避免产生同步问题。既然如此,为什么又要整出ThreadLocal这么个东西,直接搞个局部变量不就好了吗?这个问题暂时不知道咋回答,以后再补上!!!
参考资料
Android7.0源码
彻底理解ThreadLocal