牛津上海版英语八年级下册
8B Unit 2
daily adv. 每天(every day) 例如:
·want to studyEnglish well, so I have to practise it daily.
我想学好英语,因此我必须每天练习。
daily adj. 每日的;日常的 n. 日报 例如:
·here aregreat changes in their daily lives. 他们的日常生活有巨大的变化。
increase v. (使)增加 例如:
·The wheatproduction increased a great deal this year. 今年的小麦产量大幅度增加。
·We have
increased the price of paper. 我们提高了纸张的价格。
【反义词】:decrease v. 减少 例如:
·Thepopulation in Germany decreased last year. 去年德国的人口减少了。
impatient adj. 不耐烦的 例如:
·She isbecoming impatient. 她变得着急起来。
【同根词】:patient; impatient; patience
1.patient adj. 有耐心的, 例如:
·She is sokind and always patient with those naughty children.
她对这些淘气的孩子们是如此的和蔼,有耐心。
2.impatient adj. angry at having to wait不耐烦的,急躁的,例如:
·As a nurseryteacher, you mustn’t be impatient with the children.
作为幼儿园教师,你不该对孩子急躁。
3. patience n. 容忍;耐心,例如:
·I have no
patience with him again. 我对他不再有耐心了。
comfortably adv. 舒服地 例如:
·He is sittingcomfortably in that armchair. 他舒服地坐在那把扶手椅子里。
【同根词】:comfort; comfortable; comfortably
1. comfort v. 安慰;鼓舞 n.安乐;舒适;安逸,例如:
·He lives in
comfort. 他过得很舒服。(n.)
·She comforted
the sick child. 她安慰这个生病的孩子。(v.)
2. comfortable adj. 舒适的,舒服的,例如:
·She lives acomfortable life. 她过着舒适的生活。
3. comfortably adv. with no pain or worry 舒适地,安乐地
pump 1.v. push by machine (用泵)抽,抽吸;打气,例如:
·The villagershad pumped the well dry and could get no more water.
村民们已把水井抽干了,再也抽不出水来了。
2 . n. 泵;水泵,例如:
·They are
watering the fields with many pumps. 他们正用许多泵浇灌着田地。
freeze v. (froze frozen freezing) freezing wind
1. stop moving suddenly
(突然停止,惊呆),例如:
·Fear made him
freeze in his tracks. 恐惧使他突然停止前进。
·He froze in
front of the audience. 他在观众面前吓呆了。
2. 冷冻,冷藏(食物),例如:
plant n. 1.building with machines in it工厂,车间 works
·When theplant closed down, many factory workers lost their jobs.
工厂关门了,很多工人失业了。
【词义辨析】:
speed; hurry
1. speed v.(sped sped speeding) move quickly指快速运动或行动。
The ambulance sped to
the hospital. 救护车快速开往医院。
The train sped through
the countryside. 火车从乡间飞驰而过。
Postal workers laboredovertime to speed delivery of the Christmas mail.
邮政工人加班加点已加速圣诞期间新信件的发送。
2. hurry v. move or do sth. quickly or too quickly 意指比通常快得多的速度,经常伴随着混乱或骚动。
If you don’t hurry, you’ll miss the plane.如果你不迅速些,你将会错过班机了。
reply; answer(v. & n.)
1.
reply 和answer 都表示“回答”,都可以做名词和动词。answer 为一般用语;reply 的用法比较正式,多用于经过深思熟虑后对对方问题和论点作出解释、辩论或陈述性回答。这两个词在做名词时都可以与to连用,指“……的答案或答复”。answer 较常用,如:answer a question ( the door bell, the phone, the letter, etc.) 例如:
He has answered my letter. (此句仅表明他回了我的信,说明他已经收到我的信。)
I
received no reply / answer to my request. 我的要求没有得到任何答复。(名词)
They
did not reply to our new suggestion. 他们对我们的新建议没有作出答复。(动词)
2.
answer 是及物动词,后面可直接跟宾语;而reply是不及物动词,跟宾语须与to连用;answer 可表示对电话、敲门等作出的应答,而reply则没有这种用法。例如:
He has replied to my letter.(此句表明他将我信中的问题都一一回答了。)
You
must reply to / answer this letter right away. 你必须马上回复这封信。
Who
answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?
如果是指练习题的“答案”,一般用answer。answer to+…
五.常用词组:
vanish v. disappear 消失,突然不见,常用词组有:
vanish
into thin air 消失不见 vanish fromsight消失不见
vanishin darkness 在黑暗中消失 vanish into nothing 化为乌有
reply v.& n. 常用词组有:
in
reply (to) 为答复……;作为对……的答复 make (no) reply (不)作答复
reply
for sb. 代表某人作答辩 / 答谢祝酒 reply to回答;答复
look v. use one’s sight; turn the eyes in somedirection; try to see看;视;望。常用词组有:
look around 四周环顾 look round 环视
look after 照料,照顾 look out of 朝……外看
look back (与on, to连用)回想,想起 look down on轻视,看不起
look for 寻找 look forward to盼望,期待
look like 看起来像 look out注意,小心
look through 从头看完,透视 look up 在书中查到,查阅(词典)
finish with 以……为结束,例如:
He finished with the work. 他以这项工作做为结束。
He finished the performance with a song. 他以一首歌曲结束表演。
mean by ... 意思是,例如:
What do you mean by saying that? 你那样说是什么意思?
语 法 知 识
一.句型 It is + adj. + for sb. (ofsb.) to do sth.(对事加以评论 / 对人加以评论)
不定式短语作主语时,常用形式主语it来代替,而真正的主语放在句子的谓语后面。
It is difficult for you to read through this book a
week or so.对你来说一星期左右看完这本书有困难。
It is useful for you to learn how to use thecomputer. 学习使用计算机对你有好处。
It was brave of you to go into the burning building
to save the child. 你冲入火场救那个孩子,真勇敢。
It’s necessary for us to learn English today. 现在对我们来讲,学英语非常重要。
二.(a)few 和(a)little 的用法
1. (a) few 用在可数名词n..[C]之前,(a) little 用在不可数名词n.[U]之前。例如:
2. few/ little可由hardly any 或almost no 所替代,含否定的意味。例如:
The composition is well written; it has few
mistakes. = The composition is well written; it has hardly any mistakes. 这篇作文很好写,几乎没有多少错误。
Few men can solve it. = Almost no men can solveit. 几乎没有人能解决它。
3. a few相当于some, several, 含肯定的意味。
4.只是(a) little 修饰不可数名词,表量或程度。
He grows worse; there is little hope of hisrecovery. 他病情恶化了,恢复的希望很小了。
三.其它的数量形容词
1. plenty of, a lot of, lots of 都表示许多,修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。例如:
2. a great deal of, a good deal of, a largequantity of, a small quantity of, a large amount of, a small
amount of 均表量,修饰不可数名词。
3. a number of “许多;一些”;a great number of, a large
number of, a good number of “许多”,修饰复数可数名词,并且要与复数动词连用。例如:
A number of books are missing from thelibrary. 图书馆的许多书丢失了。
The number of books from the library is large. 图书馆的图书数量很大。
[the number of +复数名词 + 单数(be)动词]
The room contained a great / large / good / number
of students. (复数可数名词)
这个房间容纳了许多学生。