OSPF综合实验报告
一．实验拓扑图
二．实验要求
1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；
5、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；
6、全网可达；
三．实验思路
1.划分IP
2.配置IP
3.使公网互通
4.公网ping通检测
5.为R3、R5、R6、R7配置MGRE环境
6.使内网互通
7.解决基于ospf的Mgre的两个问题
8.处理area4内的网段
9.处理R12上的两环回
10.配置nat
11.Ospf的路由聚合
12.加快收敛
13.保证更新安全
四．实验步骤
1.划分IP
具体划分过程：
先将172.16.0.0/16这个大网段划分成两个小网段，如：172.16.0.0/17、172.16.128.0/17.其中的172.16.0.0/17网段给整个ospf,另一个172.16.128.0/17网段给环回；此时，看172.16.0.0/17这个网段，由于ospf有5个区域，但area0的网段是给了的，因此，就将172.16.0.0/17在划分成4个小的网段，如：172.16.0.0/19、172.16.32.0/19、172.16.64.0/19、172.16.96.0/19。
Area1à172.16.0.0/19
R1、R2与R3属于同一网段
R1:172.16.0.1/19
R2:172.16.0.2/19
R3:172.16.0.3/19
Area2à172.16.32.0/19
R6:172.16.32.6/20
R11:172.16.32.11/20、172.16.48.11/20
R12:172.16.48.12/20
Area3à172.16.64.0/19
R7:172.16.64.7/20
R8:172.16.64.8/20、172.16.80.8/20
R9:172.16.80.9/20
Area4à172.16.96.0/19
R9与R10属于同一网段
R9:172.16.96.9/19
R10:172.16.96.10/19
172.16.128.0/17这个网段，由于一共有13个环回，所以需要13个网段。
1.172.16.128.0/21
2. 172.16.136.0/21
3. 172.16.144.0/21
4.172.16.152.0/21
5.172.16.160.0/21
6.172.16.168.0/21
7.172.16.176.0/21
8.172.16.184.0/21
9.172.16.192.0/21
10.172.16.200.0/21
11.172.16.208.0/21
12.172.16.216.0/21
13.172.16.224.0/21
172.16.240.0/21
2.配置 IP
R1：
R2：
R3：
R4：
R5：
R6：
R7：
R8：
R9：
R10：
R11：
R12：
3.公网互通
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4
4.公网ping通检测
R3 ping R5：
R7 ping R4的环回：
5. 为R3、R5、R6、R7配置MGRE环境
R3：
[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/3
[R3-Tunnel0/0/3]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/3]ip address 172.16.240.3 21
[R3-Tunnel0/0/3]source 34.0.0.3
[R3-Tunnel0/0/3]nhrp network-id 100
R5：
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/5
[R5-Tunnel0/0/5]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/5]ip address 172.16.240.5 21
[R5-Tunnel0/0/5]source Serial 4/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/5]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/5]nhrp entry 172.16.240.3 34.0.0.3 register
R6：
[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/6
[R6-Tunnel0/0/6]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/6]ip address 172.16.240.6 21
[R6-Tunnel0/0/6]source Serial 4/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/6]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/6]nhrp entry 172.16.240.3 34.0.0.3 register
R7：
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/7
[R7-Tunnel0/0/7]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/7]ip address 172.16.240.7 21
[R7-Tunnel0/0/7]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/7]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/7]nhrp entry 172.16.240.3 34.0.0.3 register
6.使内网互通
用ospf进行配置
Area1:
R1:ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.
area 0.0.0.1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255
network 172.16.128.1 0.0.0.0
R2:ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
area 0.0.0.1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255
network 172.16.136.2 0.0.0.0
R3:ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
area 0.0.0.0
network 172.16.240.0 0.0.7.255
network 172.16.144.3 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.1
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255
Area2:
R6:ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
area 0.0.0.0
network 172.16.240.0 0.0.7.255
network 172.16.168.6 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.2
network 172.16.32.0 0.0.15.255
R5：
area 0.0.0.0
network 172.16.240.0 0.0.7.255
R11:
ospf 1 area 0.0.0.2
network 172.16.32.0 0.0.15.255
network 172.16.48.0 0.0.15.255
network 172.16.208.11 0.0.0.0
R12:
ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
area 0.0.0.2
network 172.16.48.0 0.0.15.255
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]undo summary
[R12-rip-1]version 2
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
Area3:
R7:ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
area 0.0.0.0
network 172.16.240.0 0.0.7.255
network 172.16.176.7 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.3
network 172.16.64.0 0.0.15.255
R8:ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
area 0.0.0.3
network 172.16.64.0 0.0.15.255
network 172.16.80.0 0.0.15.255
network 172.16.184.8 0.0.0.0
Area4:
R9:ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
area 0.0.0.3
network 172.16.80.0 0.0.15.255
network 172.16.176.9 0.0.0.0
ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.10
area 0.0.0.4
network 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
R10:ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10
area 0.0.0.4
network 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
network 172.16.200.10 0.0.0.0
7.解决基于ospf的Mgre的问题
[R3-Tunnel0/0/3]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
R3：
原本的类型：
通过命令：
[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/3
[R3-Tunnel0/0/3]ospf network-type p2mp
改后的网络类型：
观察邻居表和路由表
邻居表：
路由表：
8.area4网段
路由引入
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
9.R12环回
路由引入
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip
[R12-rip-1]import-route ospf
10.配置nat
R3：
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.128.0 0.0.7.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.136.0 0.0.7.255
[R3]int Serial 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
R5：
[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.160.0 0.0.7.255
[R5-acl-basic-2000]quit
[R5]int Serial 4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
R6：
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.32.0 0.0.15.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.48.0 0.0.15.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.168.0 0.0.7.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.208.0 0.0.7.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.216.0 0.0.7.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.224.0 0.0.7.255
[R6]int Serial 4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
R7：
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.64.0 0.0.15.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.80.0 0.0.15.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.184.0 0.0.7.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.192.0 0.0.7.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.200.0 0.0.7.255
[R7]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
配置缺省
[R3-ospf-1]undo default-route-advertise
[R6-ospf-1]default-route-advertise
[R7-ospf-1]default-route-advertise
检测是否可以与公网的环回通信：
8.area4网段
路由引入
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
9.R12环回
路由引入
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip
[R12-rip-1]import-route ospf
10.配置nat
R3：
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.128.0 0.0.7.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.136.0 0.0.7.255
[R3]int Serial 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
R5：
[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.160.0 0.0.7.255
[R5-acl-basic-2000]quit
[R5]int Serial 4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
R6：
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.32.0 0.0.15.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.48.0 0.0.15.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.168.0 0.0.7.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.208.0 0.0.7.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.216.0 0.0.7.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.224.0 0.0.7.255
[R6]int Serial 4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
R7：
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.64.0 0.0.15.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.80.0 0.0.15.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.184.0 0.0.7.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.192.0 0.0.7.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.200.0 0.0.7.255
[R7]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
配置缺省
[R3-ospf-1]undo default-route-advertise
[R6-ospf-1]default-route-advertise
[R7-ospf-1]default-route-advertise
检测是否可以与公网的环回通信：
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
13.保证更新安全
以区域1为例à进行接口认证
[R1]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher
dy12345
[R2]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher dy12345
[R3]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher dy12345
