01-数据分析介绍和环境安装
conda: data science package & environment manager
创建环境：
conda creat -- name python3 python=3
切换环境：
windows: activate python3
linux/macos: source activate python3
官方地址：https://www.anaconda.com/download
02-matplotlib折线图
matplotlib是python的一个绘图库，与numpy、pandas共享数据科学三剑客的美誉，
Python--Matplotlib（基本用法）
Matplotlib入门详细教程
Pandas入门详细教程
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x = range(2,26,2)
y =[15,13,14.5,17,20,25,26,26,24,22,18,15]
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
win7环境下：
使用matplotlib报错
#1.在导入pyplot之前.需要输入如下步骤:
import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use('Agg') 或 mpl.use('TkAgg')
#加上述两句后，程序不报错，但无显示
import matplotlib
print(matplotlib.get_backend())
#将得到的字符串结果替换mlp.use('Agg')中Agg'即可
21-02-02 matplotlib的基础绘图和调整x轴的刻度
matplotlib.pyplot **kwargs Text text(x, y, s[, fontdict])
#matplotlib.pyplot方法 figure xticks xlabel xlim xscale
subplot subplots axes
plot bar hist
**kwargs :rotation alpha backgroundcolor color fontsize or size fontweight or weight ……
#设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(10,5),dpi=80)
#设置x轴的刻度
_xtick_labels = [i/2 for i in range(4,49)]
plt.xticks(range(15,40))
plt.yticks(range(min(y),max(y)+1))
#保存
plt.savefig("./t1.png") #*.svg 是矢量图格式
----------------------
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=r"e:\python\ttc\msgothic.ttc")
x = range(0,120)
y = [random.randint(20,35) for i in range(120)]
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
plt.plot(x,y)
#调整x轴的刻度
_xtick_labels = ["10点{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
_xtick_labels += ["11点{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
#取步长，数字和字符串一一对应，数据的长度一样
plt.xticks(list(x)[::3],_xtick_labels[::3],rotation=45,fontproperties=my_font) #rotaion旋转的度数
#添加描述信息
plt.xlabel("时间",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("温度 单位(℃)",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("10点到12点每分钟的气温变化情况",fontproperties=my_font)
E:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\Python\Python就业班\21 数据分析\03-matplotlib常用统计图
a
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
acorr |
Plot the autocorrelation of x. |
angle_spectrum |
Plot the angle spectrum. |
annotate |
Annotate the point xy with text text. |
arrow |
Add an arrow to the Axes. |
autoscale |
Autoscale the axis view to the data (toggle). |
axes |
Add an axes to the current figure and make it the current axes. |
axhline |
Add a horizontal line across the axis. |
axhspan |
Add a horizontal span (rectangle) across the Axes. |
axis |
Convenience method to get or set some axis properties. |
axline |
Add an infinitely long straight line. |
axvline |
Add a vertical line across the Axes. |
axvspan |
Add a vertical span (rectangle) across the Axes. |
bar |
Make a bar plot. |
bar_label |
Label a bar plot. |
barbs |
Plot a 2D field of barbs. |
barh |
Make a horizontal bar plot. |
box |
Turn the axes box on or off on the current axes. |
boxplot |
Make a box and whisker plot. |
broken_barh |
Plot a horizontal sequence of rectangles. |
cla |
Clear the current axes. |
clabel |
Label a contour plot. |
clf |
Clear the current figure. |
clim |
Set the color limits of the current image. |
close |
Close a figure window. |
cohere |
Plot the coherence between x and y. |
colorbar |
Add a colorbar to a plot. |
contour |
Plot contour lines. |
contourf |
Plot filled contours. |
csd |
Plot the cross-spectral density. |
delaxes |
Remove an Axes (defaulting to the current axes) from its figure. |
draw |
Redraw the current figure. |
draw_if_interactive |
Redraw the current figure if in interactive mode. |
errorbar |
Plot y versus x as lines and/or markers with attached errorbars. |
eventplot |
Plot identical parallel lines at the given positions. |
figimage |
Add a non-resampled image to the figure. |
figlegend |
Place a legend on the figure. |
fignum_exists |
Return whether the figure with the given id exists. |
figtext |
Add text to figure. |
figure |
Create a new figure, or activate an existing figure. |
fill |
Plot filled polygons. |
fill_between |
Fill the area between two horizontal curves. |
fill_betweenx |
Fill the area between two vertical curves. |
findobj |
Find artist objects. |
gca |
Get the current Axes, creating one if necessary. |
gcf |
Get the current figure. |
gci |
Get the current colorable artist. |
get |
Return the value of an Artist's property, or print all of them. |
get_figlabels |
Return a list of existing figure labels. |
get_fignums |
Return a list of existing figure numbers. |
getp |
Return the value of an Artist's property, or print all of them. |
grid |
Configure the grid lines. |
hexbin |
Make a 2D hexagonal binning plot of points x, y. |
hist |
Plot a histogram. |
hist2d |
Make a 2D histogram plot. |
hlines |
Plot horizontal lines at each y from xmin to xmax. |
imread |
Read an image from a file into an array. |
imsave |
Save an array as an image file. |
imshow |
Display data as an image, i.e., on a 2D regular raster. |
install_repl_displayhook |
Install a repl display hook so that any stale figure are automatically redrawn when control is returned to the repl. |
ioff |
Disable interactive mode. |
ion |
Enable interactive mode. |
isinteractive |
Return whether plots are updated after every plotting command. |
legend |
Place a legend on the Axes. |
locator_params |
Control behavior of major tick locators. |
loglog |
Make a plot with log scaling on both the x and y axis. |
magnitude_spectrum |
Plot the magnitude spectrum. |
margins |
Set or retrieve autoscaling margins. |
matshow |
Display an array as a matrix in a new figure window. |
minorticks_off |
Remove minor ticks from the axes. |
minorticks_on |
Display minor ticks on the axes. |
new_figure_manager |
Create a new figure manager instance. |
pause |
Run the GUI event loop for interval seconds. |
pcolor |
Create a pseudocolor plot with a non-regular rectangular grid. |
pcolormesh |
Create a pseudocolor plot with a non-regular rectangular grid. |
phase_spectrum |
Plot the phase spectrum. |
pie |
Plot a pie chart. |
plot |
Plot y versus x as lines and/or markers. |
plot_date |
Plot co-ercing the axis to treat floats as dates. |
polar |
Make a polar plot. |
psd |
Plot the power spectral density. |
quiver |
Plot a 2D field of arrows. |
quiverkey |
Add a key to a quiver plot. |
rc |
Set the current rcParams. |
rc_context |
Return a context manager for temporarily changing rcParams. |
rcdefaults |
Restore the rcParams from Matplotlib's internal default style. |
rgrids |
Get or set the radial gridlines on the current polar plot. |
savefig |
Save the current figure. |
sca |
Set the current Axes to ax and the current Figure to the parent of ax. |
scatter |
A scatter plot of y vs. |
sci |
Set the current image. |
semilogx |
Make a plot with log scaling on the x axis. |
semilogy |
Make a plot with log scaling on the y axis. |
set_cmap |
Set the default colormap, and applies it to the current image if any. |
setp |
Set one or more properties on an Artist, or list allowed values. |
show |
Display all open figures. |
specgram |
Plot a spectrogram. |
spy |
Plot the sparsity pattern of a 2D array. |
stackplot |
Draw a stacked area plot. |
stairs |
A stepwise constant function as a line with bounding edges or a filled plot. |
stem |
Create a stem plot. |
step |
Make a step plot. |
streamplot |
Draw streamlines of a vector flow. |
subplot |
Add an Axes to the current figure or retrieve an existing Axes. |
subplot2grid |
Create a subplot at a specific location inside a regular grid. |
subplot_mosaic |
Build a layout of Axes based on ASCII art or nested lists. |
subplot_tool |
Launch a subplot tool window for a figure. |
subplots |
Create a figure and a set of subplots. |
subplots_adjust |
Adjust the subplot layout parameters. |
suptitle |
Add a centered suptitle to the figure. |
switch_backend |
Close all open figures and set the Matplotlib backend. |
table |
Add a table to an Axes. |
text |
Add text to the Axes. |
thetagrids |
Get or set the theta gridlines on the current polar plot. |
tick_params |
Change the appearance of ticks, tick labels, and gridlines. |
ticklabel_format |
Configure the ScalarFormatter used by default for linear axes. |
tight_layout |
Adjust the padding between and around subplots. |
title |
Set a title for the Axes. |
tricontour |
Draw contour lines on an unstructured triangular grid. |
tricontourf |
Draw contour regions on an unstructured triangular grid. |
tripcolor |
Create a pseudocolor plot of an unstructured triangular grid. |
triplot |
Draw a unstructured triangular grid as lines and/or markers. |
twinx |
Make and return a second axes that shares the x-axis. |
twiny |
Make and return a second axes that shares the y-axis. |
uninstall_repl_displayhook |
Uninstall the matplotlib display hook. |
violinplot |
Make a violin plot. |
vlines |
Plot vertical lines at each x from ymin to ymax. |
xcorr |
Plot the cross correlation between x and y. |
xkcd |
Turn on xkcd sketch-style drawing mode. |
xlabel |
Set the label for the x-axis. |
xlim |
Get or set the x limits of the current axes. |
xscale |
Set the x-axis scale. |
xticks |
Get or set the current tick locations and labels of the x-axis. |
ylabel |
Set the label for the y-axis. |
ylim |
Get or set the y-limits of the current axes. |
yscale |
Set the y-axis scale. |
yticks |
Get or set the current tick locations and labels of the y-axis. |
