题目链接
难度:困难 类型:
给定一个非空字符串 s 和一个包含非空单词列表的字典 wordDict,在字符串中增加空格来构建一个句子,使得句子中所有的单词都在词典中。返回所有这些可能的句子。
说明:
分隔时可以重复使用字典中的单词。
你可以假设字典中没有重复的单词。
示例1
输入:
s = "catsanddog"
wordDict = ["cat", "cats", "and", "sand", "dog"]
输出:
[
"cats and dog",
"cat sand dog"
]
示例2
输入:
s = "pineapplepenapple"
wordDict = ["apple", "pen", "applepen", "pine", "pineapple"]
输出:
[
"pine apple pen apple",
"pineapple pen apple",
"pine applepen apple"
]
解释: 注意你可以重复使用字典中的单词。
示例3
输入:
s = "catsandog"
wordDict = ["cats", "dog", "sand", "and", "cat"]
输出:
[]
解题思路
- 遍历wordDict中的每一个word,查看字符串s是否是由word开头的,即word是否是s的前缀
- 若是,就将改word存储在结果中,并将s去掉这个word前缀,再进行第1步
如示例1
s = "catsanddog"
wordDict = ["cat", "cats", "and", "sand", "dog"]
s是以cat开头的,将cat存储再result中,把s变为sanddog,再遍历wordDict,发现sand是新s的前缀,再将sand存储。。。
可以发现,多次调用了第1步,程序中可以递归地调用,而对于下面这种情况:
s = "catsanddog"
wordDict = ["cat", "c", "at", "and", "s", "sand", "dog"]
前缀为‘cat’ 或者‘c at’对应的都是后缀都是‘sanddog',而‘sanddog'可以拆分为‘s and dog'和‘sand dog',会出现重复搜索的过程,这很没有必要,可以利用字典memo来保存,{’sanddog':['sand dog', 's and dog']},遇到已经出现过的情况,直接查字典即可,速度会快很多
代码实现
class Solution(object):
def wordBreak(self, s, wordDict):
"""
:type s: str
:type wordDict: List[str]
:rtype: List[str]
"""
def dfs(s, wordDict, memo):
if s in memo:
return memo[s]
if not s: return []
res = []
for word in wordDict:
if not s.startswith(word):
continue
if len(word) == len(s):
res.append(word)
else:
rest = dfs(s[len(word):], wordDict, memo)
for item in rest:
item = word + ' ' + item
res.append(item)
memo[s] = res
return res
return dfs(s, wordDict,{})